Showing posts with label Z - KIGO. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Z - KIGO. Show all posts

19/07/2012

fuyugomori - winter seclusion

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- fuyugomori 冬篭り winter confinement, winter isolation, wintering -
fuyukomori, fuyu komori - hibernation; staying indoors during winter

In rural Japan, especially in the Northern areas along the coast of the Sea of Japan, the winter is long and brings enormous amounts of snow. There was nothing much to do that sit back and wait it out. The farmhouses where difficult to heat and the family huddled around the hearth (irori) in the kitchen. It was a tough time to live through with great endurance.

Animals like bears sleep through the whole cold season, also called fuyugomori.

sashikomoru さしこもる【鎖し籠もる】- To keep the doors and windows shut and stay indoors.
- - - - - tojikomoru 閉じこもる 閉じ籠もる】 - rookyo suru 籠居(ろうきょ)する
It could be done in any season, but in winter the home was kept closed to keep out the cold.

The history of the futon in the Edo period - keeping warm with what you have ...

. WKD : fuyugomori, fuyu-gomori 冬篭り winter seclusion .


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さし籠る葎の友か冬菜売り
さしこもる葎の友かふゆなうり

sashikomoru mugura no tomo kabuna uri

Staying indoors, the only friend
At the house of the bedstraw is
The vendor of winter greens!

Tr. Oseko Toshiharu

- - - - -

are you a companion
to those creepers secluded away?
winter vegetable seller
trans. Barnhill

Barnhill's comment:
Winter: winter greens. 1688-89. Basho is living in winter seclusion, with no visitors and his hut covered with creepers. Farmers would walk around selling the meager winter vegetables, such as Chinese cabbage. A scene of a someone living secluded in humble circumstances.

- - - - -

staying indoors
the only friend of bedstraw
a vendor of greens

trans. Reichhold

Reichhold's comment:
1688--winter. Bedstraw, also called goosegrass ('Galium spium'), was used to stuff mattresses for the poor. In winter, Basho has two reliable friends to keep him well, and both were green plants.


Is Reichhold suggesting that Basho's futon is stuffed with bedstraw?
And that Basho is using "bedstraw" as a figure of speech to mean himself?

Ah, if only Basho had used 'fuyugomori' (winter seclusion) instead of 'sashikomoru' (staying indoors), it would make the translation somewhat easier, in my opinion. "Staying indoors" begs the question of who is staying indoors. Barnhill cleverly works around this by saying it's the creepers that are "secluded away." I think we are to take it to mean that Basho is identifying himself with the creepers.

And I would use "peddler" rather than "vendor," since vendors can have stalls, and don't necessarily sell their wares going door-to-door.
. . Discussion by Larry Bole


. . . . .


From the haiku of Basho we can see him at age 45, buy some greens and prepare his meager meal all by himself. The peddler was the only person he had seen and talked to in quite a while. His home, overgrown with mugura cleaver weeds, had just this one friend who came by once in a while.
Written in 元禄元年, Basho age 45(雪まろげ)yuki maroge collection


WKD - mugura 葎 (むぐら) cleavers .   

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Basho used "sashikomoru" again in a three-link sequence he wrote with Kyoriku and Ranran in 1692:

kangiku no tonari mo ari ya ike daikon - (Kyoriku)

Right there! Near
the winter chrysanthemums--
a buried radish.



fuyu sashikomoru hokusoo no susu - (Basho)

Kept in during the winter --
soot on my northern window.



tsuki mo naki yoi kara uma o tsurete kite - (Ranran)

There's no moon--
last night, I came here
driving a horse.

trans. Pei Pei Qiu


In the Cold Parts of Northern Japan where it snows a lto, here is a seasonal custom concerning the window and protecting it from the cold winds of the area by adding strong wooden plates.
. WKD : kitamado fusagu 北窓塞ぐ closing the North window .
kigo for early winter

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まづ祝へ梅を心の冬籠り
先祝へ梅を心の冬籠り
mazu iwae ume o kokoro no fuyu-gomori

Anyway celebrate I will
This winter hibernation
With apricot blossoms in my heart.

Tr. Takafumi Saito

Written in 貞亨4年, Basho age 44 - Nozarashi Kikoo 野ざらし紀行

Matsuo Basho for his disciple Tsuboi Tokoku 坪井杜国, Nagoya.
Tokoku had been put in exile for a crime he did not even commit. So if he would stay in hiding maybe next spring things will turn out better.


. - Tsuboi Tokoku 坪井杜国 - .

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冬籠りまた寄りそはんこの柱
冬籠りまたよりそはん此の柱
fuyugomori mata yorisowan kono hashira

Winter hibernation
Against this pillar
I'll snuggle once again.

Tr. Saito / Nelson



locked in for the winter -
again I'll be nestling close
to this post

Tr. Ueda


- - - - -

Winter seclusion -
once again I snuggle up
against this pillar


This haiku is thought to be derived from a poem by Po Chu I :

In my leisurely life
again I lean against this post


- Tr. and comment by Bill Wyatt

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金屏の松の古さよ冬籠り
. kinbyoo no matsu no furusa yo fuyugomori .
a golden folding screen with an old pine



屏風には山を画書いて冬籠り
屏風には山を絵書て冬籠
. byoobu ni wa yama o egaite fuyu-gomori .
a mountain painted on a folding screen

and more hokku by Basho about golden folding screens.

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難波津や田螺の蓋も冬ごもり
. Naniwazu ya tanishi no futa mo fuyugomori .

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折々に伊吹を見ては冬籠り
ori ori ni / Ibuki o mite wa / fuyu-gomori

Written in 元禄4年, Basho age 48.
At the home of Miyazaki Keikoo 宮崎荊口 and his second son, Sensen 千川 in Ogaki.
Mount Ibukiyama can be seen from there.


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fuyugare 冬枯れ withering of plants in winter


冬枯れや 世は一色に 風の音
fuyugare ya yo wa isshoku ni kaze no oto

Winter solitude —
In a world of one color
the sound of wind.

Basho, Tr. Robert Hass

- - - - Part of a comment by Robert Hass:
There may be a tension between “color” and “wind.” The “world” is one color. It isn’t cold, it isn’t necessarily earth or nature frosted over. It is simply one color. This seems to imply there is one unchangeable object. That object may be perceiver and perceived. The wind moves. It produces sound. We know that sound is not a steady drone.

Change resides in what seemed static being. There may be a physiological explanation for “winter solitude.” The sun doesn’t shine as much, certain chemicals don’t get produced, we feel down. Any such explanation does injustice to “solitude.” Your loneliness is not another’s: we’re all different. We’re lonely inasmuch we are individuals. That solitude, like winter itself, has seeds of change within. The sound of wind betokens a world with many colors and the communication of the poem itself.
source : www.ashokkarra.com


The Japanese is not "winter solitude" but "withering in winter" of plants.
. fuyugare 冬枯れ winter withering .



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. WKD : fuyugomori 冬篭り winter seclusion .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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17/07/2012

hototogisu little cuckoo

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- hototogisu 郭公 / ほととぎす -

This is one of the classical season words, used in the poetry of the Heian period.
Basho sometimes uses the word and adds a new twist, closer to the normal life of the normal people of his Edo.

hototogisu can be written with many Chinese characters:
ほととぎす【時鳥/子規/杜鵑/不如帰/郭公】

Basho uses the Chinese characters 郭公, which was common during the Heian period.
But now is often pronounced kakkoo, Japanese cuckoo, which is a different bird, Cuculus canorus.


. WKD : hototogisu ホトトギス, 時鳥 .
Little Cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalis


Sometimes, even the bush warbler (uguisu 鶯) and the little cuckoo (hototogisu) get mixed up.






under construction
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曙はまだ紫にほととぎす
akebono wa / mada murasaki ni / hototogisu


冬牡丹千鳥よ雪のほととぎす
fuyu botan / chidori yo yuki no / hototogisu


ほととぎす今は俳諧師なき世哉
. hototogisu ima wa haikaishi naki yo kana .
(summer) little cuckoo. now a world without haikai masters


時鳥鰹を染めにけりけらし
. hototogisu katsuo o some ni keri kerashi .
(summer) little cuckoo. skipjack sashimi


ほととぎす消え行く方や島一つ
. hototogisu kieyuku kata ya shima hitotsu .
(summer) little cuckoo. it disappears. a single island

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郭公声横たふや水の上
hototogisu koe yokotau ya mizu no ue

cuckoo:
its call stretching out
across the water

Tr. Barnhill


sound of a cuckoo
whose cry now is stretching out
across the water

Tr. Chilcott


hototogisu––
the shriek lies stretched
across the water

Tr. Ueda

The cut marker YA is at the end of line 2.

Written in summer 1693   元禄六年四月二十九日.
Basho had gotten the news that his nephew and adopted son Toin had died. Basho was very shocked and vowed not to write about the hototogisu any more. His friends Sunpu and Sora tried to help him overcome his sorrow
愁情なぐさめばやと、杉風、曽良、水辺之ほとゝぎすとて、更ニすゝむるにまかせて


Basho also wrote

一声の江に横たふやほとゝぎす
hito-koe no e ni yokotau ya hototogisu

a single call
comes across the inlet -
hototogisu

Tr. Gabi Greve

Basho was referring to a poem by Su Dongpo, Su Dungpo 蘇東坡 (So Toba そ とうば)

白露江ニ横タハリ / 白露江に横たはる

“The gleaming water extends to heaven,
and the white mist lies stretched across the water.”


“White mist lay across the water;
the light from the water reached the sky. .”

source : afe.easia.columbia.edu/song


quote
..... which strongly suggests that the lingering sound of the hototogisu echoes the vanishing spirit of the dead youth.
Shirane, Traces of Dreams


. Matsuo Basho - His nephew Tooin 桃印 Toin, To-In - .
(?1661 - 1693)

doobutsu no koe 動物の声 - a difficult expression to translate:
The voices of animals used by Basho -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


- Japanese Reference -

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郭公招くか麦のむら尾花
hototogisu / maneku ka mugi no / mura obana

時鳥正月は梅の花咲けり
hototogisu / matsuki wa ume no / hana sakeri


ほととぎす鳴く鳴く飛ぶぞ忙はし
hototogisu / naku naku tobu zo / isogawashi
so busy!


杜鵑鳴く音や古き硯箱
. hototogisu naku ne ya furuki suzuri-bako / suzuribako .
(summer) little cuckoo. old inkstone box

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ほととぎす鳴くや五尺の菖草
hototogisu naku ya go shaku no ayamegusa

hototogisu
cries –– a blade of iris
five feet tall

Tr. Ueda


the Hototogisu
is calling - some iris
of five Shaku hight

Tr. Gabi Greve



This hokku is a version of a poem from the Kokin Shu 古今集 collection, by an unknown author.

ほととぎす鳴くや五月のあやめぐさ あやめも知らぬ恋もするかな
hototogisu naku ya gogatsu no ayamegusa ayame mo shiranu koi mo suru kana

Basho has only changed the gogatsu to goshaku.

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ほととぎす大竹薮を漏る月夜
. hototogisu ootakeyabu o moru tsukiyo .
(summer) little cuckoo. bamboo, moon night



ほととぎす裏見の滝の裏表
. hototogisu Urami no Taki no ura omote .
(summer) little cuckoo. Urami no Taki waterfall (Nikko). back and front



烏賊売の声まぎらはし杜宇
. ika uri no koe magirawashi hototogisu .
(summer) squid vendor. hardly distinguishable. hototogisu. his voice


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source : itoyo/basho


清く聞かん耳に香焼いて郭公
kiyoku kikan mimi ni koo taite hototogisu

the clear sound
of burning incense near the ear
hototogisu


天和3年, Basho age 40
koo o kiku, to "listen to incense" had become fashionable in the Genroku period.


The Way of Incense 香道 
As in the analogous tea ceremony, various instruments (many of them made of gold or silver) were called for. Diverse formalities were developed and a proper name for the activity was created: kodo.
Eventually even the act of smelling became too common.
Instead one "listened" to incense. (koo o kiku 香を聞く)
. WKD : Incense, O-Koo お香 .


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木隠れて茶摘みも聞くやほととぎす
. kogakurete chatsumi mo kiku ya hototogisu .
(spring) picking tea leaves. to hear. hototogisu


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京にても京なつかしやほととぎす
. Kyoo ni te mo Kyoo natsukashi ya hototogisu .
Kyoo nite mo
(summer) little cuckoo, longing for Kyoto



待たぬのに菜売りに来たか時鳥
matanu no ni / na uri ni kita ka / hototogisu
vendor of leaves for food


野を横に馬牽きむけよほととぎす
. no o yoko ni uma hikimuke yo hototogisu .
(summer) little cuckoo, horse


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落ち来るや高久の宿の郭公
ochikuru ya Takaku no shuku no hototogisu

falling from high above -
at a Takaku lodging,
cuckoo

Tr. Barnhill

Oku no Hosomichi, Station 6 - Nasu 那須


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しばし間も待つやほととぎす千年
shibashi ma mo matsu ya hototogi su sennen
shibashi ma mo matsu ya hototogisu sennen

I wait only for a short while
for the hototogisu - it feels
like some thousand years


This is an allusion to the Chinese poet Li Po (701-762)

白髪三千丈

My white hair is three thousand joo 丈 long.
The waterfall falls down three thousand feet.


(One 丈 is about 3 meters).


Written in 1666 寛文7年, Basho age 24.
This poem has a particular meter, with the cut marker YA in the middle of line 2 and the structure 5 8 4, if HOTOTOGISU is seen as one word.

matsu, to wait, is also a pun with the auspicious 1000 year old pine, sennen no matsu 千年の松.
quite a few places, temples and shrines, have such a long-living pine.
hototogi susennen, ほととぎ 数千年 the bird - a few thousand years suu sennenn 数千年.
Basho is still experimenting with the hokku form.

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須磨の海士の矢先に鳴くか郭公
. Suma no ama yasaki ni naku ka hototogisu .
(summer) little cuckoo. fisherman as Suma


田や麦や中にも夏のほととぎす
. ta ya mugi ya naka ni mo natsu no hototogisu .
(summer) hototogisu in summer. fields. barley.


橘やいつの野中の郭公
tachibana ya / itsu no nonaka no / hototogisu


戸の口に宿札名乗れほととぎす
. to no kuchi ni yadofuda nanore hototogisu .
at the front entrance, hand out your visitor sign (yado fuda 宿札)


鳥刺も竿や捨てけんほととぎす
torisashi mo / kasa ya suteken / hototogisu



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. WKD : hototogisu ホトトギス, 時鳥 .
Little Cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalis


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .


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hanami - cherry blossom viewing

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- hanami 花見 cherry-blossom viewing -

Viewing cherry blossoms was one of the enjoyments of spring.
Basho and his haikai friends had a lot of fun and drinks under the blossoms.

. WKD : Cherry blossoms (sakura 桜) .




Famous Hanami spots in Edo 花見の名所!
source : rnavi.ndl.go.jp/kaleido


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景清も花見の座には七兵衛
. Kagekiyo mo hanami no za ni wa Shichihyooe / Shichibyōe .

Taira no Kagekiyo 平景清 (? - 1196) Samurai
also known as Kazusa no Shichirō (上総 七郎), was a samurai of the Taira clan who took part in the Genpei War of Japan, against the Minamoto clan.


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京は九万九千くんじゆの花見哉
. Kyoo wa kuman kusen kunju no hanami kana .
Hanami in Kyoto


草枕まことの花見しても来よ
. kusamakura makoto no hanami shite mo koyo .
for Yasomura Rotsuu 八十村路通 Rotsu -

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花見にとさす船おそし柳原
hanami ni to sasu fune ososhi Yanagihara やなぎはら

for cherry blossom viewing
the boat proceeds so leisurely
along Yanagiwara embankment



柳原 Yanagiwara
The banks of the river Kandagawa 神田川, called Yanagiwara dote 柳原土手, were a famous flower-viewing spot in Edo. Located between the bridge of Asakusa (浅草橋) and Sujikai(筋違橋) for about 1.1 km.
Even in the Edo period it was a well-loved place for a boat ride.

Written in 1694 元禄7年. A greeting poem for his host, Toodo Genko 藤堂玄虎, a samurai living in the Edo compound of Todo Han from Iga 藤堂藩上屋敷 along the Yanagiwara riverside.
His name was Watanabe Choobei 渡辺長兵衛 Watanabe Chobei



藤堂長兵衛守壽 / 長兵衛守寿(俳号玄虎)Todo Genko
and two more poems by Basho during a meeting with Genko :

風色やしどろに植ゑし庭の秋
. kazairo ya shidoro ni ueshi niwa no aki .

もののふの大根苦しき話哉
. mononofu no daikon nigaki hanashi kana .


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四つごきのそろはぬ花見心哉
. yotsu goki no sorowanu hanami gokoro kana .  

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hanagoromo 花衣 robes for cherry-blossom viewing

きてもみよ甚べが羽織花ごろも
kite mo miyo jinbe ga haori hanagoromo .
jinbe, jinbei - light summer robe


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hanamori 花守 warden of the cherry trees, blossom guard


source : itoyo/basho

一里はみな花守の子孫かや 
hitozato wa mina hanamori no shison kana

the whole country
everyone claims descent from
that blossom guard

Tr. Robin D. Gill

source : books.google.co.jp
Read the story about the eightfold sakura (yaezakura) from temple Kofuji-Ji to be transferred to Kyoto and the protest of this action.
興福寺の八重桜を京の都に移植しようとしたところ . . . and empress Fujiwara no Shooshi 藤原彰子

Written in 1690 元禄3年春 at Hanagaki no sho 花垣の庄 in Mie, Yono. Basho age 47.


source and more photos : www.7kamado.net/hanagaki.

Hanagaki Jinja 花垣神社 Hanagaki Shrine in Yono, Mie prefecture
三重県伊賀市予野194


quote
Hanagaki Shrine
The God in the Hanagaki-jinja shrine was the god of the Hattori family. Hattori Hanzo Masanari, who was said to be a great Ninja and served under Tokugawa Ieyasu (who opened the Edo government and ruled Japan), was from Yono. Todo Uneme, a manager of the Todo clan in Iga, was also from Yono. The Hattori family maintained the shrine very carefully. Yono used to be ruled by the Kofuku-ji temple in Nara since ancient times.
Hanagaki-jinja shrine has a very old legend.
One day, Shoshi, a princess in the Heian period (794-1192) went through Hanagaki-jinja shrine. The cherry blossoms around the shrine were so beautiful that she wanted them very much and ordered her retainers to bring them back, but the villagers were very angry and violent. She gave up them and understood that the villagers loved the cherry blossoms. She eventually presented for a flower guard and gave the villagers money.

When Matsuo Basho visited Yono, he wrote a poem about Hanagaki-jinja shrine.
(All the villagers were the decendants of cherry blossom guards:
This means every villager in Yono loves the cherry blossoms of Hangaki-jinja shrine.)
source : igabito/ninja_map

. Hattori Hanzo 服部半蔵 .

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hana no yado 花の宿 lodging with cherry blossoms

花を宿に始め終りや廿日ほど
. hana no yado ni hajime owari ya hatsuka hodo .

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sakuragari 桜狩 "hunting for cherry blossoms"
usually in mountainous regions, looking for mountain cherrry trees.


思ひ立つ木曽や四月の桜狩り / 思ひ出す木曾や四月の桜狩
. omoitatsu Kiso ya shigatsu no sakuragari .
hunting for cherry blossoms in Kiso in the fourth month (written in the third lunar month).



似あはしや豆の粉めしにさくら狩
似合はしや豆の粉飯に桜狩り
. nitsukawashi ya mame no komeshi ni sakuragari .
niawashi ya mame no ko meshi ni sakura-gari
mame no ko meshi is cooked rice sprinkled with kinako bean powder (kinako meshi きな粉飯), which can be formed to musubi rice balls. This is simple but nurishing food for the very poor.





source : blogs.yahoo.co.jp/yan1123jp

桜狩奇特や日々に五里六里
桜狩り奇特や日々に五里六里
桜狩きとくや日々に五里六里
櫻狩り きどくや日々に五里六里
sakuragari kidoku ya hibi ni go ri roku ri
sakura-gari kitoku ya hibi ni go ri roku ri


cherry blossom viewing:
admirable it is to walk
ten or twelve miles a day

Tr. Barnhill



hunting for cherry blossoms
how praiseworthy! - every day walking
for five Ri, six Ri

Tr. Gabi Greve


元禄一年, Basho age 45. - The cut marker YA is in the middle of line 2.
In memory of Saigyo, who loved the cherry blossoms so much, and probably with his disciple Tokoku 杜国 he walked around in Kii peninsula 紀伊半島.
In Nara at temple Sakurai-Ji 奈良県五條市 桜井寺 there is a memorial stone.

One RI 里 is about 4 kilometers or a bit more than two miles.

- - on the same occasion
日は花に暮てさびしやあすならふ -   扇にて酒くむかげやちる櫻

Oi no Kobumi 笈の小文
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


In Memory of priest Saigyo.
.  Basho and Saigyo 芭蕉と西行法師 .


. - Numbers used by Matsuo Basho - .

. - Tsuboi Tokoku 坪井杜国 - .


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世に盛る花にも念仏申しけり 
. yo ni sakaru hana ni mo nebutsu mooshikeri / mōshikeri .
(spring) cherry blossoms. to them the Nembutsu Amida prayer

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. shoogi, shōgi 将棋 Shogi generals' chess. .

Matsuo Basho liked to play the game too and wrote two poems about it:

山桜将棊の盤も片荷かな
yamazakura shoogi no ban mo katani kana

mountain cherry blossoms -
half of the luggage carried
is the Shogi board . . .


(Maybe he had carried the tools for Hanami on a pole over the shoulder, and one half (katani) was the Shogi board game.

夏の夜や下手の将棋の一二番
natsu no yo ya heta no shoogi no ichi ni ban

this summer night -
an unskillful Shogi player's
first and second strike



from the collection 諸国象戯作物集 of 1700
The poems might have been written by 八段建部和歌夫.
There is anoother poem by Basho in a 連句 Renku

8th poem by 東藤 Todo
一輪咲し芍薬の花
- followed by Basho
棋の工夫二日とぢたる目を明て

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. WKD : Cherry blossoms (sakura 桜) .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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hotaru - fireflies

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- hotaru 蛍 (ほたる) firefly, fireflies -

Their appearance along rivers of Japan brings a romantic, poetic feeling to all who watch them. And it did not cost the farmers a penny to go out and enjoy them.
There are more than 40 different types of fireflies known in Japan.


The mention of "fireflies" in the haikai times of Basho also referred to the "hot buttocks" of the young men and their love-life.

. nanshoku、danshoku 男色 homosexuality in Edo .



Kono Bairei (1844-1895)



. WKD : hotaru 蛍 firefly, fireflies .
Luciola lateralis. Glühwürmchen; Leuchtkäfer - kigo for mid-summer

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source : chiyopro/okuno-in


愚に暗く茨を掴む蛍かな
gu ni kuraku ibara o tsukamu hotaru kana


foolishly, in the dark,
he grabs a thorn:
hunting fireflies

Tr. Barnhill


quote
a fool in the dark
grabs a bramble -
firefly hunt


Kuraku, as in the Enlish word "dark", can mean either physical or metaphorical darkness.

Read more by Ueda, Bashō and His Interpreters
source : http://books.google.co.jp


foolishly in the darkness
I grab a thorn
hunting for fireflies . . .

Tr. Gabi Greve

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.
Basho seems to make fun of his own foolishness. He should know better than grabbing into the darkness . . .
He is also referring to all people who fool themselves with shallow knowledge . . .

Written in 延宝9年(天和元年), Basho age 38.


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. hotarumi ya sendoo yoote obotsukana .
(summer) Hotaru fireflies from Seta. drunken boatsman


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蛍火の昼は消えつつ柱かな
hotaru-bi no / hiru wa kie tsutsu / hashira kana

. hotarubi no hiru wa kie-tsutsu hashira kana .
At Hiraizumi, where the pillars of the Golden Hall are loosing some chippings of the gold foil, shimmering like fireflies.


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. koko hotaru tagoto no tsuki to kurabeken .
(summer) fireflies. each field. moonlight, to compare


. kono hotaru tagoto no tsuki ni kurabemin .
(autumn) moon. reflected in each paddy. fireflies (from Seta)

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source : www.garitto.com/product


草の葉を落つるより飛ぶ蛍かな 
kusa no ha o otsuru yori tobu hotaru kana

falling from
a grass blade, and flying away:
a firefly

Tr. Barnhill


The hotaru disappears from the clumps of grass
to immediately reappear in the distance.

Tr. Sanm Sasaki - Chado: The Way of Tea


from a blade of grass
a firefly falls and then
flies away . . .

Tr. Gabi Greve


The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.


....................................................................................................................................................

. me ni nokoru Yoshino o Seta no hotaru kana .
(summer) fireflies from Seta, Lake Biwa. Yoshino

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Here is a linked verse "己が光" (Ono ga hikari - をのが光 ) from the Summer of 1962, as reported by Shayo:


己が火を木々に蛍や花の宿
ono ga hi o kigi ni hotaru ya hana no yado
- Basho 芭蕉

With their own light,
fireflies turning trees
into blossom-viewing inns.

Tr. Robin D Gill



蛍見や鯉も胴うつ五間の間  
hotarumi ya koi mo doo utsu gokan no ma
- Shayo 車庸

Written in the summer of 1690 元禄3年夏, at Ishiyama.
- another source dates it to
in 1692 元禄5年夏


. Shioe Shayoo 潮江車要 Shayo .


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. WKD : hotaru 蛍 firefly, fireflies .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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Hatsumono first things

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- First Things, New Things 初物 hatsumono -

"First things" were important to the haikai poets of the Edo period, since they carried a lot of "wabi and sabi" with their limited appearance only once in a year.

Many "First things" belong to the season of the first lunar month, now mostly the New Year.
But
There are many other New and First activities and things throughout the year.

First things often start with HATSU ...
or end in .... SOME / ZOME.
There is also .... HAJIME for the first time

. WKD : First Things, New Things .

The first katsuo skipjack of the season was one of the most expensive delicacies in Edo.
Even Basho wrote a hokku about it.





目に青葉 山ほととぎす初かつお
me ni aoba yama hototogisu hatsu katsuo

green leaves to look at
hototogisu in the mountains
first Katsuo skipjack


Yamaguchi Sodoo 山口素堂 Sodo
(1642 - 1716)
He was a disciple of Basho

under construction
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- - - - - hatsu 初 - - - - -

千鳥立ち更け行く初夜の日枝颪
. chidori tachi fuke-yuku shoya no hieoroshi .
shoya (soya) 初夜 , lit. "first night", refers to the "double-hour of the dog" 戌の刻, now about 9 in the evening.
It can also mean the "first night" of a newly-wedded couple.



初秋や畳みながらの蚊屋の夜着
. hatsu aki ya tataminagara no kaya no yogi .
first sign of autumn.
Basho uses his folded mosquito net as a blanket.


初秋や海も青田の一みどり
. hatsu aki ya umi mo aota mo hito midori .
(autumn) autumn begins. the sea and the fields one shade of green


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- - - - - There is a proverb
hatusmono nanajuu gonichi 初物75日 / "初物七十五日"

"If you eat a "first thing",
your life will be prolonged for 75 days.



初花に命七十五年ほど
hatsu hana ni inochi nanajuu gonen hodo
hatsu hana ni / inochi shichi jū / go nen hodo

from these first blossoms
I will gain at least
seventy-five years


Written in 延宝6年, Basho age 35

Basho must be looking at some really beautiful cherry blossoms.
Or maybe he is joking about the relationship with the young ladies ?





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初真桑四つにや断たん輪に切らん
. hatsu makuwa yotsu ni ya tatan wa ni kiran .
hatsu makuwa yotsu no ya kiran wa ni kiran
(summer) first Makuwa melon. cut it in quarters? or round slices?


初時雨猿も小蓑を欲しげなり
. hatsu shigure saru mo komino o hoshige nari .
(winter) winter drizzle, monkey, straw coat. - first from Sarumino 猿蓑


初時雨初の字を我が時雨哉
. hatsu shigure hatsu no ji o waga shigure kana .
(winter) first winter drizzle. the character "first".


初霜や菊冷え初むる腰の綿
. hatsu shimo ya kiku hie somuru koshi no wata .
(autumn) chrysanthemums. first frost. cotton wrapper around my hip


初茸やまだ日数経ぬ秋の露
. hatsutake ya mada hikazu henu aki no tsuyu .
(autumn) first mushrooms. few days have passed. dew in autumn


初午に狐の剃りし頭哉
. hatsu-uma ni kitsune no sorishi atama kana .
(New Year) First Day of the Horse. a fox shaved your head
for Zekitsu 是橘



- - - - - - - - - - hatsu yuki, hatsuyuki 初雪 first snow - - - - -

初雪に兎の皮の髭作れ
. hatsu yuki ni usagi no kawa no hige tsukure .
(winter) first snow. rabbit, fur. beard


初雪や聖小僧の笈の色
. hatsuyuki ya hijiri kozoo no oi no iro .
(winter) first snow. mendicant monk. color of his backpack


初雪やいつ大仏の柱立て
. hatsu yuki ya itsu Daibutsu no hashira date .
(winter) first snow. Daibutsu temple, Nara. erect new columns


初雪や懸けかかりたる橋の上
. hatsu yuki ya kakekakaritaru hashi no ue .
(winter) first snow. on the bridge under construction - The Great Bridge of Fukagawa 深川大橋


初雪や幸ひ庵にまかりある
. hatsu yuki ya saiwai an ni makariaru .
(winter) first snow. luckily. I am in my own hut.


初雪や水仙の葉のたわむまで
. hatsuyuki ya suisen no ha no tawamu made .
(winter) first snow. enough to bend the daffodils


初桜折しも今日はよき日なり
. hatsuzakura orishi mo kyoo wa yoki hi nari .
(spring) first cherry blossom. today is a good day
at Iga Ueno 伊賀上野, temple Yakushi-Ji


蓬莱に聞かばや伊勢の初便り
. hoorai ni kikabaya Ise no hatsudayori .
hōrai ni / kikabaya Ise no / hatsu dayori
(New Year) Horai decoration and first news. I would like to hear.


鎌倉を生きて出でけん初鰹
. Kamakura o ikite ideken hatsugatsuo .
(summer) first katsuo skipjack bonito. town of Kamakura. to be alive

顔に似ぬ発句も出でよ初桜
. kao ni ninu hokku mo ideyo hatsu zakura .
(spring) first cherry blossoms, my face, Hokku

この梅に牛も初音と鳴きつべし
. kono ume ni ushi mo hatsune to nakitsu beshi .
(spring) plum blossoms. an oxen might shout his first moo


今日ばかり人も年寄れ初時雨
. kyoo bakari hito mo toshiyore hatsushigure .
(winter) first winter drizzle. just today. growing older.


めづらしや山を出羽の初茄子
. mezurashi ya yama o Dewa no hatsu nasubi .
(summer) Minden eggplants from Dewa, How special!


咲き乱す桃の中より初桜
. saki midasu momo no naka yori hatsu-zakura / hatsuzakura .
(spring) first cherry blossoms. peach blossoms everywhere.


芹焼きや裾輪の田井の初氷
. seriyaki ya susowa no ta-i no hatsu goori . seri yaki ya
(winter) first ice. dropwort (Japanese parsley). irrigation pond


初春まづ酒に梅売る匂ひかな
. shoshun mazu sake ni ume uru nioi kana .
New Year, sake and plum blossoms



旅人と我が名呼ばれん初時雨
. . . . . tabibito to waga na yobaren hatsu shigure .
(winter) first winter drizzle. traveller. my name.



柳行李片荷は涼し初真桑
. yanagigoori katani wa suzushi hatsu makuwa .
(summer) first melon. wicker box luggage. coolness


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- - - - - hajime 初め, はじめ  - - - - -

風流の初めや奥の田植歌
. fuuryuu no hajime ya Oku no taue uta .
(summer) planting rice in the paddies, Oku, furyu-the elegant, acomplished


花を宿に始め終りや二十日ほど
. hana no yado ni hajime owari ya hatsuka hodo .
(spring) cherry blossoms. from beginning to end about 20 days


十六夜はわづかに闇の初め哉
. izayoi wa wazuka ni yami no hajime kana .
(autumn) sixteenth night moon. beginning of darkness


大津絵の筆のはじめは何仏
. Ootsu e no fude no hajime wa nani botoke .
(New Year) first use of the brush. Otsu-e paintings. Buddha image


暫時は滝に籠るや夏の初め
. shibaraku wa taki ni komoru ya ge no hajime .
(summer) waterfall. summer retreat. for some time


七夕や秋を定むる夜のはじめ 
. Tanabata ya aki o sadamuru yo no hajime .
(autumn) Tanabata star festival. now autumn has really come
at the home of Yadoo 野童 Yado in Kyoto


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- - - - - some そめ - - - - -

新藁の出初めて早き時雨哉
. shinwara no desomete hayaki shigure kana .
new straw is already coming out


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This hokku includes the character of HATSU 初,
but in the old spelling of Hase長谷, Hatsuse 初瀬, a place and temple near Nara.

うかれける人や初瀬の山桜
. ukarekeru hito ya Hatsuse no yamazakura .
ukare-keru hito ya Hatsuse no yama-zakura
(spring) mountain cherry blossoms. people wander around at Hase temple


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. WKD : First Things, New Things .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .


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16/07/2012

izayoi moon

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- izayoi 十六夜 moon on night 16 - sixteenth night moon -

The nights after the full autumn moon !
I count them as "day x", refering to the counting of the days of the eighth lunar month. Rememer, this refers to the times without electricity.

.... izayoo tsuki いざよう月(いざようつき)"hesitant moon"
..... juurokuya 十六夜(じゅうろくや)night on the 16th day
..... kibou, kibo-u 既望(きぼう)

The moon shows up just a bit later than the full moon on the day before, as if it was hesitant (izayou, tamerau) to come back.


There were also two special nights when people could enjoy to wait for the full moon outside,
niijuroku ya machi 二十六夜待 waiting on the night of the 26


source : www.kabuki-za.com
People went to an eatery, looking at the sea in Edo and enjoyed some special fish dishes.


. WKD : Moon in autumn (aki no tsuki) .


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いざよひもまだ更科の郡哉
izayoi mo mada Sarashina no koori kana

on the night of the sixteenth moon too
I am still here at this hometown
of Sarashina . . .

Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in 元禄元年, Basho age 45.
Basho stayed at an inn at the east side of mount Ubasute-yama. He had liked the full moon the night before so much that he decided to stay on one more night.
sarashina is also a pun with saranu 去らぬ - not to leave a place
This hokku has the cut marker at the end of line 3.

更級紀行 Sarashina Kiko
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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いざよひのいずれか今朝に残る菊
いざよひのいづれか今朝に残る菊
izayoi no izure ka kesa ni nokoru kiku

sixteenth night moon -
or is it this morning's
lingering chrysanthemums?

Tr. Barnhill

another version is

十六夜の月と見はやせ残る菊
十六夜の月と見やはせ残る菊
izayoi no tsuki to mi hayase nokoru kiku

On the 10th day of the 9th lunar month, 1688 貞亨5年.
They held a kukai meeting of seven poets, with Sodo, Ransetsu, Kikaku and others.
The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the festival of the chrysanthemums.
On the following two days (10 and 11) there was a special meeting at the imperial court, kiku ne en 残菊の宴 "banquet for the remaining chrysanthemums", but this was the banquet for Basho and his haikai friends.

izayoi is a word usually used for the moon on then next best day, but here Basho uses it for the next best day to view chrysanthemums. The best day for the chrysanthemums is the ninth day (of the ninth lunar month).


Chrysanthemum and hokku by
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


Basho in Edo at the home of Yamaguchi Sodoo 山口素堂 Yamaguchi Sodo
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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source : yuhmsk/folder


十六夜はわづかに闇の初め哉 
十六夜はわづかに闇の初哉
izayoi wa wazuka ni yami no hajime kana

sixteenth night moon -
ever so slightly
the darkening begins

Tr. Barnhill

Written on the 16th day of the 8th lunar month in 1693 - 元禄6年8月16日

another version read

十六夜はとりわけ闇の初め哉
izayoi wa toriwake yami no hajime kana


MORE about first things, beginning of things
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .



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やすやすと出でていざよふ月の雲
yasuyasu to idete izayou tsuki no kumo

he came out so easily
but now he hesitates -
moon in the clouds


Written in 1691 元禄4年8月16日 , Basho age 48.


The night before he had been moon-watching at temple 義仲寺 Gichu-Ji, and the next night they went to Katata.



Katata Izayoi no Ben 堅田十六夜の弁
On the same night at Katata , Basho also wrote


十六夜や海老煮るほどの宵の闇
. izayoi ya ebi niru hodo no yoi no yami .

sixteenth night moon --
just enough time to boil shrimp
in the night's darkness

Tr. Barnhill


Now there is also the Izayoi Park 十六夜公園 at Katata.

. Katata, Katada 堅田 and Basho at Lake Biwa .


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. WKD : Moon in autumn (aki no tsuki) .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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14/07/2012

kiku chrysanthemum

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- kiku 菊 chrysanthemum -
- chooyoo 重陽 chrysanthemum festival -


chooyoo 重陽 (ちょうよう) "double prime number nine"
..... chookyuu 重九 "double nine" - Double Nine Day

okunichi (おくにち) "Honorable Day with a Nine", kunichi 九日
okunchi おくんち、kunchi くんち
The ninth of the ninth lunar month.
Nowadays often celebrated on the 9th of october.

September 9, the ninth day of the ninth lunar month ...
Now mostly held in October, celebrating the end of the harvest time.
It was one of the five special "double" days with double prime numbers, which are auspicious in the Lunar calendar,

. WKD : Chrysanthemum (kiku) .
dew on chrysanthemums, kiku no tsuyu 菊の露

plant kigo for all autumn

and also nogiku, wild chrysanthemum


by Hasegawa Keika

more TBA - for usu 臼 hand mill, see below
In alphabetical order
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秋を経て蝶もなめるや菊の露 
aki o hete / chō mo nameru ya / kiku no tsuyu
autumn, butterfly, chrysanthemum


朝茶飲む僧静かなり菊の花
. asacha nomu soo shizuka nari kiku no hana .


蝶も来て酢を吸ふ菊の膾哉
chō mo kite / su o sūkiku no / namasu kana



初霜や菊冷え初むる腰の綿 
. hatsu shimo ya kiku hie somuru koshi no wata .
(autumn) chrysanthemums. first frost. cotton wrapper around my hip


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早く咲け九日も近し菊の花 
hayaku sake kunichi mo chikashi kiku no hana

hurry up to bloom -
the Ninth Day is near for you,
chrysanthemum flowers

Tr. Gabi Greve

Written on the 4th day of the 9th lunar month 元禄2年9月4日 〔1689.10.16〕 during his trip Oku no Hosomichi.
He stayed at the samurai home of Asai Saryuu 浅井左柳 Asai Saryu in Ogaki 大垣 and this is his hokku at the haikai meeting.
Basho had to leave Asai again on the 6th of the ninth lunar month on his way to Ise.

another version is

早う咲け九日も近し宿の菊
hayoo sake kunichi mo shikashi yado no kiku

hurry up to bloom -
the Ninth Day is near for you,
chrysanthemums by this house

Tr. Gabi Greve


Asai Saryuu 浅井左柳 Asai Saryu
Not much is known about him. His name was Genbei 源兵衛.

Two of his poems from Zoku Sarumino 續猿蓑

鮭の簀の寒氣をほどく初日哉 
名月や草のくらみに白き花 


- - - Station 43 - Oogaki 大垣 Ogaki - - -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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一露もこぼさぬ菊の氷かな
hito tsuyu mo / kobosanu kiku no / kōri kana
chrysanthemum, ice


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稲こきの姥もめでたし菊の花 
ine koki no uba mo medetashi kiku no hana

how laudable also
this old woman threashing rice -
chrysanthemum flowers


. Basho at Temple Menshooji 妙法山明照寺 .
Hikone, Shiga
Chrysanthemums are a symbol of long life and this old woman was still doing her chores at the old farmhouse. She is to be appraised and celebrated just as the chrysanthemum flowers.

Written in October in 1692 元禄4年, Basho age 48.



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いざよひのいずれか今朝に残る菊 
. izayoi no izure ka kesa ni nokoru kiku .
izayoi is a word usually used for the moon on then next best day, but here Basho uses it for the next best day to view chrysanthemums. The best day for the chrysanthemums is the ninth day (of the ninth lunar month).




影待や菊の香のする豆腐串 
. kagemachi ya kiku no ka no suru toofugushi .
Tofu bean curd on sticks



隠れ家や月と菊とに田三反 
kakurega ya / tsuki to kiku to ni / ta san tan



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- - - - - kangiku 寒菊 chrysanthemum in the cold


寒菊や醴造る窓の前 
. kangiku ya amazake tsukuru mado no saki .

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寒菊や粉糠のかかる臼の端
kangiku ya ko nuka no kakaru usu no hata

quote
The following verse on chrysanthemums, for example, literally places the heavily loaded conventional image in a quotidian “run-of-the-mill” scene.

Winter chrysanthemums
covered by the rice bran
beside the hand mill.


The juxtaposition of two or more images and topics in an opening verse is a typical structure of Shômon haikai and is termed toriawase (combination). Bashô once said:
“One should know that hokku is a construction of combination. Combinations that come from conventional themes are rarely superior; they are mostly stale.”
The hokku above testifies to Bashô’s conviction and sets chrysanthemums outside the conventional periphery of associations: instead of suggesting elegance or the life of a recluse, as seen in Bashô’s earlier haibun on his plantain hut that imitates Tao Qian’s poetry, here chrysanthemums are accompanied by a “hand mill,” an extremely common item in an ordinary person’s life in Bashô’s time.
To achieve novelty and naturalness through unconventional combinations was an important technique Bashô used in his last years; by so doing he shook off the heavy conceptual meanings the old traditions had loaded upon poetic images and brought them back to a natural lightness.
source : Basho-and-the-Dao - Peipei-Qiu




Different types of USU 臼


. The hand mill of the Kappa - folktale .



Winter Chrysanthemums !
Coated with falling rice bran
From the hand-mill nearby.

Tr. Oseko

This was a lighthearted (karumi) hokku of a linked verse meeting with his disciple Shida Yaba 志太野坡.


Written in 1693 元禄6年, Basho age 50.
This hokku has the cut marker YA at the end of line 1.
Basho was sitting outside in the sunshine of his garden, pounding rice with a mortar and mallet (or a handmill) to prepare mochi ricecakes. Some of the flour fell on the chrysanthemums and looked almost like snow.


stone marker at the temple Kikusui-Ji 菊水寺 in Chichibu, Saitama
This is temple nr. 33 at the Chichibu Kannon Pilgrimage.
The name of the temple means "Chrysanthemum Water".

kangiku, lit. "chrysanthemum in the cold"
. fuyugiku 冬菊 winter chrysanthemum .


. Basho and the chausu, cha usu 茶臼 tea-grinding mill * .

. WKD : kazariusu 飾臼 New Year decoration for the mortar .

. ishiusu zuka 石臼塚 mound with old used stone mortars .
Hoosenji 宝仙寺 Hosen-Ji, Tokyo

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菊鶏頭切り尽しけり御命講 
kiku keitoo kiri tsukushi keri Omeikō
. for Nichiren, Saint Nichiren 日蓮 .
and
御命講や油のような酒五升
Omeiki ya abura no yoo na sake go masu

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菊に出て奈良と難波は宵月夜 
. kiku ni dete Nara to Naniwa wa yoi zukiyo .

Naniwa is the old name of Osaka.


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菊の花咲くや石屋の石の間 
kiku no hana / saku ya ishiya no / ishi no ai

菊の香にくらがり登る節句かな 
kiku no ka ni / Kuragari noboru / Sekku kana



菊の香や奈良には古き仏達 - all about the old capital of NARA
. kiku no ka ya Nara ni wa furuki hotoketachi .
- - -
菊の香や奈良は幾代の男ぶり
kiku no ka ya / Nara wa iku yo no / otoko buri



菊の香や庭に切れたる履の底
. kiku no ka ya niwa ni kiretaru kutsu no soko .


菊の後大根の外更になし
kiku no nochi / daikon no hoka / sara ni nashi

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菊の露落ちて拾へば零余子かな
kiku no tsuyu ochite hiroeba nukago kana

a chrysanthemum drops its dew,
but when I pick it up:
a brood bud

Tr. Barnhill

. propagule 零余子 (むかご) mukago, nukago .

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琴箱や古物店の背戸の菊 
. kotobako ya furumono dana no sedo no kiku .



草の戸や日暮れてくれし菊の酒 
. kusa no to ya higurete kureshi kiku no sake .
chrysanthemum sake, chrysanthemum ricewine


見所のあれや野分の後の菊
midokoro no / are ya nowaki no / nochi no kiku


撫子の暑さ忘るる野菊かな
nadeshiko no / atsusa wasururu / no-giku kana



起きあがる菊ほのかなり水のあと
okiagaru / kiku honokanari / mizu no ato


折々は酢になる菊の肴かな
ori ori wa / su ni naru kiku no / sakana kana



盃の下ゆく菊や朽木盆
. sakazuki no shita yuku kiku ya kutsuki bon .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. sake cup. tray from Kitsuki



盃や山路の菊と是を干す
. sakazuki ya yamaji no kiku to kore o hosu .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. this sake cup. mountain road. I drink it all

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shiragiku, shira-giku 白菊 white chrysanthemum

白菊の目に立てて見る塵もなし
. shiragiku no me ni tatete miru chiri mo nashi .
for Shiba Sonome 斯波園女


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白菊よ白菊よ恥長髪よ長髪よ 
shiragiku yo shiragiku yo haji naga kami yo naga kami yo

Written when Basho was around 40 years.
This is a poem expanding on the proverb
- 寿多ければ恥多し / 命長ければ恥多し "Long life has long misery."
"If life is long there is a lot to be ashamed of."
"The longer you live, the more shame you suffer."

The white chrysanthemum is compared to a long life.
The long white petals are compared to the white hair (long life).
(BTW, this is considered of one of Basho's "tsumaranai" trivial poems.

The kireji YO is used four times, but not to CUT, but to emphasize the astonishment, surprise, exclamation.
The word YO is part of the normal Japanese language, not just a kireji for hokku/haiku.
The actual CUT in the meaning is after the word HAJI - shame.
Basho did not use the cut marker YA, which is only used in poetry, but not in normal language.

- - - imagine this - it reads quite strange in Japanese -
shira-giku ya shiragiku ya haji naga kami ya naga kami ya


. - kire 切れ and kireji 切字 - cut and cut markers .   



white chrysanthemum, white chrysanthemum
all that shame with your
long hair, long hair

Tr. Barnhill

shaggy white chrysanthemums
your long hair a disgrace
such long hair 

Tr. Jane Reishhold - 180


Oh you white chrysanthemum!
Oh you white chrysanthemum!
shame - Oh this long hair !
Oh this long hair!

Tr. Gabi Greve

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山中や菊は手折らぬ湯の匂ひ
. Yamanaka ya kiku o taoranu yu no nioi .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. Yamanaka hot spring. Fragrance



痩せながりわりなき菊のつぼみ哉
yase nagara / warinaki kiku no / tsubomi kana


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. WKD : Chrysanthemum (kiku 菊) .


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