Emotions expressed directly

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- emotions expressed directly - Emotionen -

Basho sometimes expressed his emotions quite directly, as did other haikai poets.

The main introduction is here :
. WKD : Emotions in Kigo and Haiku .

- - - - - including the following by Basho :

anzuru　あんずる my humble view
愚案ずるに冥土もかくや秋の暮
gu anzuru ni meido mo kaku ya aki no kure

monohoshi desirable, I would like to have
. monohoshi ya fukuro no uchi no tsuki to hana .

obotsukanai おぼつかない to worry
蛍見や船頭酔うておぼつかな - - - . hotarumi ya sendoo yoote obotsukana .
we worry about the drunken boatman

urayamashi 羨まし to envy something
urayamashi ukiyo no kita no yama-zakura .


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. aware 哀れ　-　憐れ pathos, pity .


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- - - - - abunai　あぶない/ abunaki koto あぶなきこと getting dangerous - - - - -

茸狩やあぶなきことに夕時雨
. takegari ya abunaki koto ni yuu shigure .


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- - - - - akiru, akite 飽きて / 倦て I am bored - - - - -

京に飽きてこの木枯や冬住ひ
. Kyoo ni akite kono kogarashi ya fuyuzumai .


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- - - - - arigataya, arigataki 有難や / 有難き to be grateful, I am grateful - - - - -

有難や雪をかほらす南谷 - South Valley at Mount Hagurosan
. arigataya yuki o kaorasu Minamidani .
arigataya yuki o kaorasu kaze no oto

有難き姿拝まんかきつばた
. arigataki sugata ogaman kakitsubata .


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- - - - - bushoo 不精 lazy, laziness, indolent - - - - -

不精さや掻き起されし春の雨
. bushoosa ya kaki-okosareshi haru no ame .


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- - - - - fujiyuu 不自由 how inconvenient!, how awkward! - - - - -

此筋は銀も見しらず不自由さよ
. kono suji wa gin mo mishirazu fujiyuusa yo .


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- - - - - haji 恥 shame, disgrace

白菊よ白菊よ恥長髪よ長髪よ
. shira-giku yo shira-giku yo haji naga kami yo naga kami yo . 　　


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- - - - - heta 下手 to be unscillfull, paint poorly - - - - -

朝顔は下手の書くさへあはれなり
. asagao wa heta no kaku sae aware nari .


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- - - - - hisoka ni 竊に　。　ひそかに　secretly - - - - -

夜ル竊ニ虫は月下の栗を穿ツ
. yoru hisokani mushi wa gekka no kuri o ugatsu .
in the moonlight, a worm


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- - - - - isogawashi, isogashii 忙はし busily - - - - -

ほととぎす鳴く鳴く飛ぶぞ忙はし
. hototogisu / naku naku tobu zo / isogawashi .

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- - - - - ikameshiki, ikameshii 厳めしい solemn, stern, dignified, harsh - - - - -

いかめしき音や霰の檜木笠
. ikameshiki oto ya arare no hinoki-gasa .


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- - - - - kamawanai, kamawanu かまはぬ I do not care, to feel indifferent to - - - - -

樫の木の花にかまはぬ姿かな
. kashi no ki no hana ni kamawanu sugata kana .


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- - - - - kanashii, kanashiki 悲しい, 悲しき sad, miserable sorrowful - - - - -

秋風に折れて悲しき桑の杖
. akikaze ni orete kanashiki kuwa no tsue .

ぴいと啼く尻声悲し夜の鹿
. pii to naku shirigoe kanashi yoru no shika .
the lingering sound of a deer (also rendered as beee or heee). - びいと啼く尻聲悲し夜乃鹿

おもしろうてやがて悲しき鵜舟哉
. omoshiroote yagate kanashiki ubune kana .

義仲の寝覚めの山か月悲し
. Yoshinaka no nezame no yama ka tsuki kanashi .

雪悲しいつ大仏の瓦葺き
. yuki kanashi itsu Daibutsu no kawarabuki .


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- - - - - karushi 軽し, karoshi. light, lightness - - - - -

ものひとつ我が世は軽き瓢哉　 - ものひとつ瓢はかろき我よかな　
. mono hitotsu hisago wa karuki waga yo kana .


木の葉散る桜は軽し檜木笠
. konoha chiru sakura wa karushi hinokigasa .


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- - - - - kidoku, kitoku 奇特 laudable, praiseworthy - - - - -

桜狩奇特や日々に五里六里
. sakuragari kidoku ya hibi ni go ri roku ri .


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- - - - - kigen 　きげん　 I feel good, I feel great - - - - -

せつかれて年忘するきげんかな
. setsukarete toshi wasure suru kigen kana.


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- - - - - kioshi 清し to be clear, pure - - - - -

磨なをす鏡も清し 雪の花
. togi-naosu kagami mo kiyoshi yuki no hana .


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- - - - - koishi 恋し to long for - - - - -

父母のしきりに戀し雉子の声 / 父母のしきりに恋し雉の声
. chichi haha no shikiri ni koishi kiji no koe .

梅恋ひて卯の花拝む涙哉
. ume koite u no hana ogamu namida kana .

古き名の角鹿や恋し秋の月
. furuki na no Tsunuga ya koishi aki no tsuki .

元日は田毎の日こそ恋しけれ
. ganjitsu wa tagoto no hi koso koishikere .

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- - - - - kutabirete くたびれて. 草臥れてI am getting tired - - - - -

草臥れて宿借るころや藤の花　
. kutabirete yado karu koro ya fuji no hana .


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- - - - - magirawashi まぎらわしい/ 紛らわしい confusing / hardly distiguishable - - - - -

烏賊売の声まぎらはし杜宇
. ika uri no koe magirawashi hototogisu .


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- - - - - medetashi めでたし laudable, to be celebrated - 目出度き medetaki - - - - -

稲こきの姥もめでたし菊の花　
. ine koki no uba mo medetashi kiku no hana .

めでたき人の数にも入らむ老の暮
目出度き人の数にも入らん老の暮 / めでたき人のかずにも入らむ老のくれ
. medetaki hito no kazu ni mo iran oi no kure .


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- - - - - mezurashii めずらし / 珍しい how extraordinary ! Surprizingly new! - - - - -

めずらしや山をで羽の初茄子
. mezurashi ya yama o Dewa no hatsu nasubi .


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- - - - - mono kaha, monokawa ものかは who cares - - - - -

二日酔ひものかは花のあるあひだ
. futsukayoi mono kawa hana no aru aida .


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- - - - - modokashii もどかしい　to be impatient, irritated - - - - -

時雨をやもどかしがりて松の雪　
. shigure o ya modokashigarite matsu no yuki .


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- - - - - monofukashi, mono fukashi ものふかし / 物深し a quiet depth - - - - -

暖簾の奥ものふかし北の梅
. nooren no oku monofukashi kita no ume .


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- - - - - moroi, もろい【脆い】 moroki hito もろき人 a fragile, delicate person - - - - -

もろき人にたとへん花も夏野哉　
. moroki hito ni tatoen hana mo natsu no kana .


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- - - - - muzan むざん pitiful, Alas! how tragic, how piteous! cruel, heartrendering - - - - -

むざんやな　甲の下の　きりぎりす
. muzan ya na kabuto no shita no kirigirisu .


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- - - - - muzukashii むつかし difficult - - - - -

女夫鹿や毛に毛が揃うて毛むつかし
. meoto jika ya ke ni ke ga soroute ke muzukashi .


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- - - - - nageku, nageki 嘆き grieving, lamenting - - - - -

花にあかぬ嘆きやこちの歌袋
. hana ni akanu nageki ya kochi no utabukuro .


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- - - - - namagusai なまぐさし it smells raw - - - - -

なまぐさし小菜葱が上の鮠の腸
. namagusashi konagi ga ue no hae no wata .

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- - - - - nanto, nan to, nani tomo 何と what to make of this ? - - - - -

あら何ともなや昨日は過ぎて河豚汁
. ara nani tomo ya kinoo wa sugite fukutojiru .

笠もなきわれを時雨るるかこは何と
. kasa mo naki ware o shigururu ka ko wa nanto .


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- - - - - natsukashii, natsukashiki 懐かしい, なつかしき　 remembering something fondly - - - - -

口切に堺の庭ぞなつかしき　
. kuchikiri ni Sakai no niwa zo natsukashiki .


京にても京なつかしやほととぎす
. Kyoo ni te mo Kyoo natsukashi ya hototogisu .


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- - - - - niawashi, niau 似合はし to suit, to fit - - - - -

似合はしや豆の粉飯に桜狩り
. niawashi ya mame no ko meshi ni sakura-gari .


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. - - - - - nikumu 憎む to hate, to despise - - - - - .

- - - - - ばせを植ゑてまづ憎む荻の二葉哉
bashoo uete mazu nikumi ogi no futaba kana / bashō

- - - - - ひごろ憎き烏も雪の朝哉　
. higoro nikuki karasu mo yuki no ashita kana .


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- - - - - nosabari kerashi のさばりけらし - - - - -

月雪とのさばりけらし年の暮
. tsuki yuki to nosabari kerashi toshi no kure .


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- - - - - odoroku おどろく　/　驚く to be surprized - - - - -

ちるはなや鳥も驚く琴の塵
. chiru hana ya tori mo odoroku koto no chiri .


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- - - - - ogamu 拝む to worship, pray - - - - -

有難き姿拝まんかきつばた
. arigataki sugata ogaman kakitsubata (KAKI tsubata) .

皆拝め二見の七五三を年の暮
. mina ogame Futami no shime o toshi no kure .
- - - - - and - do not doubt this utagau na うたがふな
うたがふな潮の花も浦の春
utagau na ushio no hana mo ura no haru

夏山に足駄を拝む首途哉
. natsuyama ni ashida o ogamau kadode kana .

梅恋ひて卯の花拝む涙哉
. ume koite u no hana ogamu namida kana .

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- - - - - okashi をかし　 to feel at east, light-hearted - - - - -
as opposed to "mono no aware"
明るい知性的な美
source : wkp.fresheye.com
ーーーーー okashiki をかしき　 to feel at east


なかなかに心をかしき臘月哉
. naka naka ni kokoro okashiki shiwasu kana .

濡れて行くや人もをかしき雨の萩
. nurete yuku ya hito mo okashiki ame no hagi .


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- - - - - omoitatsu 思ひ立つ I am resolved to do something - - - - -

思ひ立つ木曽や四月の桜狩り
. omoitatsu Kiso ya shigatsu no sakuragari .


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- - - - - omoshiroi 面白い　 how interesting/ funny - - - - -

霧時雨富士を見ぬ日ぞ面白き
. kiri-shigure Fuji o minu hi zo omoshiroki .

. omoshiroki aki no asane ya teishuburi .
(autumn) light sleep, my host

. omoshiroote yagate kanashiki ubune kana.

. omoshiro ya kotoshi no haru mo tabi no sora.


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- - - - - oshimu　惜しむ　 to miss, to deplore
to hold something dear, place great value on something
- - - - - . WKD : to lament the passing of a season .

行く春を近江の人と惜しみける
. yuku haru o Oomi no hito to oshimikeru .

湖や暑さを惜しむ雲の峰
. mizu-umi ya atsusa o oshimu kumo no mine .


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- - - - - otoroi 衰ひ getting older, my strength is declining - - - - -

衰ひや歯に喰ひ当てし海苔の砂
. otoroi ya ha ni kuiateshi nori no suna.


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- - - - - rei iu 礼いふ to say thank you, feel gratitude - - - - -

このほどを花に礼いふ別れ哉
. kono hodo o hana ni rei iu wakare kana .


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- - - - - sabi さび to be somber - - - - -

月さびよ明智が妻の咄せむ
. tsuki sabiyo Akechi ga tsuma no hanashi sen .


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- - - - - . - sabishisa　さびしさ - 寂しさ loneliness -
sabishii 寂しい　to feel lonely, I feel lonely . - - - - -

and
- - - - - shizukasa 閑さ - shizuka 静か - - - - -
stillness, quietude, silence

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- - - - - saiwai 幸ひ luckily - - - - -

初雪や幸ひ庵にまかりある　
. hatsu yuki ya saiwai an ni makariaru .


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- - - - - sakasama さかさま things are upside down - - - - -

萎れ伏すや世はさかさまの雪の竹
. shiore fusu ya yo wa sakasama no yuki no take .


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- - - - - samushi, samui 寒い　さむし / 寒し I feel cold - - - - -

貧山の釜霜に鳴く声寒し
. hinzan no kama shimo ni naku koe samushi .

物言えば唇寒し秋の風
. mono ieba kuchibiru samushi aki no kaze .

寒けれど二人寝る夜ぞ頼もしき
. samukeredo futari neru yoru zo tanomoshiki .

被き伏す蒲団や寒き夜やすごき
. kazuki fusu futon ya samuki yo ya sugoki .


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- - - - - sareba koso されば well, in that case, well indeed - - - - -


さればこそ荒れたきままの霜の宿
. sareba koso aretaki mama no shimo no yado .


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- - - - - shiorashii しおらしい　/ 悄らしい modest, meek / shihorashiki しほらしき how appealing - - - - -

しほらしき名や小松吹萩すゝき
. shiorashiki na ya komatsu fuku hagi susuki .


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- - - - - sono mama, sonomama そのまま just as things are, just as it is - - - - -

蓮池や折らでそのまま玉祭
. hasu-ike ya orade sonomama tamamatsuri .

柴の戸の月やそのまま阿弥陀坊
. shiba no to no tsuki ya sono mama Amida boo .

そのままよ月もたのまじ伊吹山
. sono mama yo tsuki mo tanomaji Ibuki-yama .


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- - - - - susabi すさび just for the fun of it - - - - -

竹の子や稚き時の絵のすさび
. ukifushi ya take no ko to naru hito no hate .


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- - - - - sugoki, sugoshi, sugoi すごき、凄し, 凄い dreadful, terrible, desolate - - - - -
extreme

秋の風伊勢の墓原なほ凄し
. aki no kaze Ise no hakahara nao sugoshi .

被き伏す蒲団や寒き夜やすごき
. kazuki fusu futon ya samuki yo ya sugoki .


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- - - - - susamajiki 冷じき dreadful - - - - -
susamajii 凄まじい terrible, horrible, dreadful, overwhelming
weird, ghastly, gruesome, grim, fierce (osoroshi)
violent, tremendous, awful, amazing, absurd, intense

卯の花も母なき宿ぞ冷じき
. u no hana mo haha naki yado zo susamajiki .


osoroshi 恐ろしい dreadful, terrible

蛇食ふと　聞けばおそろし　雉子の声
. hebi kuu to kikeba osoroshi kiji no koe .
the dreadful voice of a pheasant


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- - - - - suzushii 涼し coolness, I feel cool - - - - -

- - - - - . - suzumi 涼み / すゞみ to enjoy a cool breeze in summer - . - - - - -

- - - - - . - suzushisa 涼しさ coolness - . - - - - -


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- - - - - tanomoshiki, tanomoshii 頼もしき reliable, quite a pleasure - - - - -

寒けれど二人寝る夜ぞ頼もしき
. samukeredo futari neru yoru zo tanomoshiki .

そのままよ月もたのまじ伊吹山
. sono mama yo tsuki mo tanomaji Ibuki-yama .


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- - - - - tanomu 頼む to ask a person to do something,
to depend on, to count on - - - - -

まづ頼む椎の木もあり夏木立
. mazu tanomu shii no ki mo ari natsu kodachi .


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- - - - - tanoshisa 楽しさ how enjoyable - - - - -

楽しさや青田に涼む水の音
. tanoshisa ya aota ni suzumu mizu no oto .

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- - - - - toboshi　乏しい,　とぼし　to be scarce - - - - -
mazushi 貧しい、まずし to want

粟稗にとぼしくもあらず草の庵　 - - 粟稗にまづしくもなし草の庵
. awa hie ni toboshiku mo arazu kusa no io .


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. - tootoi とうとい尊い / 貴い holy, noble respectful - .
tootosa　とうとさ　

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- - - - - ukifushi 憂き節 wretched, how sad - - - - -

憂き節や竹の子となる人の果
. ukifushi ya take no ko to naru hito no hate .
(for Lady Kogo no Tsubone)

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- - - - - utsukushiki, utsukushii 美しい、うつくしき beautiful - - - - -

. tsukimi suru za ni utsukushiki kao mo nashi .
. . . . meigetsu ya umi ni mukaeba nana Komachi

美しきその姫瓜や后ざね
. utsukushiki sono hime uri ya kisaki zane .


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- - - - - wabi, wabite 侘び、わびて desolate, alone - - - - -

暮れ暮れて餅を木魂の侘寝哉
. kure kurete mochi o kodama no wabine kana / kurekurete .

侘びてすめ月侘斎が奈良茶歌
. wabite sume tsuki wabisai ga Naracha uta .
and the importance of haikai


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- - - - - yasuyasu to, yasu yasu to 安々と easily - - - - -

安々と出でていざよふ月の雲
. yasuyasu to idete izayou tsuki no kumo .


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- - - - - yoku mireba よくみれば looking carefully, looking closely - - - - -

よく見れば薺花咲く垣根かな　
. yoku mireba nazuna hana saku kakine kana .


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- - - - - yukashi, yukai ゆかし, 愉快 how enjoyable, lovely - - - - -

御子良子の一本ゆかし梅の花　
. okorago no hitomoto yukashi ume no hana .


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source : FB

稲妻にさとらぬ人の貴さよ 　
inazuma ni satoranu hito no tootosa yo

How admirable!
to see lightning and not think
life is fleeting.　


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quote
Songs in the Garden: Poetry and Gardens in Ancient Japan
Marc Peter Keane - review by LEANNE OGASAWARA

Way back in 1998, Steven Heine wrote an article about emotions in Japanese religion and literature. The basic premise went something like this:
While in general Buddhism seeks to restrain human emotion as being an impediment to enlightenment, Japanese forms of Buddhism are different in that they have instead traditionally sought to refine or transform the emotions into something edifying.

This perhaps unique way in which emotions are handled in Japanese Buddhism has had a significant impact on certain Japanese cultural practices including literature, and this “transformation” or refining of the emotions has traditionally taken place within the context of an appreciation of nature and the turning of the four seasons.
snip
Songs in the Garden begins with the unforgettable scene from the Tale of Genji when the Shining Prince is sitting beside his love Lady Murasaki who is ill and not long for this world. It is a heart-wrenching scene. The two are overcome with sadness that they will soon part (she will die; he will have to go on living without her).
Gazing out at the garden, Murasaki responds to the tears in her lover’s eyes with a poem:

Could it be
I will disappear, having lasted
not much longer
Then the pearls of dew
that barely cling to the lotus leaves

Genji replies:

Let us promise
that not just in this life
our hearts will be as one
As close as jeweled drops of dew
beaded on a lotus leaf

In this way, their individual sadness (and attachment) is refined into something more uplifting, something that is not only shared between the two of them, but that is aesthetically meaningful to the aristocratic elite of Heian culture.
source : kyotojournal.org/reviews



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. Basho shedding tears .
- tears 涙 namida - to cry 泣くnaku -



. WKD : Emotions in Kigo and Haiku .


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furusato and Basho

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- furusato ふるさと　故郷、古里 home village, home town, Heimat -

The mention of the word FURUSATO in Japan will bring a lot of emotions to the heart, it is very very dear to the Japanese!
The German HEIMAT seems a bit similar in emotional potential.

There are many clichees with the Japanese "hometown" feeling, for example the red dragonfly, the graves of the ancestors, the Autumn festival at the local shrine and the food flavor of home (furusato no aji), expecially the miso soup made by mother (o-fukuro no aji).

hometown, home village, my native place, furusato
..... ふるさと　故郷、古里　故里　郷土　郷里
"my old village", "my home village", "my native village"

place where I was born, umare kokyoo 生まれ故郷
home country, kyookoku 郷国、郷関

The Japanese word KOKYOO sounds rather stiff, whereas FURUSATO is pleasing to the ear. Therefore FURUSATO is used mostly in haiku. Ever since Basho used it in his famous haiku, it has been used again and again. Some haiku may sound sentimental just because the use of this word. Yet, since we all can resonate with the feeling of belonging there, most haiku are well liked.

. WKD - furusato 故郷、古里 home town, Heimat.


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旧里や臍の緒に泣くとしの暮
ふるさとや ほぞのおになく としのくれ
furusato ya hozo no o ni naku toshi no kure

town where I was born -
as I weep over my umbilical cord
the year comes to a close
Tr. Ueda

Written in 1687 貞享4年, Oi no Kobumi

This hokku has the cut marker YA at the end of line 1.
Japanese mothers keep the umbilical cord as a memento of the birth of their babies.
heso no o, hozo no o 臍の緒 umbilical cord
When Basho has the chance to hold it in his hands again in Iga Ueno, he is overwhelmed with the memories of his late mother and father.



Photo: ©（牛久市森田武さん撮影）

Haiku Stone Monument in Iga Ueno
http://www.ese.yamanashi.ac.jp/~itoyo/basho/oinokobumi/oino13.htm#ku3

my home town -
I weep over my navel string
at the end of the year
Tr. Gabi Greve



umbilical cord box へその緒寿箱
The box is called Kotobuki-bako 寿箱　"Long Life Box", and sold at many shrines in Japan. There are many variations, with a small baby doll clad in kimono above the navel string.


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一里はみな花守の子孫かや　
. hitozato wa mina hanamori no shison kana .
hito sato wa mina hanamori no shison ka ya

In this village everyone is a descendant from Cherry Blossom Wardens.

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鐘撞かぬ里は何をか春の暮
. kane tsukanu sato wa nani o ka haru no kure .
temple bell in the village

(in another version, 'sato' is replaced by 'mura'.)

a village where no
bells ring: what, then,
of spring evenings?
Tr. Barnhill

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刈りかけし田面の鶴や里の秋
. karikakeshi tazura no tsuru ya sato no aki .

autumn in the village

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里人は稻に歌詠む都かな　
. (satobito) sato-bito wa ine ni uta yomu miyako kana .

the local people from the village

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里古りて柿の木持たぬ家もなし
sato furite kaki no ki motanu ie mo nashi

this old village -
no house without
persimmon trees


Dried kaki fruit was sometimes the only food the poor farmers in the Edo period could eat in winter, since they had to give away all their rice to the authorities for tax purposes. Therefore the kaki trees around each farm house were pure necessity to feed the hungry children.

Written on day 7 of the 8th lunar month in 1694, 元禄7年8月7日 Basho age 51.
Basho stayed at the home of 望翠 Bosui in Iga Ueno.
Some say he was the husband of his sister.
. Katano Boosui 片野望翠 Katano Bosui / 井筒屋新蔵 .


. WKD : kaki 柿 persimmon fruit .



In an old hamlet,
There is not a single house without
A persimmon tree.
Tr. Oseko


source :　kikyou0123


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里の子よ梅折り残せ牛の鞭　
. sato no ko yo ume orinokose ushi no muchi .

village kids, children of the village


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山里は万歳遅し梅の花
. yamazato wa manzai ososhi ume no hana .

a mountain village and the New Year's dancers


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With links to many Furusato-Basho towns and events:
source :　bashomichi.com/

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. WKD - furusato 故郷、古里 home town, Heimat.


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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Fuji, Mount Fujisan

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- Fuji 富士山　Mount Fujisan -

In the Edo of the times of Basho, Mount Fuji could be seen from many places.


First view of Mount Fuji, hatsu Fuji 初富士
is an important kigo for the New Year.




. WKD : Mount Fuji 富士山, Fuji-san, or Fujiyama, .


Basho wrote quite a few hokku about this famous mountain, Fuji no Yama.

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April 2013
Mount Fuji on verge of World Heritage listing



An important UNESCO panel has recommended that World Heritage status be granted to Mount Fuji, putting the iconic peak on a direct path to registration.

Japan’s tallest mountain is expected to be formally listed in June when the World Heritage Committee meets in Cambodia.

IMOCOS noted that the mountain is a national symbol of Japan and blends religious and artistic traditions, government officials said.
source : Japan Times, April 2013


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On Mount Fuji

Mount Kunlun is said to be far away, and in Mount Penglai and Mount Fangzhang dwell Daoist immortals. But right here before my eyes: Mount Fuji's great peak rises from the earth. It seems to hold up the blue heavens and open the cloud gate for the sun and moon.
From wherever I gaze, there is a consummate vista as the beautiful scenery goes through a thousand changes. Even poets can't exhaust this scene in verse; those with great talent and men of letters give up their words; painters too abandon their bushes and flee.
If the demigods of faraway Gushe Mountain were to appear, I wonder if even they could succeed in putting this scene into a poem or a painting.

雲霧の暫時百景を尽しけり
kumo kiri no zanji hyakkei o tsukushi keri

with clouds and mist
in a brief moment a hundred scenes
brought to fulfillment
Tr. Barnhill


This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment - Roger S. Gottlieb
source : books.google.co.jp

Written in 1684 貞亨元年
. 野ざらし紀行 Nozarashi Kiko .

. Chinese background of Japanese haiku .


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富士の風や扇にのせて江戸土産
. Fuji no kaze ya oogi ni nosete Edo miyage .
wind from Mount Fuji


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cha-usu 茶臼 tea grinding mortar


富士の山蚤が茶臼の覆かな
Fuji no yama nomi ga chausu no ooi kana / cha-usu

Mount Fuji
like the tea-grinding mill
carried by the lice . . .

Basho age 33
To compare Mount Fuji to a cha-usu, a mill for grinding tea leaves, has been done since olden times.

This is complete fiction to show the greatness of Mount Fuji.

There was a popular song in Edo to which Basho is referring

蚤が茶臼を背たら負うて、背たら負うて、
富士のお山をちょいと越えた

The lice are carrying a tea-grinding mill
carrying it on their back
just trying to climb over Mount Fuji.


It was also a popular game to cover a tea-grinding mill with strong washi paper to make it look like Mount Fuji.



source :　turbo717

Mount Fuji seen from the mountain hut called
Chausu 茶臼小屋は富士山
at the foot of Mount Chausu 茶臼岳



. WKD : Cha Tea Tee Chai - cha-usu.


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富士の雪廬生が夢を築かせたり
. Fuji no yuki Rosei ga yume o tsukasetari .
snow on Mount Fuji


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一尾根はしぐるる雲か富士の雪
hito one wa shigururu kumo ka Fuji no yuki

over one ridge
do I see winter rain clouds?
snow for Mt. Fuji

The above haiku is a beautiful 'winter landscape painting' on a large scale, in which you are viewing Mt. Fuji in relation to its surrounding mountain families. In the centre, you see Mt. Fuji covered with snow in all its glories. And you also see other mountain-families where probably snow does not reach, as they are not high enough. Your eyes travel from right to left and from left to right, surveying many different things happening. Over one ridge (o-ne) are winter clouds unloading their cargo. However, of all the mountains how tall, superb and magnificent the snow-covered Mt. Fuji is!
This haiku is famous for depicting the superiority of Mt. Fuji in relation to other mountain families.

Basho was 44 years old when he wrote this haiku in the year of 4 Jokyo (1687). He had left Edo on 25 October for the trip to his hometown. This haiku is recorded in Hakusen-Shu.

. Etsuko Yanagibori.


is one ridge
clouded with winter showers?
Fuji in snow
Tr. Barnhill





Written in the 11th lunar month of 1687, 貞亨4年11月
Maybe at the tea house Yuzu no Ki Chaya 柚木の茶屋.
In the year 1817 a stone monument was erected by a samurai 野楊 from the Kameyama domain in Tanba 丹波亀山藩士野楊.

. Oi no Kobumi 笈の小文 .

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雲を根に富士は杉形の茂りかな
. kumo o ne ni Fuji wa suginari no shigeri kana .
green foilage of Mount Fuji



目にかかる時やことさら五月富士　
. me ni kakaru toki ya kotosara satsuki Fuji .
Mount Fuji in the month of satsuki (May)


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霧時雨富士を見ぬ日ぞ面白き
. kiri shigure Fuji o minu hi zo omoshiroki .
Fuji in fog and cold drizzle


Shrouded in the dense fog of late autumn rains--
Fuji is unseen for the day.
Intriguing!　
Tr. only1tanuki
Basho Haiku Monument is on the Nishizaka of the Hakone Hachiri
source : only1tanuki




source :deviantart.com


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and for good measure

深川や芭蕉を富士にあずけゆく
Fukagawa ya bashoo o Fuji ni azuke-yuku

Fukagawa -
leaving the "banana tree" in the care
of Mount Fuji
Tr. Gabi Greve

Chiri 1684

Chiri was a student of Basho, who accompanied him on the Nozarashi trip in Jokyo 1 (1684). Basho was 41 years old at the time.
Chiri wrote this haiku during their visit to Mt. Fuji. In this haiku, the student is parting with Basho to travel on to another place, leaving him at the foot of Mt. Fuji in the care of the mountain. The haiku contains kake-kotoba, a word with a double meaning.
The word, 'Basho' means both the basho plant (musa/banana) which grew by Basho's hut at Fukagawa.
It also is, of course, the master's haigo (haiku name).

This hokku has the cut marker YA at the end of line 1.


Fukagawa -
leaving the basho tree
to Mount Fuji's care　
Tr. Barnhill



We depart,
leaving the bashō.
To Mount Fuji　
Tr. Blyth


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quote
In the waka tradition, the poetic hon’i of Mount Fuji lies in its lofty peak covered by white snow. The following waka from Ogura hyakunin isshu (The Ogura sequence of one hundred poems by one hundred poets)93 is a typical example:

At Tago Bay
I came out, and looked afar—
to see the hemp-white
of Mount Fuji’s lofty peak
under a flurry of snow.

tago no ura/ uchiidete mireba/ shirotae no/ Fuji no takane ni/ yuki wa furitsutsu

Bashô’s poem, however, gives no attention to the classical essence of Mount Fuji defined by the waka tradition, although he does mention the peak in the short haibun that precedes the poem. Even in his haibun, the depiction of the geographical features of Mount Fuji is minimized, mystified, and projected through the poet’s imagination of famous Daoist sites—Kunlun, Penglai, Fangzhang, and Gushe.

. . . The juxtaposition of Mount Fuji and the Daoist toponyms presents a symbolic landscape carefully designed: the appearances and definitions of the geographical space have changed as the visitor reimagines it through a Daoist perspective. Mount Fuji is no longer simply a place of physical grandeur; it has become an aesthetic landscape whose wonder manifests the power of zôka.
In this context, Bashô’s avoidance of portraying Mount Fuji reveals his aesthetic belief that the creation of zôka is so magnificent that no language can properly describe it.

source : Basho-and-the-Dao - Peipei-Qiu

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. WKD : Mount Fuji 富士山, Fuji-san, or Fujiyama, .


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Food haiku

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- Haiku about Food - Essen -


more haiku about food are featured
in the ABC index of these archives.


This list is still growing. Please come back sometime.
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source :　www.pej-lady.org



青ざしや草餅の穂に出でつらん
aozashi ya kusa mochi no ho ni ide tsuran

green grain crackers
the wheat ears come out of
veggie cookies
Tr. Reichhold

Written in 1683 天和3年, Basho was 40.



A sweet made of parched green wheat flour and twisted like a thread.
. Aozashi 青挿 (あおざし, 青ざし)
"fresh wheat sweets" .


aozashi 青ざし五巻文 - 青緡〔あおざし〕五貫文 referres to the new coins of Edo, bound with a rope through a hole in the middle of each coin.





誰が聟ぞ歯朶に餅おふ　しの年
. taga muko zo shida ni mochi ou ushi no toshi .

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時鳥鰹を染めにけりけらし
hototogisu katsuo o some ni keri kerashi

the cuckoo
has stained the fish
I suppose
Tr. Reichhold



Maybe the bush warbler
sang too much
this skipjack

Basho is having dinner at the home of a wealthy retainer of the Akimono clan and is served skipjack, a thuna that we call AKU in Hawai'i.
It is something exotic for him, and he fancies that the bush warbler must have sung too much. The bush warbler is said to gush blood when it was that enthusiastic.
Tr. and comment : Robert Aitken


Written in 1681 天和元年 Basho was 38.

The sashimi raw meat of skipjack is quite dark red.





blood-red sunrise -
today's dinner is
katsuo sashimi

Gabi Greve
October 6, 2012
Just after writing the above text about Basho and his katsuo sashimi, we had the most impressive sunrise, with rain clouds already in the West and stark red above the pines in the East.



. Kamakura o ikite ideken hatsugatsuo .
(summer) first katsuo bonito. town of Kamakura. to be alive




MORE bonito hokku by Basho
. WKD : katsuo 鰹 bonito .
skipjack tuna - Katsuwonus pelamis

. katsuo uri ikanaru hito o yowasuran .
(summer) first skipjack katsuo. vendor, fish monger. charming people
. . . . . and
又越む佐夜の中山はつ松魚
mata koemu Sayo no Nakayama hatsugatsuo
summer) first skipjack katsuo bonito. Sayo no Nakayama pass. to cross again



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春立つや新年ふるき米五升
haru tatsu ya shinnen furuki kome goshoo

spring arises
ten quarts of old rice
in the new year
Tr. Reichhold

spring begins--
new year, old rice
ten quarts
Tr. Ueda

spring begins--
in a new year,
ten quarts of old rice
Tr. Barnhill


Written in 1684 貞亨元年. Basho age 41.
Basho used a dry hollow gourd as a box to keep his rice grains 米櫃の瓢, which could only hold five sho of rice. It was a kind of symbol for a poor man.
It was famous and called 四山の瓢, a name given by Yamaguchi Sodoo 素堂 Sodo.

1 shoo しょう【升】ca. 1.8 litres


Rice grains are called "kome, mai　米".
On the table and cooked, it is called "Gohan" ご飯 or "meshi" 飯　めし.
. Rice in various kigo .





. Masu 升 measuring cup .
and another haiku by Basho !

masu katte funbetsu kawaru tsukimi kana




芭蕉『四山瓢』

source :　edosodou

ものひとつ瓢はかろき我よかな　
mono hitotsu hisago wa karuki waga yo kana


. mono hitotsu waga yo wa karoki hisago kana .

just one possession,
my world light
as a gourd
Tr. Barnhill

With a further discussion of the gourd haiku.


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煩へば餅をも喰はず桃の花
wazuraeba mochi o mo kuwazu momo no hana

overcome with illness,
I can't even eat a rice cake:
peach blossoms
Tr. Barnhill


since I'm sick
not eating a rice bar
peach flowers
Tr. Reichhold

Written in 1686 貞亨３年
It seems Basho was suffering from some stomach illness. So even on this special day he could not eat the festive mochi rice cakes.
But at least he could write a haiku about it.

because I am sick
I can not even eat a festive rice cake -
peach blossom time
Tr. Gabi Greve

. Momo no sekku 桃の節句 Peach Blossom Festival .
The Hina Doll Festival, March 3.



The festive rice cakes are called
. hishi mochi 菱餅 (ひしもち) Hishimochi rice cakes .
red, white, and green lozenge-shaped rice cakes



. Rice cakes (mochi 餅) .


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五つ六つ茶の子にならぶ囲炉裏哉
itsutsu mutsu cha no ko ni narabu irori kana

five or six
sitting with tea and cake
a fireplace
Tr. Reichhold

five or six of us
lined up before the tea cakes:
the sunken hearth
Tr. Barnhill

Written in Winter 1688/89.

Further discussion of this haiku:
. Snacks with Tea (cha no ko お茶の子) .


. open Japanese hearth, irori 囲炉裏 .


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秋涼し手毎にむけや瓜茄子
aki suzushi te goto ni muke ya uri nasubi

[headnote]
'Invited to a Certain Grass Hut'

autumn coolness
each peeling with our hands
melons and eggplants
Tr. Reichhold



'I was invited to a certain grass hut'

autumn is cool
let each hand set to peeling
melons and eggplants
Tr. Barnhill
Barnhill notes that an earlier version goes like this:

残暑しばし手毎に料れ瓜茄子
zansho shibashi tegoto ni ryoore uri nasubi

summer heat lingers,
let's set our hands to cooking
melon and eggplants

Oku no Hosomichi, Kanazawa 7月15日 - 23日
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


. Eggplant kigo 茄子 なすび .

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霰せば網代の氷魚煮て出さん
arare seba ajiro no hio o nite dasan

[headnote]
'People from Zeze have visited me at my cottage.'

if it hails
ice fish from the trap
I'll served cooked
Tr. Reichhold



'With many people visiting my grass hut in Zeze,'

if it hails
I'll cook and serve
wicker-caught whitebait
Tr. Barnhill


Written in December of 1689 元禄2年12月


source :itoyo/basho
Memorial stone at Otsu town, Shiga 滋賀県大津市田上南郷


"Well, my friends, thanks for coming to share my humble meal of fish.
If it would now start to hail, that would enhance our elegant fuuryuu 風流 enjoyment even more!"


Ajiro fish traps are prepared in late autumn and used in winter till spring.
The fish are then cooked in sweet soy sauce for a delicious meal.


. WKD : ajiro 網代 (あじろ) wickerwork fishtraps .


. hiuo, hio 氷魚 (ひうお) small ayu trout .

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compiled by Larry Bole - source : Happy Haiku Group

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秋の色糠味噌壷もなかりけり
aki no iro nukamiso tsubo mo nakari keri

Kukuu 句空 Kuku had asked Basho for a hokku that he could add to a scroll painting of priest Kenkoo 兼好法師 Kenko called "Nukamiso tsubo".

Written in 1691 元禄4年, Basho age 48

Kenko did not have much possesions, some say only one pot to wash his hands and take his meal. He kept this possession on his daily walks praying for food.

nukamiso salted rice-bran paste for pickling, barley miso
. WASHOKU - Miso (みそ or 味噌) Miso paste .
This is kept in special pots with a lid, even now in the "color of autumn".


This hokku is one sentence and has the cut marker KERI at the end of line 3.
It is best to start the translation from the end.

he does not even have
a pot in the colors of autumn
for fermented miso paste . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve



. Yoshida Kenkoo 吉田兼好 Yoshida Kenko .
(1283? – 1350?)
Tsurezuregusa - "Essays in Idleness"


Matsuo Basho visiting his diciple Kukuu 句空 Kuku.
. - Gichuuji 義仲寺 Temple Gichu-Ji - .

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. ALL haiku about mochi 餅 rice cakes .



mezurashi ya yama o Dewa no hatsu nasubi
First Minden-Eggplants from Dewa

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haiku about cooked rice 飯 meshi

. asagao ni ware wa meshi kuu otoko kana .
(autumn) morning glories. I am a man eating rice


花にうき世我が酒白く飯黒し
. hana ni ukiyo waga sake shiroku meshi kuroshi .
(spring) cherry blossoms. floating world. white ricewine. black rice


飯あふぐ嚊が馳走や夕涼み
. meshi augu kaka ga chisoo ya yuu suzumi .
(summer) evening cool. boiled rice as a treat. old lady or wife
kaka 嚊 is an old word, derived from "okaasan　お母さん", mother, used fondly for one's own wife. Here Basho shows a gentle evening scene, when the husband is back home from field work and his wife prepares the meal.


麦飯にやつるる恋か猫の妻
. mugi meshi ni yatsururu koi ka neko no tsuma .



水向けて跡訪ひたまえ道明寺
. mizu mukete ato toi tamae doomyooji .
cold rice from temple Domyo-Ji 道明寺



忘れ草菜飯に摘まん年の暮　
. wasuregusa nameshi ni tsuman toshi no kure .
(winter) end of the year. licorice. rice gruel with rapeseen leaves

. . . . .


. WKD : "Gohan" ご飯 or "meshi" 飯　めし..

- including

似合はしや豆の粉飯に桜狩り
niawashi ya mame no ko meshi ni sakura-gari
bean-flour rice balls

我がためか鶴食み残す芹の飯
waga tame ka tsuru hami-nokosu seri no meshi
rice with dropwort


- - - - -


zoozu, zoosui, zosui 雑水 (ざふすい) dirty water
after washing rice or rinsing dishes

Basho uses the old spelling, but now it is an old version for

zoosui 雑炊 rice porridge
In the Edo period, this watery rice with some leaves of radish was the daily fare of the very poor. Now it is a favorite dish for dieting and also given to ill and recuperating people.


雑水に琵琶聴く軒の霰かな　
zoosui ni biwa kiku noki no arare kana

while I eat my rice porridge
hail falling on the eaves sounds
like a biwa lute . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in 貞亨元年, Basho age 41 or later
at Arisoumi 有磯海. Basho is most probably home in Fukagawa and has a lonely meal.


All kinds of zoosui
. WKD : Zoosui 雑炊 (ぞうすい) rice porridge.
kigo for winter

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haiku about SOUP 汁

. norijiru 海苔汁 laver seaweed soup .

- including

牡蠣よりは海苔をば老の売りもせで　
kaki yori wa nori o ba oi no uri mo sede

海苔汁の手際見せけり浅黄椀
nori jiru no tegiwa mise keri asagi wan

衰ひや歯に喰ひ当てし海苔の砂
otoroi ya ha ni kuiateshi nori no suna

. . . . .


. ara nani tomo ya kinoo wa sugite fukutojiru .
(winter) fugu blowfish soup

. chisa wa mada aoba nagara ni nasubi-jiru .
(summer) eggplant soup. salad. green

. kakusanu zo yado wa najiru ni toogarashi .
(autumn) red pepper. do not hide. home. leafy vegetable soup

. ki no moto ni shiru mo namasu mo sakura kana .
(spring) cherry blossoms. under trees. soup. fish salad

. suimono wa mazu dekasareshi Suizenji .
(summer) seaweed from temple Suizen-Ji水前寺. soup

. ume wakana Mariko no yado no tororo jiru .
(autumn) yam soup. plum and young greens. postal station of Mariko

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Continued

. MORE Haiku about Food by Matsuo Basho .

inochi koso imo dane yo mata kyoo no tsuki
- taro potatoes
wasuregusa nameshi ni tsuman toshi no kure
- licorice leaves and rapeseed rice gruel
shio ni shi te mo iza kotozute n miyako-dori
- hooded gull pickles with salt
kanashiman ya Bokushi seriyaki o mite mo nao
- dropwrot with cooked duck
yuki no ashita hitori karazake o kami etari
- chewing on dried salmon

asu wa chimaki Naniwa no kareha yume nare ya
- Chimaki ritual rice cakes

. chimaki yuu katate ni hasamu hitai gami .


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. Haiku Sweets 俳菓 haika .

The hokku by Basho featured here are not about food, though.
Only the sweets are all formed and named after his poems.

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. - cha 茶　tea - Tee - .
drinking tea with Basho


. daiko, daikon 大根 white radish .

. ebi niru 海老煮る cooking shrimp .

. Hidara 干鱈 ひだら dried codfish, haddock .

. konnyaku 蒟蒻 Devil's-tongue .
used for well-liked dishes by Basho

. namasu 膾 pickled food .

. nattoo 納豆　Natto. fermented beans.

. nyuumen 煮麺 hot wheat noodles .

. sato-imo, sato imo, imo 里芋 taro .
Colocasia antiquorum

. toofu 豆腐 Tofu, bean curd .

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清滝の水汲ませてやところてん
. Kiyotaki no mizu kumasete ya tokoroten .
(summer) Tokoroten jelly. draw water from river Kiyotaki
for Sakai Yamei 坂井野明 in Sagano, Kyoto.


水無月や鯛はあれども塩鯨
. minazuki ya tai wa aredomo shiokujira . .
sea bream and salted whale meat


夏の夜や崩れて明けし冷し物
. natsu no yo ya kuzurete akeshi hiyashi mono .
hiyashimono - chilled food after a banquet


躑躅生けてその陰に干鱈割く女
. tsutsuji ikete sono kage ni hidara saku onna .
(spring) dried cod fish. azaleas. in the shadow a woman

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. - sake　酒 ricewine -
- sakazuki　杯　ricewine cup - .


more haiku about food are featured
in the ABC index of these archives.

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. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 wrote .

Today I was feeling sorry for myself for being poor simply because I wasn't able to eat a third meal, but when Basho went wandering long ago, he ate only two meals every single day.

三度くふ旅もったいな時雨雲
sando kuu tabi mottaina shigure-gumo

it's outrageous to travel
wanting three meals a day --
winter rain clouds

This hokku is from lunar 10/12 (November 25) in 1803, the lunar-calendar date on which Basho died and on which memorial services for him were held annually at Gichuji Temple near Kyoto, where he is buried, and at many other places by haikai poets. One of the names for Basho's memorial day is shigure-ki, or Cold Rain Memorial, since cold rain showers often fall in late autumn and early winter. The tenth month is the first month of lunar winter, so this is a winter hokku. On this date in 1803 Issa sees dark clouds in the sky. A fast-moving shower is either approaching or passing by a few miles away, and this gives a double meaning to the last line.

The word mottaina, 'wrong, outrageous,' in the second line had a stronger meaning in Issa's time than it does in modern Japanese, and Issa seems genuinely ashamed of his petty desire for more food as he walks along. The last two days he has been staying with his haikai poet friend and wealthy patron Furuta Gessen, with whom he has been discussing both haikai and the ancient Chinese Classic of Poetry (Shijing, in Japanese Shikyou). During Issa's stay, his host Gessen surely treated him well and served him three very nice meals a day, and while he stays in Edo Issa no doubt often eats three meals a day, since he meets many friends, students, and patrons there, although during his years of traveling in western Japan it is likely he usually ate twice a day, a style of eating common among people who aren't wealthy, so this isn't the first time Issa has traveled on only two meals a day.

On the day Issa writes this hokku he is traveling from the town of Fukawa, where Gessen lives, to Tagawa, further east. Both towns are on the northern bank of the Tone River northeast of the city of Edo. His desire for food and his dislike of being poor, both of which seem to have increased after staying with the wealthy Gessen, seem to make Issa feel ashamed of himself when he thinks of Basho on this day, since he reveres Basho and is trying hard to learn from him. He is surely conscious that his own personality, lifestyle, and haikai style are all fairly different from Basho's, yet he feels Basho's emphasis on positively embracing poverty, on enduring hardship, and on minimalistic wabi are worthy goals he also needs to embrace to a certain extent. The dark rain clouds in the hokku may therefore have a third meaning. They may suggest Issa's acute sense of his own of imperfection in the eyes of Basho, who, Issa seems to believe, would stare rather severely at Issa if he were still alive and could read Issa's mind and his haikai. Issa has many hokku about his own imperfection, but the thought of the superego-like Basho seems to make Issa feel his shortcomings even more strongly than usual.

Chris Drake

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. WASHOKU - Japanese Food Saijiki .


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Gichu-Ji Temple

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- Gichuuji 義仲寺 Gichu-Ji -
Gichuuan　義仲庵 Gichu-An // Mumyooan 無名庵 Mumyo-An // 巴寺, 木曽塚, 木曽寺

. Kiso Yoshinaka　木曾義仲 .
Minamoto no Yoshinaka 源義仲 and his grave at this temple Gichu-Ji.
The Chinese characters 義仲 (Yoshinaka) can be read Gichuu too.


義仲の寝覚めの山か月悲し
. Yoshinaka no nezame no yama ka tsuki kanashi .

Written on the 14th day of the 8th lunar month 1689 元禄2年8月14日.
Basho in Tsuruga, during his trip "Oku no Hosomichi".


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October, 1690 - Genroku 3

Basho had been at the temple Gichu-Ji 義仲寺 to view the autumn moon on the 15th. Next day, on the 16th, they went to the Floating Hall, Ukimi-Do.


名月や児立ち並ぶ堂の縁
. meigetsu ya chigo tachinarabu doo no en .
the temple acolytes are lined up at the veranda

月見する座にうつくしき顔もなし
. tsukimi suru za ni utsukushiki kao mo nashi .
moon viewing but not one beautiful face


. Matsuo Basho at Lake Biwako　琵琶湖　 .
Karasaki Town 唐崎／辛崎
Ukimi Doo　浮御堂 Ukimi-Do, The Floating Hall for Moon Viewing,


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Basho stayed at the Gichu-An 膳所の義仲庵
earlier on this ravels in the 9th lunar month of 1691, Basho age 48
at the home of his diciple Kukuu 句空 Kuku.

Kukuu 句空 Kuku had asked Basho for a hokku that he could add to a scroll painting of priest Kenkoo 兼好法師 Kenko called "Nukamiso tsubo"　- pot for Nukamiso paste.


秋の色糠味噌壷もなかりけり
aki no iro nukamiso tsubo mo nakari keri

not even a pot
in the colors of autumn
for fermented miso

Kenko did not have much possesions, some say only one pot to wash his hands and take his meal. He kept this possession on his daily walks praying for food.

nukamiso is salted rice-bran paste for pickling, barley miso
This is kept in special pots with a lid, even now in the "color of autumn".
. Food Hokku by Matsuo Basho .


....................................................................................................................................................


淋しさや釘に掛けたるきりぎりす
sabishisa ya kugi ni kaketaru kirigirisu


quote
“Sabishisa,” a word derived from the adjective “sabishi,” conventionally implies loneliness in Japanese literature. Bashô, however, often uses the word in close relationship with “shizuka.” The following poem, which contains the word “shizukasa,” also has a different draft that uses the kanji normally used to transliterate “sabishisa.”

How quiet it is!
On the wall where the painting hangs —
a cricket.

shizukasa ya/e kakaru kabe no/kirigirisu


How solitary it is!
Hanging on a nail —
a cricket.

sabishisa ya/kugi ni kaketaru/kirigirisu

“Cricket” (kirigirisu) is a seasonal word of autumn. It typically is associated with loneliness and autumn melancholy in classical Japanese poetry. The hon’i or poetic essence of kirigirisu, according to classical tradition, lies in the faint sound of its singing.

Bashô’s verses, however, focus on neither the song of the cricket nor the melancholy atmosphere evoked by it. According to Kukû, one of Bashô’s disciples for whom these poems were written, he was with Bashô at a small cottage when the first poem was composed. The master woke him up one night to listen to the feeble chirps of a cricket. Later, when Kukû asked for a poem on his painting of Kenkô, Bashô wrote the poems.

If this story is true, the cricket did sing that night. The silence of the cricket in Bashô’s poem, therefore, is not a depiction of the real occurrence but an intentional fabrication. Instead of following the conventional hon’i, Bashô cast the little creature against a background of eternal, profound silence, creating a suggestive scene of the seclusion included in tranquility.

In discussing the two pairs of Bashô’s poems that use “shizukasa” and “sabishisa,” Makoto Ueda observes: “Certainly it is more than a coincidence that the word ‘quietness’ is used in place of ‘loneliness’ in both poems.

source : Basho-and-the-Dao - Peipei-Qiu


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Basho's Grave and Temple Gichu-Ji 義仲寺


Takarai Kikaku wrote
Translated by Nobuyuki Yuasa

An Account of Our Master Basho's Last Days

A sick goose fallen,
I slumber at Katada
In my wandering.

However, his friends at Otsu and Zeze looked after him very well till our master regained his health and enjoyed short stays at Genjuan Cottage and Gichuji Temple. He spent some years visiting famous sights in the vicinity, infusing his mind with their beauty.

. . . . . Our master had no permanent abode and travelled in all directions, invited by his friends, if he had died at Matsushima in the deep north or at Mt. Hakusan in the province of Echizen, we would not have been able to do anything for him except to express our sorrow at the sad news, but here, we could guard him from the wind, sitting close to his remains. I was thinking about his disciples who were not so lucky as we were, when birds began to awaken me, and soon, while counting the strokes of the temple bell that began to toll, we reached Fushimi.

We moved our master’s remains from Fushimi to the Gichuji Temple, where his funeral was performed with solemnity and sincerity. His disciples, people of different ranks high and low, came from Kyoto, Osaka, Otsu, and Zeze, for they earnestly desired to pay their respects to their loving master. More than three hundred people attended the funeral, uninvited. His white robe and other necessary things were sewn by two ladies, Chigetsu and Otokuni's wife.

After the funeral, Priest Chokugu of the Gichuji Temple, led us to a small mound and buried him, as our master desired it himself, next to the mound of Lord Kiso, a little behind the temple gate, near the place where an old willow tree was standing. We thought there was a mysterious connection between Lord Kiso and our master, so we made our master’s grave similar in shape to the grave of Lord Kiso, and built a simple fence round it. We also planted for his name’s sake a stock of basho tree which had withered in cold weather.
source : simplyhaiku 2006





. Bashoo Ki 芭蕉忌 Basho's Death Anniversary .


Temple Gichu-Ji, more LINKS


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Basho walked
this road, I realize
and slow at the thought

At the grave of Basho
bees buzz in the flowers -
what can I say?

tms visits the area: Read his report.
©　tms


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田螺取義仲寺遠く暮れにけり
tanishi tori Gichuuji tooku kure ni keri

collecting mudsnails -
the temple Gichu-Ji afar
in the evening light

Iida Dakotsu 飯田蛇笏 (1885 - 1962)

WKD : mud snails (tanishi)




Temple Gichuuji 義仲寺
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


Basho Okina Ekotoba Den 芭蕉翁絵詞伝 The Life of the Venerable Basho in Pictures and Words
picture scrolls of the biography of Basho the Elder
at temple Gichu-Ji in Otsu 滋賀県大津市・義仲寺所
. www.bashouan.com... .


Okinadoo, Okina Doo 翁堂 Okina Hall for Matsuo Basho






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. Matsuo Basho at Lake Biwako　琵琶湖　 .


. Inoue Juukoo 井上重厚 Inoue Juko (1738 - 1804) .
In 1792 he became the 7th master of the Mumyo-An 無名庵 / Gichuuji 義仲寺 Temple Gichu-Ji .
He compiled hokku attributed to Matsuo Basho
- Moto no Mizu もとの水 - 句集 -　A Hokku Collection -

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Mizuta Masahide 水田正秀（孫右衛門） (? - 1723)

Basho's letter to Masahide



(Basho usually hates crows)

A wonderful poem embedded in a compilation of polite standard phrases, which even a poetic genius like Matsuo Basho was using. Basho seems slightly embarrassed when he writes that he was sorry to have nothing special to pass on.

"Thank you for sending me a letter. – I should have written earlier. I am sorry. I am happy to hear that you are fine. I am fine too.
The other day, it was snowy and very cold. I was in my hut and did not go anywhere. Then, I composed this Haiku:

ひごろにくき烏も雪の朝哉
higoro nikuki karasu mo yuki no ashita kana

A crow
Which I'd usually hate.
So beautiful in morning snow.

I wrote this! - When you have time, please visit me and stay for the night. Let's talk together. I will be waiting for you with Yusui*. Although it is not as good if there were only you and me. Sorry to have nothing special to pass on this time. That's all.
– The 12th day of the 9th (lunar) month –
PS I am greatly looking forward to your visit."

The poem was composed in 1691, at Gichu-ji, a Tendai temple in Otsu where Basho often stayed in a cottage called Mumyo-an, "Nameless Hut". Basho was later buried in Gichu-ji temple.

*Yusui, mentioned in the letter, is Mizuta Masahide (1657-1723), a medical doctor and Samurai. As a poet he was a follower of Basho. Masahide was the head of a group of poets who built (paid for) the Mumyo-an.

- source : BachmannEckenstein | JapaneseArt -


. . . 今朝東雲のころ、木曽寺の鐘 の音枕に響き、起きいでて見 れば、白妙の花の木に咲きて 　　　おもしろく
source : itoyo/basho/haikusyu


Masahide's Death Poem

while I walk on
the moon keeps pace beside me:
friend in the water
(wikipedia)


- - - - - Matsuo Basho's haiku about
. - - - nikumu 憎む to hate, to despise - - - .

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A Resting Place for His Spirit: Basho in Zeze
from the Basho4Now Trilogy
Translations and Commentary by Jeff Robbins
Assisted by Sakata Shoko

Of all the places Basho visited in his travels, one in particular, Zeze, a section of Otsu, (now around the eastern end of the Omi Ohashi Bridge) just across the mountains to the west of Kyoto, drew in his heart. Basho spent days and months at various locations in Zeze, somehow connecting with the place – so just before he died, he requested that he be buried at Gichuji Temple, a short walk from the shore of Lake Biwa.

One attraction of Zeze to Basho’s heart was the presence of Lake Biwa and the mountains surrounding the shore of the vast lake.
- snip -
We begin just after Basho finished his journey to the Deep North in the autumn of 1689; still traveling, he went to Ise and his hometown Iga (in Mie-ken). From Iga, Zeze in Otsu is just across a range of low mountains to the north. Here, 400 years before, lived the poetess and nun Shosho. In the coldest time of the year, Basho visits Chigetsu for the first time.
- snip -
- source : Jeff Robbins -


Take Back the Sun
By Jeff Robbins
- source : books.google.co.jp -

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. Kobayashi Issa (小林一茶) .

芭蕉塚先拝む也はつ紙子
bashoo-zuka mazu ogamu nari hatsu kamiko

at Basho's grave
beginning with a prayer...
first paper robe

Paper robe (kamiko) is a winter season word: a thin, wind-resistant outer kimono.
"First paper robe" (hatsu kamiko) refers to the first one worn in the season.
The great haiku poet Matsuo Bashô was associated with winter rain, and he wrote well-known poems about paper robes. His death anniversary, which falls on the 12th day of Tenth Month, is also called "Winter Rain Anniversary" (shigure ki). His grave is at Gichu Temple in Otsu, near Kyoto.

David Lanoue

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. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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