Showing posts with label HHH. Show all posts
Showing posts with label HHH. Show all posts

17/07/2012

hotaru - fireflies

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- hotaru 蛍 (ほたる) firefly, fireflies -

Their appearance along rivers of Japan brings a romantic, poetic feeling to all who watch them. And it did not cost the farmers a penny to go out and enjoy them.
There are more than 40 different types of fireflies known in Japan.


The mention of "fireflies" in the haikai times of Basho also referred to the "hot buttocks" of the young men and their love-life.

. nanshoku、danshoku 男色 homosexuality in Edo .



Kono Bairei (1844-1895)



. WKD : hotaru 蛍 firefly, fireflies .
Luciola lateralis. Glühwürmchen; Leuchtkäfer - kigo for mid-summer

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source : chiyopro/okuno-in


愚に暗く茨を掴む蛍かな
gu ni kuraku ibara o tsukamu hotaru kana


foolishly, in the dark,
he grabs a thorn:
hunting fireflies

Tr. Barnhill


quote
a fool in the dark
grabs a bramble -
firefly hunt


Kuraku, as in the Enlish word "dark", can mean either physical or metaphorical darkness.

Read more by Ueda, Bashō and His Interpreters
source : http://books.google.co.jp


foolishly in the darkness
I grab a thorn
hunting for fireflies . . .

Tr. Gabi Greve

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.
Basho seems to make fun of his own foolishness. He should know better than grabbing into the darkness . . .
He is also referring to all people who fool themselves with shallow knowledge . . .

Written in 延宝9年(天和元年), Basho age 38.


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. hotarumi ya sendoo yoote obotsukana .
(summer) Hotaru fireflies from Seta. drunken boatsman


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蛍火の昼は消えつつ柱かな
hotaru-bi no / hiru wa kie tsutsu / hashira kana

. hotarubi no hiru wa kie-tsutsu hashira kana .
At Hiraizumi, where the pillars of the Golden Hall are loosing some chippings of the gold foil, shimmering like fireflies.


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. koko hotaru tagoto no tsuki to kurabeken .
(summer) fireflies. each field. moonlight, to compare


. kono hotaru tagoto no tsuki ni kurabemin .
(autumn) moon. reflected in each paddy. fireflies (from Seta)

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source : www.garitto.com/product


草の葉を落つるより飛ぶ蛍かな 
kusa no ha o otsuru yori tobu hotaru kana

falling from
a grass blade, and flying away:
a firefly

Tr. Barnhill


The hotaru disappears from the clumps of grass
to immediately reappear in the distance.

Tr. Sanm Sasaki - Chado: The Way of Tea


from a blade of grass
a firefly falls and then
flies away . . .

Tr. Gabi Greve


The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.


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. me ni nokoru Yoshino o Seta no hotaru kana .
(summer) fireflies from Seta, Lake Biwa. Yoshino

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Here is a linked verse "己が光" (Ono ga hikari - をのが光 ) from the Summer of 1962, as reported by Shayo:


己が火を木々に蛍や花の宿
ono ga hi o kigi ni hotaru ya hana no yado
- Basho 芭蕉

With their own light,
fireflies turning trees
into blossom-viewing inns.

Tr. Robin D Gill



蛍見や鯉も胴うつ五間の間  
hotarumi ya koi mo doo utsu gokan no ma
- Shayo 車庸

Written in the summer of 1690 元禄3年夏, at Ishiyama.
- another source dates it to
in 1692 元禄5年夏


. Shioe Shayoo 潮江車要 Shayo .


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. WKD : hotaru 蛍 firefly, fireflies .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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Hatsumono first things

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- First Things, New Things 初物 hatsumono -

"First things" were important to the haikai poets of the Edo period, since they carried a lot of "wabi and sabi" with their limited appearance only once in a year.

Many "First things" belong to the season of the first lunar month, now mostly the New Year.
But
There are many other New and First activities and things throughout the year.

First things often start with HATSU ...
or end in .... SOME / ZOME.
There is also .... HAJIME for the first time

. WKD : First Things, New Things .

The first katsuo skipjack of the season was one of the most expensive delicacies in Edo.
Even Basho wrote a hokku about it.





目に青葉 山ほととぎす初かつお
me ni aoba yama hototogisu hatsu katsuo

green leaves to look at
hototogisu in the mountains
first Katsuo skipjack


Yamaguchi Sodoo 山口素堂 Sodo
(1642 - 1716)
He was a disciple of Basho

under construction
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- - - - - hatsu 初 - - - - -

千鳥立ち更け行く初夜の日枝颪
. chidori tachi fuke-yuku shoya no hieoroshi .
shoya (soya) 初夜 , lit. "first night", refers to the "double-hour of the dog" 戌の刻, now about 9 in the evening.
It can also mean the "first night" of a newly-wedded couple.



初秋や畳みながらの蚊屋の夜着
. hatsu aki ya tataminagara no kaya no yogi .
first sign of autumn.
Basho uses his folded mosquito net as a blanket.


初秋や海も青田の一みどり
. hatsu aki ya umi mo aota mo hito midori .
(autumn) autumn begins. the sea and the fields one shade of green


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- - - - - There is a proverb
hatusmono nanajuu gonichi 初物75日 / "初物七十五日"

"If you eat a "first thing",
your life will be prolonged for 75 days.



初花に命七十五年ほど
hatsu hana ni inochi nanajuu gonen hodo
hatsu hana ni / inochi shichi jū / go nen hodo

from these first blossoms
I will gain at least
seventy-five years


Written in 延宝6年, Basho age 35

Basho must be looking at some really beautiful cherry blossoms.
Or maybe he is joking about the relationship with the young ladies ?





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初真桑四つにや断たん輪に切らん
. hatsu makuwa yotsu ni ya tatan wa ni kiran .
hatsu makuwa yotsu no ya kiran wa ni kiran
(summer) first Makuwa melon. cut it in quarters? or round slices?


初時雨猿も小蓑を欲しげなり
. hatsu shigure saru mo komino o hoshige nari .
(winter) winter drizzle, monkey, straw coat. - first from Sarumino 猿蓑


初時雨初の字を我が時雨哉
. hatsu shigure hatsu no ji o waga shigure kana .
(winter) first winter drizzle. the character "first".


初霜や菊冷え初むる腰の綿
. hatsu shimo ya kiku hie somuru koshi no wata .
(autumn) chrysanthemums. first frost. cotton wrapper around my hip


初茸やまだ日数経ぬ秋の露
. hatsutake ya mada hikazu henu aki no tsuyu .
(autumn) first mushrooms. few days have passed. dew in autumn


初午に狐の剃りし頭哉
. hatsu-uma ni kitsune no sorishi atama kana .
(New Year) First Day of the Horse. a fox shaved your head
for Zekitsu 是橘



- - - - - - - - - - hatsu yuki, hatsuyuki 初雪 first snow - - - - -

初雪に兎の皮の髭作れ
. hatsu yuki ni usagi no kawa no hige tsukure .
(winter) first snow. rabbit, fur. beard


初雪や聖小僧の笈の色
. hatsuyuki ya hijiri kozoo no oi no iro .
(winter) first snow. mendicant monk. color of his backpack


初雪やいつ大仏の柱立て
. hatsu yuki ya itsu Daibutsu no hashira date .
(winter) first snow. Daibutsu temple, Nara. erect new columns


初雪や懸けかかりたる橋の上
. hatsu yuki ya kakekakaritaru hashi no ue .
(winter) first snow. on the bridge under construction - The Great Bridge of Fukagawa 深川大橋


初雪や幸ひ庵にまかりある
. hatsu yuki ya saiwai an ni makariaru .
(winter) first snow. luckily. I am in my own hut.


初雪や水仙の葉のたわむまで
. hatsuyuki ya suisen no ha no tawamu made .
(winter) first snow. enough to bend the daffodils


初桜折しも今日はよき日なり
. hatsuzakura orishi mo kyoo wa yoki hi nari .
(spring) first cherry blossom. today is a good day
at Iga Ueno 伊賀上野, temple Yakushi-Ji


蓬莱に聞かばや伊勢の初便り
. hoorai ni kikabaya Ise no hatsudayori .
hōrai ni / kikabaya Ise no / hatsu dayori
(New Year) Horai decoration and first news. I would like to hear.


鎌倉を生きて出でけん初鰹
. Kamakura o ikite ideken hatsugatsuo .
(summer) first katsuo skipjack bonito. town of Kamakura. to be alive

顔に似ぬ発句も出でよ初桜
. kao ni ninu hokku mo ideyo hatsu zakura .
(spring) first cherry blossoms, my face, Hokku

この梅に牛も初音と鳴きつべし
. kono ume ni ushi mo hatsune to nakitsu beshi .
(spring) plum blossoms. an oxen might shout his first moo


今日ばかり人も年寄れ初時雨
. kyoo bakari hito mo toshiyore hatsushigure .
(winter) first winter drizzle. just today. growing older.


めづらしや山を出羽の初茄子
. mezurashi ya yama o Dewa no hatsu nasubi .
(summer) Minden eggplants from Dewa, How special!


咲き乱す桃の中より初桜
. saki midasu momo no naka yori hatsu-zakura / hatsuzakura .
(spring) first cherry blossoms. peach blossoms everywhere.


芹焼きや裾輪の田井の初氷
. seriyaki ya susowa no ta-i no hatsu goori . seri yaki ya
(winter) first ice. dropwort (Japanese parsley). irrigation pond


初春まづ酒に梅売る匂ひかな
. shoshun mazu sake ni ume uru nioi kana .
New Year, sake and plum blossoms



旅人と我が名呼ばれん初時雨
. . . . . tabibito to waga na yobaren hatsu shigure .
(winter) first winter drizzle. traveller. my name.



柳行李片荷は涼し初真桑
. yanagigoori katani wa suzushi hatsu makuwa .
(summer) first melon. wicker box luggage. coolness


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- - - - - hajime 初め, はじめ  - - - - -

風流の初めや奥の田植歌
. fuuryuu no hajime ya Oku no taue uta .
(summer) planting rice in the paddies, Oku, furyu-the elegant, acomplished


花を宿に始め終りや二十日ほど
. hana no yado ni hajime owari ya hatsuka hodo .
(spring) cherry blossoms. from beginning to end about 20 days


十六夜はわづかに闇の初め哉
. izayoi wa wazuka ni yami no hajime kana .
(autumn) sixteenth night moon. beginning of darkness


大津絵の筆のはじめは何仏
. Ootsu e no fude no hajime wa nani botoke .
(New Year) first use of the brush. Otsu-e paintings. Buddha image


暫時は滝に籠るや夏の初め
. shibaraku wa taki ni komoru ya ge no hajime .
(summer) waterfall. summer retreat. for some time


七夕や秋を定むる夜のはじめ 
. Tanabata ya aki o sadamuru yo no hajime .
(autumn) Tanabata star festival. now autumn has really come
at the home of Yadoo 野童 Yado in Kyoto


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- - - - - some そめ - - - - -

新藁の出初めて早き時雨哉
. shinwara no desomete hayaki shigure kana .
new straw is already coming out


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This hokku includes the character of HATSU 初,
but in the old spelling of Hase長谷, Hatsuse 初瀬, a place and temple near Nara.

うかれける人や初瀬の山桜
. ukarekeru hito ya Hatsuse no yamazakura .
ukare-keru hito ya Hatsuse no yama-zakura
(spring) mountain cherry blossoms. people wander around at Hase temple


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. WKD : First Things, New Things .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .


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12/07/2012

Momi suru oto

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- Momi suru Oto 籾する音 The Sound of Hulling Rice -



source : agri_school/a_kome

drying and hulling rice in the Edo period
乾燥・もみすり(江戸時代(元禄))



. WKD : momisuri 籾摺 hulling rice .
kigo for late autumn



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momi suru oto 籾する音

大和國長尾の里と云処ハ、さすがに都遠きにあらず、山里ながら山里に似ず。あるじ心有さまにて、老いたる母のおハしけるを、其家のかたへにしつらひ、庭前に木草のおかしげなるを植置て、岩尾めづらかにすゑなし、手づから枝をたハめ石を撫ては、「此山蓬莱の嶋ともなりね、生薬とりてんよ」と老母につかへ、慰めなんどせし実有けり。
「家貧して孝をあらハす」とこそ聞なれ、貧しからずして功を尽す。古人も難事になんいゝける。

冬しらぬ宿やもミする音あられ
fuyu shiranu yado ya momi suru oto arare

source : itoyo/basho



竹の内滞在中のことを綴った句文
source : bashouan.com/Database


The mountain village of Nagao in the province of Yamato is not so far from the capital and thus not quite a typical "mountain village" . . .
It has the atmosphere of the "Holy Horai Mountain" of ancient China.

. hoorai 蓬莱 Buddhist mountain Horai .
a mountain in China, where people would live forever.

The farmer had built a separate room (inkyobeya 隠居部屋) for his aging mother in the back yard.

The village is located close to
. Temple Taimadera 当麻寺 .

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no winter is known
in this home - hulling rice with the sound
of hail

Tr. Gabi Greve


Written in 1684, 貞亨元年、Basho age 41.

This hokku has the cut marker YA in the middle of line 2.

. のざらし紀行 Nozarashi Kiko .
夏炉一路


Basho visited the area around Takenouchi Village 竹之内村 and Nagao 長尾.
He observed a son hulling the rice carefully to give good food to his old mother.


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- by Chris Drake


fuyu shiranu yado ya momi-suru oto arare

hail hits a house
where there are no winters --
rice-hulling sounds


This is a late autumn hokku from the middle of the 9th month (October) in 1684, when Basho was visiting someone in the Nagao area south of Nara, not far from Taima Temple, where Chujo-hime was believed to have woven her large Pure Land Mandala.

The man, a wealthy farmer, was warm-hearted and took care of his aged mother very well. He built her a small house behind the main house where she could have some privacy, and he designed a garden around her house that looked like Mt. Horai (Penglai in Chinese) on the legendary Daoist Island of Immortality located somewhere out in the eastern sea. On this island there were said to be no winters or pain, fresh fruit was always available, and an elixir of immortality could be taken. Basho says the farmer designed the garden as the closest thing possible on this earth to the island's elixir of immortality, since he wanted his mother to live many more years.

Hearing and seeing this, Basho greeted the man with the above hokku. It has irony, hyperbole, and humor. The house (actually two houses, the main house and the mother's smaller house in the garden) is so warm with human feeling that winter never really comes to it, and yet the first hail of the winter seems to be falling on it now, making quite a racket. How could this possibly be? The answer of course is that the sound isn't made by hail but is the somewhat similar loud grinding sound made by people just outside hulling rice with a stone or earthen mortar. In this way Basho praises his host more strongly by denying the opposite, telling him his house is truly a Daoist paradise on earth filled with familial love and warmth in which the closest thing to winter isn't related to winter at all: the hail-like sounds turn out to be related to the source of warm food.

The farmers just outside or perhaps in a special workroom of the house aren't beating the rice but are operating one or more advanced mortars (invented in China) in which a revolving upper grindstone has replaced the less efficient pestle used in earlier centuries.

If you scroll down to the bottom of the first site below you can see a contemporary picture from the Edo period of five farmers operating a hulling mortar with a long wooden crankshaft.


福岡・浮羽町の諏訪神社

source : syokunou.ne




stone mortar 石臼(いしうす)

The second site has a photo from the early part of the 20th century.
The mortars must have made quite a noise!
source : kamiya-e/mukasinokurasi

Chris Drake


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. Basho visiting - Hoorai san 蓬莱山 Mount Horai-San - Mikawa .


. WKD : momisuri 籾摺 hulling rice, polishing rice .
kigo for late autumn


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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17/06/2012

Horai-San temple

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- Hoorai san 蓬莱山 Mount Horai-San -

One of the three great sacred mountains of Japan. It is 1,174 meters high.

Located in Shiga prefecture, Otsu town. 滋賀県大津市



It is the second-highest mountain of the Hira sanchi 比良山地 Hira Mountain range.
source : wikipedia


hoorai 蓬莱 Buddhist mountain Horai in China, where people would live forever.
Horaisan 蓬莱山, Horaijima 蓬莱島, a mythical mountain or island of eternal youth.
'Treasure Mountain' or 'Treasure Island'



蓬莱に聞かばや伊勢の初便り 
hoorai ni kikaba ya Ise no hatsudayori
. hoorai kazari 蓬莢飾 Horai-decoration for the New Year .



冬しらぬ宿やもミする音あられ
. fuyu shiranu yado ya momi suru oto arare .
A place with has the atmosphere of the "Holy Horai Mountain" of ancient China.


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Basho at temple Horai-Ji 雲厳山蓬莱寺 in Aichi, Mikawa no Kuni, 新城 Shinshiro town
三河の国蓬莱寺
This temple was under the protection of the Tokugawa Bakufu government.
Basho visited on his trip from Otsu to Edo (Azuma kudari 東下).



source : itoyo/basho
Hooraiji 鳳来寺 Horai-Ji


夜着ひとつ祈り出して旅寝かな
yogi hitotsu inoridashite tabine kana

on Mt. Horai
Due to the blasts of the north wind, it was a cold day. Basho was troubled by his usual illness, stomach ache, and was not able to climb all the way to the top. He may already have turned back after composing his haiku at the Niomon Gate. On top of that, it happened to be the day of the temple’s festival and Basho found that all inns at the foot of the mountain were occupied.

With difficulty, he managed to secure a small room in a dingy place. There was no proper bedding, and Basho felt cold and miserable. Hakusetsu 白雪 ran up the mountain again to one of the sub-temples to borrow a padded kimono for the haiku master to keep warm during the night.
This inspired Basho to the second haiku of that day:

a padded kimono
received by prayer
sleeping on my journey

Tr. and Comment Ad Blankestijn

Written in 1691, 元禄4年10月末

. yogi 夜着 bedtime quilt .



quote
Temple Horai-ji located in Horai-cho, Aichi Prefecture.
The temple was built in 703 by the hermit Rishu. It is sacred to Yakushi-Nyorai and is venerated as a place for curing diseases by many powerful men including Takeda Shingen, a daimyo of the 16th century, and Tokugawa Ieyasu, ruler of Japan early in the 17th century.

The influence of the temple has declined since the mid-19th century, however, when the samurai rule of Japan came to an end, with the result that only the sanctuary, Nio-mon ("Deva King Gate"), bell tower, Okuno-in (inner shrine), Ko-do (small hall), and two small annexes remain today. The approach to the temple features 1,452 stone steps lined with gigantic cedar trees. The remains of the buildings and other structures here remind visitors of the prosperity of bygone days.
source : www.jnto.go.jp/eng



Mount Hooraiji san 鳳来寺山 - 684 m high



LOOK at more photos here :

芭蕉は元禄4年(1691年)閏10月23日新城在住の太田白雪に案内され、鳳来寺山に登山した。
天野桃隣・各務支考、白雪の子桃先・桃後らがこれに従った。
木枯らしの句は芭蕉がセバイシという所を通った時、即座に詠ぜられたという。
仁王門にさしかかった頃、芭蕉の持病が激しく痛み出した。一行は止むなく下山、麓の家根屋という宿屋に無理に頼んで泊めてもらった。この日は鳳来寺の秋祭りで、どの家も満員だった。あたえられたその部屋は風が吹き抜け布団もお粗末だった。弟子供は夜道を奔走し、やっと山中の一□から、夜着(掛け布団の一種)を1枚借りることが出来た。その時に作られたのが。夜着塚の句であつ□

source : hitotudakenoyama

When Basho visited with his disciples, it was just the time of the Autumn festival and every lodging and home was full with visitors. So they had a hard time to find a lodging for the ill master Basho and getting him some warm bedding for the cold night.

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sugima 杉間 through the pine trees


Basho also wrote the following hokku at this temple

木枯に岩吹きとがる杉間かな
kogarashi ni iwa fukitogaru sugima kana

by this cold gale
the rocks are sharpened
among the cedar trees . . .


元禄4年10月
This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.


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Oota Hakusetsu 太田白雪 Ota Hakusetsu from Mikawa.
太田金左衛門 Ota Kinzaemon was his real name.
(1661 - 1735) - 享保20年(1735)年6月7日
He was born the fourth son of a merchant family, dealing in rice, miso, salt, tea and other things in Shinshiro town 新城. His grandfather and father had already been haikai poets and so he was well instructed already as a boy. He left more than 200 hokku.
He lost all of his family members later in life and died alone at age 75.


source : www.city.shinshiro.lg.jp

Basho visited the Hakusetsu family in the 10th lunar month of 1691, giving his two boys a special haikai name

the elder brother 重英, age 14, was named Toosen 桃先 Tosen, "Peach the elder"
the younger brother 孝知, age 11, was named Toogoo 桃後 Togo "Peach the younger"


その匂ひ桃より白し水仙花
sono nioi momo yori shiroshi suisenka

this fragrance -
whiter than my peach
are the daffodils

Tr. Gabi Greve

In this poem, momo refers to Basho's own name, Toosei 桃青 Tosei (Green peach), and suisen refers to the two boys, 桃先、桃後 "Peach the elder, Peach the younger".
This poem is a celebration of the naming of the boys and his joy about it, which was shared with the parents of the boys.
peach (singular) for Basho
daffodils (plural) for the two boys



. momoiro suisen 桃色水仙 "peach-colored daffodil" .
kigo for spring

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source : facebook

Fudo Myo-O near the Mountain Gate of the temple

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. hoorai kazari 蓬莢飾 Horai-decoration .


. - Places visited by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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. Japanese Legends - 伝説 民話 昔話 – ABC-List .


............................................................................... Hiroshima 広島県
廿日市市 Hatsukaichi city

蓬莱山 Mount Horaisan
Around 1730, off the island 厳島 Itsukushima, there appeared 蓬莱山 Mound Horaisan in the sea.
It looked like many golden folding screens and shimmered in five colors.
Even a government official came to have a look.




................................................................................. Kyoto 京都府

. Urashima Taro 浦島太郎 .
During the time of the 21st emperor of Japan, Yūryaku 雄略天皇 Yuryaku Tenno (418 - 479) . Urashima Taro went fishing and came to 蓬莱 Horai Island, where he stayed with a princess. More than 347 years had passed before he came back.




................................................................................. Nagano 長野県

. Kyogen performance for 節分 Setsubun rituals .




................................................................................. Niigata 新潟県
佐渡市 Sado city

Sado Island has a strange form and was often called Hyotanjima 瓢箪島 "Island like a gourd".
The local people call it 蓬莱 Horai Island.

.......................................................................

- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -


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- #horai #legends -
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Hasedera, Hase-dera

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- Hasedera 長谷寺 Hase-Dera in Nara -



The temple Hasedera in Sakurai Town was built in 686 and is known for its huge statue of Kannon Bosatsu 観音菩薩.


うかりける 人をはつせの山おろしよ
はげしかれとは祈らぬものを


Ukari keru Hito o Hatsuse no Yamaoroshi yo
Hageshikare to wa Inoranu mono o

It was not for this
I prayed at the holy shrine:
That she would become
As pitiless and as cold
As the storms on Hase's hills.


74 - Minamoto no Toshiyori Ason 源俊頼朝臣
Hatsuse はつせ = Hase
Ogura Hyakunin Isshu Poems 小倉百人一首



. WKD : Temple Hasedera 長谷寺 .

. Matsuo Basho visiting Buddhist Temples .



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source : Yamada Naokimi

春の夜や籠り人ゆかし堂の隅
haru no yo ya komorido yukashi doo no sumi

this spring night -
a person mysteriously in retreat
in the temple corner

Tr. Gabi Greve


spring night—
someone in retreat, so mysterious
in a corner of the temple

Tr. Barnhill


one evening in spring
in a corner of the Hall
a mysterious suppliant

Tr. Blyth

- - - - - Comment by Blyth
This haiku was composed at Hase, in Yamato, what is now Nara Prefecture, at the temple known as Hasedera, or Kwannon Do, or Chokokuji. In the Genji Monogatari and the Tsure-zuregusa we find frequent references to pilgrimages to this temple, especially by women to the Kwannon enshrined there.
One night Basho went to the temple to worship, and looking round saw in one corner of the great hall a man or woman kneeling there in supplication before the image of Kwannon. A few candles burning here and there, the hall is full of shadows. Outside, the cherry blossoms are falling through the darkness; here in the dusk, the silent, motionless form of the suppliant...




a night in springtime:
someone hides mysteriously
in a temple corner

Tr. Chilcott


Spring 1688, at Hase 初瀬 (Hatsuse)
The temple in Hase is known from the Tales of Genji (Genji Monogatari), where ladies of the court came to pray to Kannon to find a suitable lover.

. komorido 籠人 / 籠り人 person in a retreat .


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うかれける人や初瀬の山桜
ukare-keru hito ya Hatsuse no yama-zakura
ukarekeru hito ya Hatsuse no yamazakura

people wander around
among the mountain cherry blossoms
of Hase temple


Written in 寛文7年, Basho age 24
(The word order of Basho is different, according to the Japanese language.)




This hokku refers to the waka by Minamoto no Toshiyori, introduced above.
Basho replaced the yamaoroshi wind with the mountain cherry blossoms.


..........................................................................



二日にも ぬかりはせじな 花の春
futsuka ni mo nukari haseji na hana no haru

on the second day
I won't fail:
flowering spring

Tr. Barnhill

Spring 1688


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Hoso Pass 細峠, on the road from Tafu Peak to Ryumon 竜門

雲雀より空にやすらふ峠哉
hibari yori sora ni yasurau tooge kana

higher than the lark
nesting there far in the sky,
Hoso mountain pass

Tr. Chilcott


higher than the lark
I rest in the sky
at this pass . . .

Tr. Gabi Greve

This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.
Basho has climbed quite high and was now resting, enjoying the chirping of the lark below him.
Written in 元禄一年 1688

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ほろほろと山吹散るか滝の音
. horo horo to yamabuki chiru ka taki no oto .
the sound of the waterfall

At the waterfall of Nijikoo no Taki 西河の滝 Nijiko no Taki.

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on the way to Yoshino

春雨の木下につたふ清水かな
harusame no koshita ni tsutau shimizu kana

spring rain
flowing down the tree:
the pure water spring

Tr. Barnhill



凍て解けて筆に汲み干す清水哉
ite tokete hitsu ni kumihosu shimizu kana

beginning to melt,
I soak it dry with my brush:
the pure water spring

Tr. Barnhill

This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.


another version, written in winter of 1687 貞亨4年

露凍てて筆に汲み干す清水かな
. tsuyu itete hitsu ni kumihosu shimizu kana .


dew is freezing
and with my brush I soak up
this pure water . . .

Tr. Gabi Greve

This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.

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Oi no Kobumi 笈の小文
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .



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. WKD : Temple Hasedera 長谷寺 .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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Hitomi Izumo no Kami

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- Hitomi Izumo no Kami 人見出雲守 (ひとみいづものかみ) -


Maybe a fictional character, maybe a real person.

He is supposed to have been a polisher of mirrors in Kyoto, with such a special reputation for clearness, that he could call himself

tenka ichi 天下一 one in Japan, the best in all of Japan.

hitomi 人見 "to be seen by all people"

izumo 出雲 - kumo ga deru 雲が出る "clouds come out"

He has become famous through the poem of Matsuo Basho.

Basho wanted to enjoy the full moon on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month in 1677 延宝5年 (Basho age 34).

So he called on the master polisher to clear the sky from clouds.
A typical hokku of the Danrin flavor 談林風俳句.


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今宵の月磨ぎ出せ人見出雲守
こよいのつき とぎだせひとみ いずのかみ
koyoi no tsuki togidase hitomi izu no kami
or
こよひのつきとぎだせひとみいづものかみ

the moon of tonight
please polish it to come out, Hitomi
Izunokami


The segments are 6 7 5.


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. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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14/06/2012

kasa hat of a pilgrim

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- kasa 笠 hat -

For the traveler in the Edo period, a large hat was a protection against rain and shine.

. WKD : Hat, strawhat, straw hat and more (kasa 笠) .
straw hat, sedge hat, bamboo hat, umbrella-hat, kasa
traveling hat, traveler's hat 



hinokigasa ひのき笠 "cypress hat" cypress-bark hat
pilgrim's hat, traveler's hat, made from pine bark


mino to kasa 蓑と笠 mino-raincoat and rain-hat
This is another expression used by Basho to describe the outfit of the farmers and travelers.


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There is also the kasa 傘 umbrella,
usually made from bamboo and oiled paper in the times of Basho.
. WKD : kasa 傘 umbrella (for rain or sunshine) .

いづく時雨傘を手に提げて帰る僧
. izuku shigure kasa o te ni sagete kaeru soo .


傘に押し分けみたる柳かな
. karakasa ni oshiwake mitaru yanagi kana .


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降らずとも 竹植る日は 蓑と笠
. furazu tomo take uu hi wa mino to kasa .
even if it does not rain


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市人よこの笠売らう雪の傘
ichibito yo kono kasa uroo yuki no kasa

market-shoppers!
let me sell you this hat
full of snow

Tr. Shirane

"In a comic style reminiscent of the speech of a kyoogen (comic drama) actor, the speaker offers to sell a hat piled with snow. Such a hat is priceless to the poet, who prizes snow, a major object of poetic beauty, but worthless to merchants dealing in material goods.
In a haikai-esque inversion, the useless becomes valuable."
Comment by Shirane

This haiku appears in "The Records of a Weather-exposed Skeleton"
(1684). It was written in Nagoya, where Basho attended a snow-viewing party.

Shirane, in a footnote, makes the following citation for an alternate version:

"Oi nikki" (1695, edited by Shikoo) gives the following version.

At Hoogetsu's residence

ichibito ni ide kore uran kasa no yuki

to the market shoppers
I shall go and sell this:
a hatful of snow


source : Compiled by Larry Bole



waga yuki to omoeba, karoshi kasa no ue
. Enomoto Kikaku, Takarai Kikaku 宝井其角 .



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source : itoyo/basho
memorial stone in Tokyo 東京品川泊船寺


いかめしき音や霰の檜木笠
ikameshiki oto ya arare no hinoki-gasa

so harsh
the sound - hail
on my traveler's hat

Tr. Gabi Greve

Basho listens to the sound of hail bouncing off from his hat.
This is the only hokku where he uses ikameshii, so it must have been quite frightening and special.

This hokku has the cut marker YA in the middle of line 2.

ikameshii 厳めしい solemn, stern, harsh, grave, dignified

. Nozarashi Kiko 野ざらし紀行 .
貞亨元年, 1684


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命なりわづかの笠の下涼み
. inochi nari wazuka no kasa no shita suzumi .

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笠もなきわれを時雨るるかこは何と 
kasa mo naki ware o shigururu ka ko wa nanto

no rain hat
in the winter showers?
well, well!

Tr. Barnhill

Written in 貞亨元年, Nozarashi Kiko, on the way to Atsuta.
Winter of 1684/85

He was surprized by a sleet shower on the road.
shigure 時雨 is not simply a kigo for winter, it also expresses the important "fuuryuu 風流" furyu - "poetic elegance" in Japanese poetry.

ko wa nan to - short for nan to nan to shows his great way with choosing words.



- shigure 時雨 winter drizzle, sleet -
. shigure ki 時雨忌 (しぐれき) Winter-Drizzle Anniversary
Bashō's (Death) Anniversary / Basho's Memorial Day .


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笠寺や漏らぬ岩屋も春の雨 
. Kasa-dera ya moranu iwaya mo haru no ame .
Temple Kasadera Kannon 笠寺観音 in Nagoya - with a legend about the KASA.



笠島はいづこ五月のぬかり道
. Kasajima wa izuko satsuki no nukari michi.
sometimes spelled Kasashima
Station 16 of Oku no Hosomichi



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Tree-leaves are falling,
The coloured cherry leaves are light
On my cypress hat!

Tr. Oseko


Haiku Sweets by Kikyo san
source : kikyou0123



木の葉散る桜は軽し檜木笠
konoha chiru sakura wa karushi hinokigasa

falling leaves
of the cherry trees so light
on my pilgrim's hat


Written in 1684, 貞享1年, Basho age 41

Basho is making his way into the mountains of Yoshino, usually famous for the sakura blossoms in spring.

This hokku is handed down in the family of his travel companion
. Kasuya Chiri 粕谷千里 .
Nozarashi Kiko 野ざらし紀行



. Yoshinoyama - 吉野山 .


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この海に草鞋捨てん笠時雨
此海に草鞋すてん笠しぐれ
kono umi ni waranji suten kasa shigure

I throw my straw sandals into the sea

in Atsuta at the home of
.- Hayashi Tooyoo 桐葉 Hayashi Toyo - .

. Nozarashi Kiko 野ざらし紀行 .

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今日よりや書付消さん笠の露 
. kyoo yori ya kakitsuke kesan kasa no tsuyu .

from today on. the inscription of my hat erased
Oku no Hosomichi, Natadera Station 37


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武蔵野やさはるものなき君が笠
. Musashino ya sawaru mono naki kimi ga kasa .
Musashino plain.
nothing to interfere now with your traveler's hat

for Toosan 塔山 Tosan

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年暮れぬ笠着て草鞋はきながら
. toshi kurenu kasa kite waraji hakinagara .

Basho traveling with straw sandals and his hat

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たふとさや雪降らぬ日も蓑と笠
. tootosa ya yuki furanu hi mo mino to kasa .
. . . . .when seeing the ragged image of
Ono no Komachi, Sotoba Komachi 卒都婆小町
the Beauty Komachi on a grave marker.

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鴬の笠落したる椿かな 
. uguisu no kasa otoshitaru tsubaki kana .
uguisu bush warbler drops its camellia hat



別れ端や笠手に提げて夏羽織
. wakareba ya kasa te ni sagete natsu-baori .
time to say good bye. my traveler's hat in my hand



山吹や笠に挿すべき枝の形
. yamabuki ya kasa ni sasu beki eda no nari .
I should stick a branch of the yellow mountain rose in my hat like a branch


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吉野にて桜見せうぞ檜木笠
. Yoshino nite sakura mishoo zo hinoki-gasa .
watching Cherry Blossoms in Yoshino

Here we are in Yoshino
so let us look at the cherry blossoms !
My pine-bark hat.



quote
Haibun by Yosa Buson
I do not follow the tradition [of Basho], who, when he hurried on the road to Yoshino, chanted
“I will show you the cherry flowers, cypress hat.”
I only stay at home and struggle with toils of this world. Should I do this? Should things be like that? So I think, but I fail to carry out all that I have planned earlier. In the end, even though the examples of [people] losing interest in landscape, birds and flowers are the common state of the world, I feel as if I am the only one so stupid, and I am ashamed to see others.

Cherry blossom fallen;
in its own darkness –
cypress hat


Yahan (signature of Yosa Buson)

source : Chen-ou Liu


花散りて身の下闇や檜の木笠
hana chirite mi no shitayami ya hinokigasa

blossoms have fallen -
in its own shadow
my cypress hat

Tr. Ueda

The cut marker YA is at the end of line 2.

. WKD : Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .


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Hosomichi - his outfit
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


. WKD : Hat, strawhat and more (kasa 笠) .
straw hat, sedge hat, bamboo hat, umbrella-hat, kasa 


. Hinoki cypress - Chamaecyparis obtusa .   


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .


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05/06/2012

tootoi holy, respectful

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- tootoi とうとい尊い / 貴い holy, noble respectful -
tōtoi, with awe
tootosa, tattosa 貴さよ how noble, how inspiring

This is an expression difficult to translate.

sonkei そんけい【尊敬】respect, esteem

gijin きじん【貴人】 a nobleman


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あらたふと青葉若葉の日の光
. ara tooto aoba wakaba no hi no hikari .

It was with awe
That I beheld
Fresh leaves, green leaves,
Bright in the sun.

Tr. Nobuyuki Yuasa


Nikko was the 5th station on Basho's travel to the deep North of Japan.

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source : itoyo/basho


尊がる涙や染めて散る紅葉
tootogaru namida ya somete chiru momiji

my respectful
tears - coloring
the falling red leaves



Written on the 30 day of September or first of October in 1691 元禄4年, Basho age 48.

This is a greeting hokku for the head priest Ryu of temple Menshooji 明照寺 Mensho-Ji in Hikone at Hirata 彦根の平田.

Koono Ryu 河野李由 Kono Ryu Kono Michitaka
(1662 - 1705, 22th day of the sixth lunar month)
He was the head priest in the 14th generation of this famous temple. He had visited Basho during his stay at Rakushisha 落柿舎, the hermitage of Kyorai in Kyoto, to become his disciple.
He died at age 44.
Priest Ryu had built two memorial stones with the hokku of Basho, on a hill of the temple compond called "Kasazuka" 笠塚 (straw hat mound), where he later buried the straw hat of Basho given to him as a memento of the master.






Myoohoozan Menshooji 妙法山明照寺 Mensho-Ji (also Meisho-Ji)
Temple of the Jodo Shinshu, built in 1393 by the priest Yuukai 祐海 Yukai.


This hokku has the cut marker YA in the middle of line 2.

Another hokku by Basho written during this visit,
when observing an old woman threashing rice:

. ine koki no uba mo medetashi kiku no hana .

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Another hokku from temple Mensho-Ji - 元禄4年10月

It has the foreword:
This temple has been moved here from 平田 Hirata village about 100 years ago. The old temple records quote:
竹樹密に、土石老いたり
bamboo and trees grow thickly, earth and rocks have become old.
This is indeed an old forest and I a deeply moved by its appearance.


source : itoyo/basho

百歳の気色を庭の落葉かな
momo tose no keshiki o niwa no ochiba kana / momotose

A hundred-year-old landscape -
In the garden
Fallen leaves.

Tr. Takafumi Saito


The old aspect of
A hundred years, discernible by
Heaped fallen leaves

Tr. Ooseko


A hundred years'
landscape in the garden's
fallen leaves kana

Tr. Helen Shigeko Isaacson


hundreds of years / one hundred years
of the view of this garden
with fallen leaves . . .

Tr. Gabi Greve


This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.

momotose can indicate 100 years of age or symbolize the passing of time and seasons in general.


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source : www.erizen.co.jp
by Sadahide 玉蘭斎貞秀 (Utagawa Sadahide) (1807 - 1879)



尊さに皆おしあひぬ御遷宮
tootosa ni mina oshi-ainu gosenguu

For holiness,
Everyone has pushed others in the crowd.
The Shrine Removal !

Tr. Oseko


Written on the 13th day of the 9th lunar month in 1689
元禄2年9月13日

After finishing his travels in Oku, he went to see this ceremony at the Grand Shrine at Ise.
One ceremony of the Inner Shrine had already ended on the 10th day of the 9th lunar month, but he was able to see the one of the Outer Shrine on the 13th day.



Ise gosenguu 伊勢御遷宮 transposition of the shrine's sanctuary
. . . . . gosenguu 御遷宮(ごせんぐう)Gosengu Ceremony
observance kigo for mid-autumn

This takes plase every 20 years, started more than 1300 years ago.
The shrine buildings at the Naiku and Geku, as well as the Uji Bridge, are rebuilt every 20 years. This is part of the Shinto belief of the death and renewal of nature and the impermanence of all things (wabi-sabi). It is also an opportunity to pass on building techniques from one generation to the next.
The next rebuilding of Ise Shrine is due in 2013.

. WKD : Ise Grand Shrine 伊勢神宮 Ise Jingu .


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たふとさや雪降らぬ日も蓑と笠
. tootosa ya yuki furanu hi mo mino to kasa .

so respectful !
even on the day when it does not snow
a mino-raincoat and a rain-hat


. . . . .when seeing the ragged image of
Ono no Komachi, Sotoba Komachi 卒都婆小町 the Beauty Komachi on a grave marker.


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tootoi, tattoi 尊─・貴─

稲妻にさとらぬ人の貴さよ
. inazuma ni satoranu hito no tattosa yo .
(autumn) lightning. no enlightenment. how admirable


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