cha - drinking tea

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- cha 茶　tea - Tee -

Inviting friends for the tea ceremony was a well-loved entertainment of the learned poets of Edo.

The tea ceremony comes with a saijiki of its own.

. WKD : Tea Ceremony Saijiki 茶道の歳時記 .

. WKD : Green tea from Japan 茶　.


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source :　matsukama.jugem
お茶をどうぞ！ Basho invites for a cup of tea in Matsushima




朝茶飲む僧静かなり菊の花
. asacha nomu soo shizuka nari kiku no hana .
a priest drinking tea in the morning



富士の山蚤が茶臼の覆かな
. Fuji no yama nomi ga chausu no ooi kana .
Mount Fuji looks like a mortar for grinding tea



稲雀茶の木畠や逃げ処
. inasuzume cha no kibatake ya nigedokoro .
sparrows from the rice paddies hiding in the tea bushes



五つ六つ茶の子にならぶ囲炉裏哉
. itsutsu mutsu cha no ko ni narabu irori kana .
five or six sweets for tea



木隠れて茶摘みも聞くやほととぎす
. kogakurete chatsumi mo kiku ya hototogisu .
the song of a hototogisu and the tea pickers



柴の戸に茶を木の葉掻く嵐哉
. shiba no to ni cha o konoha kaku asashi kana .
the wind sweeps tea leaves against a brushwood gate



駿河路や花橘も茶の匂ひ
. Suruga ji ya hana tachibana mo cha no nioi .
tachibana citrus blossoms smell of tea in Suruga


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摘みけんや茶を凩の秋とも知らで
tsumiken ya cha o kogarashi no aki to mo shirade

they pick tea leaves -
without considering that for the plant
it must feel like a winter storm
Tr. Gabi Greve


Written in 延宝9年, Basho age 38.

When the leaves are picked by the girls in late spring, the bushes must feel like in an autumn storm, shedding their leaves. But the picking girls do not even know this.
On the other hand, tea shrubs shed their leaves in spring, they say.
The meaning is not quite clear.

This hokku has three kigo,
chatsumi for spring, aki for autumn and kogarashi for winter.
It has the meter 5 7 7.

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馬に寝て残夢月遠し茶の煙
uma ni nete zanmu tsuki tooshi cha no kemuri / 茶のけぶり


dozing on my horse,
with dream lingering and moon distant:
smoke from a tea fire
Tr. Barnhill



On horseback half-asleep,
Half-dreaming, the moon far off,
Smoke from the morning tea.

Bashō left the inn in the early morning. He had not slept well, and he sat on the horse still half-asleep. In the western sky the moon was fading as it sank, and from here and there rose in the air the smoke of the fires being lit for the morning cup of tea. The horse, Bashō himself, the dreams of the night, the faintness of the moon in the distance, and the unwilling smoke are all in harmony with the morning stillness and half-awakeness.
Tr. and Comment by Blyth



Dozing on horseback
I’m half in a dream faraway from the moon --
smoke for morning tea

The Basho’s haiku differs from his earlier mere playfulness with words and depicts his vividly half-dreaming consciousness on a painful trip. It demonstrates a sophisticated urban rhetoric, an allusion to ancient Chinese poetry, as well as novelty in diction which when combined were useful tools for Basho to express unexpected and previously unarticulated experiences found on his trip.
source : Ban’ya Natsuishi



Napping upon my horse,
A dream lingering, a distant moon --
Smoke from preparing Tea
Tr. only1tanuki

This is an allusion to a waka by Saigyo Hoshi　西行.

In the haikai collection Sanzooshi 三冊子 it reads

馬に寝て残夢残月茶の煙


Nozarashi Kiko 野ざらし紀行, 1684
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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侘びてすめ月侘斎が奈良茶歌
. wabite sume tsuki wabisai ga Naracha uta .
and the importance of haikai



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Hokku where the word CHA is not used directly


hoiro 焙炉 fire-heated rolling table to dry tea leaves


source :　alit.city.iruma.saitama.jp

A hoiro was a box made of wood and bamboo. The plate was made of many layers of strong Japanese washi paper. The tea leaves are constantly moved on the table while they are steamed from the oven placed below.
During this process, the tea leaves give off a very pleasing aroma.



source :lovecafe.exblog.jp
a tea house in Uji


山吹や宇治の焙炉の匂ふ時　
yamabuki ya Uji no hoiro no niou toki

mountain roses -
when tea ovens at Uji
are so fragrant
Tr. Barnhill


Yellow mountain roses -
when the ovens at Uji give off
the fragrance of tea leaves
Tr. Blyth


Yellow Japanese roses !
Smell of the green tea of Uji
Coming from the drier.
Tr. Oseko


Written in the spring of 1690, 元禄4年春
this hokku has the cut marker YA at the end of line 1.
It ends with TOKI 時, the time when . . .



source :　Naokimi Yamada


quote
The two parts of the toriawase are closely connected: Uji, a village south of Kyoto, was noted for both its tea and its yamabuki (“yellow mountain roses”). In spring, when the yamabuki bloom, the freshly picked tea leaves were placed in ovens to dry, thus creating a memorable aroma.
The headnote suggests that as the speaker gazes at the yamabuki in the painting, he is reminded of Uji and the aroma of tea leaves in the spring. An even more profound connection can be found, however, at the level of a mutual, diaphoric metaphor: the glow of the yellow flowers of the yamabuki (kerria) synesthetically resembles the warm fragrance of the new tea leaves being dried and roasted at Uji and vice versa.
Blyth on Basho
source : terebess.hu



source :　wikipedia
By hand of Basho:　芭蕉自畫, 1691


. WKD : Uji matsuri 宇治祭 Uji Festival .
The Uji region is famous for its green tea, gryokro　玉露, and also for its beautiful yamabuki mountain roses.


. WKD : Yellow Mountain Rose (yamabuki 山吹).
Kerria japonica



hoiro 焙炉, a contraption to dry tea leaves.


source :　www.ndl.go.jp
special hoiro by Takamatsu san
焙茶炉 - National Diet Library


quote
Long ago when tea was produced entirely by hand, the tea rollers would shout
"hoiro age!"
as they passed their just rolled tea off the fire-heated rolling table, the hoiro.
These words now are a traditional greeting uttered at the end of the shincha harvest of new tea leaves.
source : apaluya.net/Japantea


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Two hokku related to the
. Tea Ceremony Saijiki 茶道の歳時記 .



kuchikiri, kuchi kiri kuchikiri 口切 opening a new jar of tea


口切に堺の庭ぞなつかしき　
. kuchikiri ni Sakai no niwa zo natsukashiki .
(winter) opening a new jar of green tea. garden in Sakai. full of memories

Remembering Sakai in Osaka and Sen Rikyu, the famous Tea Master.


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robiraki 炉開き "opening the hearth"
irori hiraku 囲炉裏開く（いろりひらく）"opening the open hearth"
On the first of the lunar 10th month, now in November.
Sometimes on the first day of the wild boar.
The hearth 炉 is opened for the first time since April. Tea for this ceremony is prepared with tea powder made from leaves freshly picked that summer.
This hearth, ro, will be used from now until the following April.



炉開きや左官老い行く鬢の霜　
robiraki ya sakan oi yuku bin no shimo

opening the hearth —
the aging plasterer
with sideburns of frost
Tr. Barnhill


Fireplace opening -
The plasterer is getting old
With frost in his sidelocks.
Tr. Oseko


On the 1st day of the 10th lunar month, 1692
元禄5年10月1日頃

Basho has the same plasterer come every year to help with the repairing of the hearth. When observing his hair getting white, he thought about his own ageing.


. WKD : bin 鬢 hair at the temple .


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source :　www.cafepress.co.uk

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. WKD : Tea Ceremony Saijiki 茶道の歳時記 .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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Edo the Castle Town

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- Edo 江戸 the Castle Town -

From 1603 to 1868, the city of Edo was the seat of power of the Tokugawa shogunate and the political center of Japan. In 1868 the city was renamed Tokyo and made the official capital of the nation.

. - - - Welcome to Edo　江戸 ! - - - the Edo Jidai Guidebook .

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秋十年却って江戸を指す故郷
秋十年却て江戸を指故郷
秋十とせ却て 江戸を指古郷
aki totose kaette Edo o sasu kokyoo

ten years ten autumns -
now I think of Edo
as my hometown
Tr. Gabi Greve

Basho has lived in Edo now for ten years and feels it is his home now.
He sets out on a trip to his hometown in Iga, Ueno.

. Nozarashi Kiko 野ざらし紀 .


totose 十歳 - an expression from the Genji Monogatari.

Hashi Hime, Hashihime 橋姫

その人もかしこにてうせ侍にし後ととせあまりにて
sono hito mo kashiko ni te use haberi ni shi nochi,
totose amari nite


quote
A pictorial subject based on "The Lady at the Bridge" Hashihime, Chapter 45 of GENJI MONOGATARI 源氏物語 (The Tale of Genji).



The last ten chapters of the Tale are known as UJI JUUJOU 宇治十帖 (The Ten Books of Uji). This chapter, the first of the ten, introduces the Eighth Prince Hachi no miya 八宮, a half-brother of Genji, and his two daughters, Ooigimi 大君 and Naka no kimi 中君, who live with him in his self-imposed retirement at Uji (south of Kyoto). The prince is known for his piety and wisdom. Kaoru 薫, whose serious character is engendered by deep misgivings about his paternity, begins to study under Hachi no miya.
Eventually he learns from Ben no kimi 弁君, the daughter of *Kashiwagi's 柏木 wet nurse, that he is not in fact Genji's son, but rather the illegitimate son of Kashiwagi. The scene most frequently chosen for illustration shows Ooigimi playing a lute biwa 琵琶 and Naka no kimi a harp koto 琴 under the moon and clouds while Kaoru secretly peers in through a break in the villa's bamboo fence.
This scene survives in a section of the earliest illustrated version (12c) in the Tokugawa 徳川 Art Museum.
source : Jaanus


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富士の風や扇にのせて江戸土産
. Fuji no kaze ya oogi ni nosete Edo miyage .
The wind from mount Fuji as a souvenir from Edo . . .


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. Koishikawa 小石川養生所　 Koishikawa Yojosho Hospital in Edo .


Katsushika Hokusai 礫川雪ノ旦/小石川雪ノ旦
snow at the tea house in Koishikawa


一時雨礫や降つて小石川　
hito shigure tsubute ya futte Koishikawa

a winter drizzle
and now - some hailstones falling
at Koishikawa
Tr. Gabi Greve


Written in 1677 延宝５年, Basho age 34
The cut marker YA is in the middle of line 2.

The name Koishikawa used to be written with the Chinses characters 礫川.
礫 means small stones, Basho here uses a pun with the hailstones.
. Koishikawa 小石川 in Edo .


With a stone memorial
愚考、延宝元年の吟なり。むかしは礫川と書、後に小石川とあらたむるといふ故に、此作あり。袖日記には貞享二年の部にのせたるは非なり。貞享元の春より正風体を専らに唱ふ。
source : michiko328


Tokugawa Mitsukuni　徳川光圀
. Mito Komon 水戸黄門 .
(1628 - 1701)

In some jidaigeki Samurai movies in Japan, Mito Komon and Matsuo Basho can be seen travelling in Tohoku together.


Matsuo Basho was played by Sakai Masa-aki 堺正章.


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詠むるや江戸には稀な山の月
nagamuru ya Edo ni wa mare na yama no tsuki

Let us write poetry!
the moon above the moutains
is hardly seen in Edo


Written in 延宝4年, Basho age 33

Basho had been back in Iga Ueno for the second time and compares the bright moon of his mountainous region with the usually clouded moon of Edo.
The town of Edo had already more than 1.000.000 inhabitants and its own environmental problems with all the wood and coal fires for cooking and heating.


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quote
During Basho’s youth, Edo city is in the process of rapid economic growth.
In 1672, Basho dared to move to Edo, ambitious to become a haiku master with great popularity. At this time, Basho wrote a haiku praising the prosperity of two Japanese capitals: Edo and Kyoto.

天秤や京江戸かけて千代の春
tenbin ya Kyō Edo kakete chiyo no haru


Kyoto and Edo,
Calmly balanced on a scale,
Forever in spring.
Tr. Yuasa



quote
On the giant scales
Kyô and Edo balance
spring of one thousand years
Tr. Ban’ya Natsuishi

In Edo where Basho was residing, a Kabuki actor Danjuro Ichikawa (1660-1704) made his flashy debut in 1673. In 1677, “Edo Suzume”, a guidebook of Edo sites, illustrated by an ukiyo-e painter Moronobu Hishikawa (1618-1694) was published. Commercial wealth and a growing chônin (bourgeois) population gave birth to a lively and gorgeous culture in big cities: Osaka, Kyoto and Edo.
“Tenbin” (scales) in the above haiku suggests money changer’s prosperous activity. So, the haiku shows us that Basho, free from worry and hesitation, was sympathized with the urban atmosphere of Edo under economic and cultural development. Basho’s rhetoric is bold enough to make up “the giant scales” which weighs Kyoto and Edo.
His bold rhetoric was directly related to the expanding urbanism of Edo.

Modernity and anti-urbanism in Basho Matsuo
. Ban’ya Natsuishi .


Kyoto the aristocrat capital and
Edo the samurai capital

and now noodles -
Soba of Edo versus Udon of Kyoto




Matsuo Basho visiting
. - Kyooto 京都 Kyoto, Kyo -　Miyako 都 / みやこ- .



. WKD : tenbin 天秤 scales and salesmen in Edo .


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3 Paintings of Basho from the Basho Kinenkan in Tokyo
江東区芭蕉記念館
source : www.bashouan.com


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Matsuo Basho in
. - Kyooto 京都 Kyoto, Kyo -　Miyako 都 / みやこ- .


. - - - Welcome to Edo　江戸 ! .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .



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Emotions expressed directly

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- emotions expressed directly - Emotionen -

Basho sometimes expressed his emotions quite directly, as did other haikai poets.

The main introduction is here :
. WKD : Emotions in Kigo and Haiku .

- - - - - including the following by Basho :

anzuru　あんずる my humble view
愚案ずるに冥土もかくや秋の暮
gu anzuru ni meido mo kaku ya aki no kure

monohoshi desirable, I would like to have
. monohoshi ya fukuro no uchi no tsuki to hana .

obotsukanai おぼつかない to worry
蛍見や船頭酔うておぼつかな - - - . hotarumi ya sendoo yoote obotsukana .
we worry about the drunken boatman

urayamashi 羨まし to envy something
urayamashi ukiyo no kita no yama-zakura .


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. aware 哀れ　-　憐れ pathos, pity .


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- - - - - abunai　あぶない/ abunaki koto あぶなきこと getting dangerous - - - - -

茸狩やあぶなきことに夕時雨
. takegari ya abunaki koto ni yuu shigure .


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- - - - - akiru, akite 飽きて / 倦て I am bored - - - - -

京に飽きてこの木枯や冬住ひ
. Kyoo ni akite kono kogarashi ya fuyuzumai .


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- - - - - arigataya, arigataki 有難や / 有難き to be grateful, I am grateful - - - - -

有難や雪をかほらす南谷 - South Valley at Mount Hagurosan
. arigataya yuki o kaorasu Minamidani .
arigataya yuki o kaorasu kaze no oto

有難き姿拝まんかきつばた
. arigataki sugata ogaman kakitsubata .


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- - - - - bushoo 不精 lazy, laziness, indolent - - - - -

不精さや掻き起されし春の雨
. bushoosa ya kaki-okosareshi haru no ame .


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- - - - - fujiyuu 不自由 how inconvenient!, how awkward! - - - - -

此筋は銀も見しらず不自由さよ
. kono suji wa gin mo mishirazu fujiyuusa yo .


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- - - - - haji 恥 shame, disgrace

白菊よ白菊よ恥長髪よ長髪よ
. shira-giku yo shira-giku yo haji naga kami yo naga kami yo . 　　


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- - - - - heta 下手 to be unscillfull, paint poorly - - - - -

朝顔は下手の書くさへあはれなり
. asagao wa heta no kaku sae aware nari .


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- - - - - hisoka ni 竊に　。　ひそかに　secretly - - - - -

夜ル竊ニ虫は月下の栗を穿ツ
. yoru hisokani mushi wa gekka no kuri o ugatsu .
in the moonlight, a worm


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- - - - - isogawashi, isogashii 忙はし busily - - - - -

ほととぎす鳴く鳴く飛ぶぞ忙はし
. hototogisu / naku naku tobu zo / isogawashi .

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- - - - - ikameshiki, ikameshii 厳めしい solemn, stern, dignified, harsh - - - - -

いかめしき音や霰の檜木笠
. ikameshiki oto ya arare no hinoki-gasa .


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- - - - - kamawanai, kamawanu かまはぬ I do not care, to feel indifferent to - - - - -

樫の木の花にかまはぬ姿かな
. kashi no ki no hana ni kamawanu sugata kana .


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- - - - - kanashii, kanashiki 悲しい, 悲しき sad, miserable sorrowful - - - - -

秋風に折れて悲しき桑の杖
. akikaze ni orete kanashiki kuwa no tsue .

ぴいと啼く尻声悲し夜の鹿
. pii to naku shirigoe kanashi yoru no shika .
the lingering sound of a deer (also rendered as beee or heee). - びいと啼く尻聲悲し夜乃鹿

おもしろうてやがて悲しき鵜舟哉
. omoshiroote yagate kanashiki ubune kana .

義仲の寝覚めの山か月悲し
. Yoshinaka no nezame no yama ka tsuki kanashi .

雪悲しいつ大仏の瓦葺き
. yuki kanashi itsu Daibutsu no kawarabuki .


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- - - - - karushi 軽し, karoshi. light, lightness - - - - -

ものひとつ我が世は軽き瓢哉　 - ものひとつ瓢はかろき我よかな　
. mono hitotsu hisago wa karuki waga yo kana .


木の葉散る桜は軽し檜木笠
. konoha chiru sakura wa karushi hinokigasa .


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- - - - - kidoku, kitoku 奇特 laudable, praiseworthy - - - - -

桜狩奇特や日々に五里六里
. sakuragari kidoku ya hibi ni go ri roku ri .


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- - - - - kigen 　きげん　 I feel good, I feel great - - - - -

せつかれて年忘するきげんかな
. setsukarete toshi wasure suru kigen kana.


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- - - - - kioshi 清し to be clear, pure - - - - -

磨なをす鏡も清し 雪の花
. togi-naosu kagami mo kiyoshi yuki no hana .


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- - - - - koishi 恋し to long for - - - - -

父母のしきりに戀し雉子の声 / 父母のしきりに恋し雉の声
. chichi haha no shikiri ni koishi kiji no koe .

梅恋ひて卯の花拝む涙哉
. ume koite u no hana ogamu namida kana .

古き名の角鹿や恋し秋の月
. furuki na no Tsunuga ya koishi aki no tsuki .

元日は田毎の日こそ恋しけれ
. ganjitsu wa tagoto no hi koso koishikere .

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- - - - - kutabirete くたびれて. 草臥れてI am getting tired - - - - -

草臥れて宿借るころや藤の花　
. kutabirete yado karu koro ya fuji no hana .


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- - - - - magirawashi まぎらわしい/ 紛らわしい confusing / hardly distiguishable - - - - -

烏賊売の声まぎらはし杜宇
. ika uri no koe magirawashi hototogisu .


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- - - - - medetashi めでたし laudable, to be celebrated - 目出度き medetaki - - - - -

稲こきの姥もめでたし菊の花　
. ine koki no uba mo medetashi kiku no hana .

めでたき人の数にも入らむ老の暮
目出度き人の数にも入らん老の暮 / めでたき人のかずにも入らむ老のくれ
. medetaki hito no kazu ni mo iran oi no kure .


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- - - - - mezurashii めずらし / 珍しい how extraordinary ! Surprizingly new! - - - - -

めずらしや山をで羽の初茄子
. mezurashi ya yama o Dewa no hatsu nasubi .


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- - - - - mono kaha, monokawa ものかは who cares - - - - -

二日酔ひものかは花のあるあひだ
. futsukayoi mono kawa hana no aru aida .


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- - - - - modokashii もどかしい　to be impatient, irritated - - - - -

時雨をやもどかしがりて松の雪　
. shigure o ya modokashigarite matsu no yuki .


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- - - - - monofukashi, mono fukashi ものふかし / 物深し a quiet depth - - - - -

暖簾の奥ものふかし北の梅
. nooren no oku monofukashi kita no ume .


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- - - - - moroi, もろい【脆い】 moroki hito もろき人 a fragile, delicate person - - - - -

もろき人にたとへん花も夏野哉　
. moroki hito ni tatoen hana mo natsu no kana .


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- - - - - muzan むざん pitiful, Alas! how tragic, how piteous! cruel, heartrendering - - - - -

むざんやな　甲の下の　きりぎりす
. muzan ya na kabuto no shita no kirigirisu .


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- - - - - muzukashii むつかし difficult - - - - -

女夫鹿や毛に毛が揃うて毛むつかし
. meoto jika ya ke ni ke ga soroute ke muzukashi .


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- - - - - nageku, nageki 嘆き grieving, lamenting - - - - -

花にあかぬ嘆きやこちの歌袋
. hana ni akanu nageki ya kochi no utabukuro .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - namagusai なまぐさし it smells raw - - - - -

なまぐさし小菜葱が上の鮠の腸
. namagusashi konagi ga ue no hae no wata .

..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - nanto, nan to, nani tomo 何と what to make of this ? - - - - -

あら何ともなや昨日は過ぎて河豚汁
. ara nani tomo ya kinoo wa sugite fukutojiru .

笠もなきわれを時雨るるかこは何と
. kasa mo naki ware o shigururu ka ko wa nanto .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - natsukashii, natsukashiki 懐かしい, なつかしき　 remembering something fondly - - - - -

口切に堺の庭ぞなつかしき　
. kuchikiri ni Sakai no niwa zo natsukashiki .


京にても京なつかしやほととぎす
. Kyoo ni te mo Kyoo natsukashi ya hototogisu .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - niawashi, niau 似合はし to suit, to fit - - - - -

似合はしや豆の粉飯に桜狩り
. niawashi ya mame no ko meshi ni sakura-gari .


..........................................................................................................................................................


. - - - - - nikumu 憎む to hate, to despise - - - - - .

- - - - - ばせを植ゑてまづ憎む荻の二葉哉
bashoo uete mazu nikumi ogi no futaba kana / bashō

- - - - - ひごろ憎き烏も雪の朝哉　
. higoro nikuki karasu mo yuki no ashita kana .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - nosabari kerashi のさばりけらし - - - - -

月雪とのさばりけらし年の暮
. tsuki yuki to nosabari kerashi toshi no kure .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - odoroku おどろく　/　驚く to be surprized - - - - -

ちるはなや鳥も驚く琴の塵
. chiru hana ya tori mo odoroku koto no chiri .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - ogamu 拝む to worship, pray - - - - -

有難き姿拝まんかきつばた
. arigataki sugata ogaman kakitsubata (KAKI tsubata) .

皆拝め二見の七五三を年の暮
. mina ogame Futami no shime o toshi no kure .
- - - - - and - do not doubt this utagau na うたがふな
うたがふな潮の花も浦の春
utagau na ushio no hana mo ura no haru

夏山に足駄を拝む首途哉
. natsuyama ni ashida o ogamau kadode kana .

梅恋ひて卯の花拝む涙哉
. ume koite u no hana ogamu namida kana .

..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - okashi をかし　 to feel at east, light-hearted - - - - -
as opposed to "mono no aware"
明るい知性的な美
source : wkp.fresheye.com
ーーーーー okashiki をかしき　 to feel at east


なかなかに心をかしき臘月哉
. naka naka ni kokoro okashiki shiwasu kana .

濡れて行くや人もをかしき雨の萩
. nurete yuku ya hito mo okashiki ame no hagi .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - omoitatsu 思ひ立つ I am resolved to do something - - - - -

思ひ立つ木曽や四月の桜狩り
. omoitatsu Kiso ya shigatsu no sakuragari .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - omoshiroi 面白い　 how interesting/ funny - - - - -

霧時雨富士を見ぬ日ぞ面白き
. kiri-shigure Fuji o minu hi zo omoshiroki .

. omoshiroki aki no asane ya teishuburi .
(autumn) light sleep, my host

. omoshiroote yagate kanashiki ubune kana.

. omoshiro ya kotoshi no haru mo tabi no sora.


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - oshimu　惜しむ　 to miss, to deplore
to hold something dear, place great value on something
- - - - - . WKD : to lament the passing of a season .

行く春を近江の人と惜しみける
. yuku haru o Oomi no hito to oshimikeru .

湖や暑さを惜しむ雲の峰
. mizu-umi ya atsusa o oshimu kumo no mine .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - otoroi 衰ひ getting older, my strength is declining - - - - -

衰ひや歯に喰ひ当てし海苔の砂
. otoroi ya ha ni kuiateshi nori no suna.


.........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - rei iu 礼いふ to say thank you, feel gratitude - - - - -

このほどを花に礼いふ別れ哉
. kono hodo o hana ni rei iu wakare kana .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - sabi さび to be somber - - - - -

月さびよ明智が妻の咄せむ
. tsuki sabiyo Akechi ga tsuma no hanashi sen .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - . - sabishisa　さびしさ - 寂しさ loneliness -
sabishii 寂しい　to feel lonely, I feel lonely . - - - - -

and
- - - - - shizukasa 閑さ - shizuka 静か - - - - -
stillness, quietude, silence

..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - saiwai 幸ひ luckily - - - - -

初雪や幸ひ庵にまかりある　
. hatsu yuki ya saiwai an ni makariaru .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - sakasama さかさま things are upside down - - - - -

萎れ伏すや世はさかさまの雪の竹
. shiore fusu ya yo wa sakasama no yuki no take .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - samushi, samui 寒い　さむし / 寒し I feel cold - - - - -

貧山の釜霜に鳴く声寒し
. hinzan no kama shimo ni naku koe samushi .

物言えば唇寒し秋の風
. mono ieba kuchibiru samushi aki no kaze .

寒けれど二人寝る夜ぞ頼もしき
. samukeredo futari neru yoru zo tanomoshiki .

被き伏す蒲団や寒き夜やすごき
. kazuki fusu futon ya samuki yo ya sugoki .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - sareba koso されば well, in that case, well indeed - - - - -


さればこそ荒れたきままの霜の宿
. sareba koso aretaki mama no shimo no yado .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - shiorashii しおらしい　/ 悄らしい modest, meek / shihorashiki しほらしき how appealing - - - - -

しほらしき名や小松吹萩すゝき
. shiorashiki na ya komatsu fuku hagi susuki .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - sono mama, sonomama そのまま just as things are, just as it is - - - - -

蓮池や折らでそのまま玉祭
. hasu-ike ya orade sonomama tamamatsuri .

柴の戸の月やそのまま阿弥陀坊
. shiba no to no tsuki ya sono mama Amida boo .

そのままよ月もたのまじ伊吹山
. sono mama yo tsuki mo tanomaji Ibuki-yama .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - susabi すさび just for the fun of it - - - - -

竹の子や稚き時の絵のすさび
. ukifushi ya take no ko to naru hito no hate .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - sugoki, sugoshi, sugoi すごき、凄し, 凄い dreadful, terrible, desolate - - - - -
extreme

秋の風伊勢の墓原なほ凄し
. aki no kaze Ise no hakahara nao sugoshi .

被き伏す蒲団や寒き夜やすごき
. kazuki fusu futon ya samuki yo ya sugoki .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - susamajiki 冷じき dreadful - - - - -
susamajii 凄まじい terrible, horrible, dreadful, overwhelming
weird, ghastly, gruesome, grim, fierce (osoroshi)
violent, tremendous, awful, amazing, absurd, intense

卯の花も母なき宿ぞ冷じき
. u no hana mo haha naki yado zo susamajiki .


osoroshi 恐ろしい dreadful, terrible

蛇食ふと　聞けばおそろし　雉子の声
. hebi kuu to kikeba osoroshi kiji no koe .
the dreadful voice of a pheasant


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - suzushii 涼し coolness, I feel cool - - - - -

- - - - - . - suzumi 涼み / すゞみ to enjoy a cool breeze in summer - . - - - - -

- - - - - . - suzushisa 涼しさ coolness - . - - - - -


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - tanomoshiki, tanomoshii 頼もしき reliable, quite a pleasure - - - - -

寒けれど二人寝る夜ぞ頼もしき
. samukeredo futari neru yoru zo tanomoshiki .

そのままよ月もたのまじ伊吹山
. sono mama yo tsuki mo tanomaji Ibuki-yama .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - tanomu 頼む to ask a person to do something,
to depend on, to count on - - - - -

まづ頼む椎の木もあり夏木立
. mazu tanomu shii no ki mo ari natsu kodachi .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - tanoshisa 楽しさ how enjoyable - - - - -

楽しさや青田に涼む水の音
. tanoshisa ya aota ni suzumu mizu no oto .

..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - toboshi　乏しい,　とぼし　to be scarce - - - - -
mazushi 貧しい、まずし to want

粟稗にとぼしくもあらず草の庵　 - - 粟稗にまづしくもなし草の庵
. awa hie ni toboshiku mo arazu kusa no io .


..........................................................................................................................................................


. - tootoi とうとい尊い / 貴い holy, noble respectful - .
tootosa　とうとさ　

..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - ukifushi 憂き節 wretched, how sad - - - - -

憂き節や竹の子となる人の果
. ukifushi ya take no ko to naru hito no hate .
(for Lady Kogo no Tsubone)

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- - - - - utsukushiki, utsukushii 美しい、うつくしき beautiful - - - - -

. tsukimi suru za ni utsukushiki kao mo nashi .
. . . . meigetsu ya umi ni mukaeba nana Komachi

美しきその姫瓜や后ざね
. utsukushiki sono hime uri ya kisaki zane .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - wabi, wabite 侘び、わびて desolate, alone - - - - -

暮れ暮れて餅を木魂の侘寝哉
. kure kurete mochi o kodama no wabine kana / kurekurete .

侘びてすめ月侘斎が奈良茶歌
. wabite sume tsuki wabisai ga Naracha uta .
and the importance of haikai


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - yasuyasu to, yasu yasu to 安々と easily - - - - -

安々と出でていざよふ月の雲
. yasuyasu to idete izayou tsuki no kumo .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - yoku mireba よくみれば looking carefully, looking closely - - - - -

よく見れば薺花咲く垣根かな　
. yoku mireba nazuna hana saku kakine kana .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - yukashi, yukai ゆかし, 愉快 how enjoyable, lovely - - - - -

御子良子の一本ゆかし梅の花　
. okorago no hitomoto yukashi ume no hana .


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source : FB

稲妻にさとらぬ人の貴さよ 　
inazuma ni satoranu hito no tootosa yo

How admirable!
to see lightning and not think
life is fleeting.　


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quote
Songs in the Garden: Poetry and Gardens in Ancient Japan
Marc Peter Keane - review by LEANNE OGASAWARA

Way back in 1998, Steven Heine wrote an article about emotions in Japanese religion and literature. The basic premise went something like this:
While in general Buddhism seeks to restrain human emotion as being an impediment to enlightenment, Japanese forms of Buddhism are different in that they have instead traditionally sought to refine or transform the emotions into something edifying.

This perhaps unique way in which emotions are handled in Japanese Buddhism has had a significant impact on certain Japanese cultural practices including literature, and this “transformation” or refining of the emotions has traditionally taken place within the context of an appreciation of nature and the turning of the four seasons.
snip
Songs in the Garden begins with the unforgettable scene from the Tale of Genji when the Shining Prince is sitting beside his love Lady Murasaki who is ill and not long for this world. It is a heart-wrenching scene. The two are overcome with sadness that they will soon part (she will die; he will have to go on living without her).
Gazing out at the garden, Murasaki responds to the tears in her lover’s eyes with a poem:

Could it be
I will disappear, having lasted
not much longer
Then the pearls of dew
that barely cling to the lotus leaves

Genji replies:

Let us promise
that not just in this life
our hearts will be as one
As close as jeweled drops of dew
beaded on a lotus leaf

In this way, their individual sadness (and attachment) is refined into something more uplifting, something that is not only shared between the two of them, but that is aesthetically meaningful to the aristocratic elite of Heian culture.
source : kyotojournal.org/reviews



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. Basho shedding tears .
- tears 涙 namida - to cry 泣くnaku -



. WKD : Emotions in Kigo and Haiku .


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furusato and Basho

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- furusato ふるさと　故郷、古里 home village, home town, Heimat -

The mention of the word FURUSATO in Japan will bring a lot of emotions to the heart, it is very very dear to the Japanese!
The German HEIMAT seems a bit similar in emotional potential.

There are many clichees with the Japanese "hometown" feeling, for example the red dragonfly, the graves of the ancestors, the Autumn festival at the local shrine and the food flavor of home (furusato no aji), expecially the miso soup made by mother (o-fukuro no aji).

hometown, home village, my native place, furusato
..... ふるさと　故郷、古里　故里　郷土　郷里
"my old village", "my home village", "my native village"

place where I was born, umare kokyoo 生まれ故郷
home country, kyookoku 郷国、郷関

The Japanese word KOKYOO sounds rather stiff, whereas FURUSATO is pleasing to the ear. Therefore FURUSATO is used mostly in haiku. Ever since Basho used it in his famous haiku, it has been used again and again. Some haiku may sound sentimental just because the use of this word. Yet, since we all can resonate with the feeling of belonging there, most haiku are well liked.

. WKD - furusato 故郷、古里 home town, Heimat.


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旧里や臍の緒に泣くとしの暮
ふるさとや ほぞのおになく としのくれ
furusato ya hozo no o ni naku toshi no kure

town where I was born -
as I weep over my umbilical cord
the year comes to a close
Tr. Ueda

Written in 1687 貞享4年, Oi no Kobumi

This hokku has the cut marker YA at the end of line 1.
Japanese mothers keep the umbilical cord as a memento of the birth of their babies.
heso no o, hozo no o 臍の緒 umbilical cord
When Basho has the chance to hold it in his hands again in Iga Ueno, he is overwhelmed with the memories of his late mother and father.



Photo: ©（牛久市森田武さん撮影）

Haiku Stone Monument in Iga Ueno
http://www.ese.yamanashi.ac.jp/~itoyo/basho/oinokobumi/oino13.htm#ku3

my home town -
I weep over my navel string
at the end of the year
Tr. Gabi Greve



umbilical cord box へその緒寿箱
The box is called Kotobuki-bako 寿箱　"Long Life Box", and sold at many shrines in Japan. There are many variations, with a small baby doll clad in kimono above the navel string.


....................................................................................................................................................


一里はみな花守の子孫かや　
. hitozato wa mina hanamori no shison kana .
hito sato wa mina hanamori no shison ka ya

In this village everyone is a descendant from Cherry Blossom Wardens.

....................................................................................................................................................


鐘撞かぬ里は何をか春の暮
. kane tsukanu sato wa nani o ka haru no kure .
temple bell in the village

(in another version, 'sato' is replaced by 'mura'.)

a village where no
bells ring: what, then,
of spring evenings?
Tr. Barnhill

....................................................................................................................................................


刈りかけし田面の鶴や里の秋
. karikakeshi tazura no tsuru ya sato no aki .

autumn in the village

....................................................................................................................................................


里人は稻に歌詠む都かな　
. (satobito) sato-bito wa ine ni uta yomu miyako kana .

the local people from the village

..........................................................................


里古りて柿の木持たぬ家もなし
sato furite kaki no ki motanu ie mo nashi

this old village -
no house without
persimmon trees


Dried kaki fruit was sometimes the only food the poor farmers in the Edo period could eat in winter, since they had to give away all their rice to the authorities for tax purposes. Therefore the kaki trees around each farm house were pure necessity to feed the hungry children.

Written on day 7 of the 8th lunar month in 1694, 元禄7年8月7日 Basho age 51.
Basho stayed at the home of 望翠 Bosui in Iga Ueno.
Some say he was the husband of his sister.
. Katano Boosui 片野望翠 Katano Bosui / 井筒屋新蔵 .


. WKD : kaki 柿 persimmon fruit .



In an old hamlet,
There is not a single house without
A persimmon tree.
Tr. Oseko


source :　kikyou0123


..........................................................................


里の子よ梅折り残せ牛の鞭　
. sato no ko yo ume orinokose ushi no muchi .

village kids, children of the village


....................................................................................................................................................



山里は万歳遅し梅の花
. yamazato wa manzai ososhi ume no hana .

a mountain village and the New Year's dancers


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With links to many Furusato-Basho towns and events:
source :　bashomichi.com/

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. WKD - furusato 故郷、古里 home town, Heimat.


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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Fuji, Mount Fujisan

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- Fuji 富士山　Mount Fujisan -

In the Edo of the times of Basho, Mount Fuji could be seen from many places.


First view of Mount Fuji, hatsu Fuji 初富士
is an important kigo for the New Year.




. WKD : Mount Fuji 富士山, Fuji-san, or Fujiyama, .


Basho wrote quite a few hokku about this famous mountain, Fuji no Yama.

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April 2013
Mount Fuji on verge of World Heritage listing



An important UNESCO panel has recommended that World Heritage status be granted to Mount Fuji, putting the iconic peak on a direct path to registration.

Japan’s tallest mountain is expected to be formally listed in June when the World Heritage Committee meets in Cambodia.

IMOCOS noted that the mountain is a national symbol of Japan and blends religious and artistic traditions, government officials said.
source : Japan Times, April 2013


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On Mount Fuji

Mount Kunlun is said to be far away, and in Mount Penglai and Mount Fangzhang dwell Daoist immortals. But right here before my eyes: Mount Fuji's great peak rises from the earth. It seems to hold up the blue heavens and open the cloud gate for the sun and moon.
From wherever I gaze, there is a consummate vista as the beautiful scenery goes through a thousand changes. Even poets can't exhaust this scene in verse; those with great talent and men of letters give up their words; painters too abandon their bushes and flee.
If the demigods of faraway Gushe Mountain were to appear, I wonder if even they could succeed in putting this scene into a poem or a painting.

雲霧の暫時百景を尽しけり
kumo kiri no zanji hyakkei o tsukushi keri

with clouds and mist
in a brief moment a hundred scenes
brought to fulfillment
Tr. Barnhill


This Sacred Earth: Religion, Nature, Environment - Roger S. Gottlieb
source : books.google.co.jp

Written in 1684 貞亨元年
. 野ざらし紀行 Nozarashi Kiko .

. Chinese background of Japanese haiku .


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富士の風や扇にのせて江戸土産
. Fuji no kaze ya oogi ni nosete Edo miyage .
wind from Mount Fuji


..........................................................................................................................................................




cha-usu 茶臼 tea grinding mortar


富士の山蚤が茶臼の覆かな
Fuji no yama nomi ga chausu no ooi kana / cha-usu

Mount Fuji
like the tea-grinding mill
carried by the lice . . .

Basho age 33
To compare Mount Fuji to a cha-usu, a mill for grinding tea leaves, has been done since olden times.

This is complete fiction to show the greatness of Mount Fuji.

There was a popular song in Edo to which Basho is referring

蚤が茶臼を背たら負うて、背たら負うて、
富士のお山をちょいと越えた

The lice are carrying a tea-grinding mill
carrying it on their back
just trying to climb over Mount Fuji.


It was also a popular game to cover a tea-grinding mill with strong washi paper to make it look like Mount Fuji.



source :　turbo717

Mount Fuji seen from the mountain hut called
Chausu 茶臼小屋は富士山
at the foot of Mount Chausu 茶臼岳



. WKD : Cha Tea Tee Chai - cha-usu.


.............................................................................



富士の雪廬生が夢を築かせたり
. Fuji no yuki Rosei ga yume o tsukasetari .
snow on Mount Fuji


.............................................................................


一尾根はしぐるる雲か富士の雪
hito one wa shigururu kumo ka Fuji no yuki

over one ridge
do I see winter rain clouds?
snow for Mt. Fuji

The above haiku is a beautiful 'winter landscape painting' on a large scale, in which you are viewing Mt. Fuji in relation to its surrounding mountain families. In the centre, you see Mt. Fuji covered with snow in all its glories. And you also see other mountain-families where probably snow does not reach, as they are not high enough. Your eyes travel from right to left and from left to right, surveying many different things happening. Over one ridge (o-ne) are winter clouds unloading their cargo. However, of all the mountains how tall, superb and magnificent the snow-covered Mt. Fuji is!
This haiku is famous for depicting the superiority of Mt. Fuji in relation to other mountain families.

Basho was 44 years old when he wrote this haiku in the year of 4 Jokyo (1687). He had left Edo on 25 October for the trip to his hometown. This haiku is recorded in Hakusen-Shu.

. Etsuko Yanagibori.


is one ridge
clouded with winter showers?
Fuji in snow
Tr. Barnhill





Written in the 11th lunar month of 1687, 貞亨4年11月
Maybe at the tea house Yuzu no Ki Chaya 柚木の茶屋.
In the year 1817 a stone monument was erected by a samurai 野楊 from the Kameyama domain in Tanba 丹波亀山藩士野楊.

. Oi no Kobumi 笈の小文 .

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雲を根に富士は杉形の茂りかな
. kumo o ne ni Fuji wa suginari no shigeri kana .
green foilage of Mount Fuji



目にかかる時やことさら五月富士　
. me ni kakaru toki ya kotosara satsuki Fuji .
Mount Fuji in the month of satsuki (May)


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霧時雨富士を見ぬ日ぞ面白き
. kiri shigure Fuji o minu hi zo omoshiroki .
Fuji in fog and cold drizzle


Shrouded in the dense fog of late autumn rains--
Fuji is unseen for the day.
Intriguing!　
Tr. only1tanuki
Basho Haiku Monument is on the Nishizaka of the Hakone Hachiri
source : only1tanuki




source :deviantart.com


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and for good measure

深川や芭蕉を富士にあずけゆく
Fukagawa ya bashoo o Fuji ni azuke-yuku

Fukagawa -
leaving the "banana tree" in the care
of Mount Fuji
Tr. Gabi Greve

Chiri 1684

Chiri was a student of Basho, who accompanied him on the Nozarashi trip in Jokyo 1 (1684). Basho was 41 years old at the time.
Chiri wrote this haiku during their visit to Mt. Fuji. In this haiku, the student is parting with Basho to travel on to another place, leaving him at the foot of Mt. Fuji in the care of the mountain. The haiku contains kake-kotoba, a word with a double meaning.
The word, 'Basho' means both the basho plant (musa/banana) which grew by Basho's hut at Fukagawa.
It also is, of course, the master's haigo (haiku name).

This hokku has the cut marker YA at the end of line 1.


Fukagawa -
leaving the basho tree
to Mount Fuji's care　
Tr. Barnhill



We depart,
leaving the bashō.
To Mount Fuji　
Tr. Blyth


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quote
In the waka tradition, the poetic hon’i of Mount Fuji lies in its lofty peak covered by white snow. The following waka from Ogura hyakunin isshu (The Ogura sequence of one hundred poems by one hundred poets)93 is a typical example:

At Tago Bay
I came out, and looked afar—
to see the hemp-white
of Mount Fuji’s lofty peak
under a flurry of snow.

tago no ura/ uchiidete mireba/ shirotae no/ Fuji no takane ni/ yuki wa furitsutsu

Bashô’s poem, however, gives no attention to the classical essence of Mount Fuji defined by the waka tradition, although he does mention the peak in the short haibun that precedes the poem. Even in his haibun, the depiction of the geographical features of Mount Fuji is minimized, mystified, and projected through the poet’s imagination of famous Daoist sites—Kunlun, Penglai, Fangzhang, and Gushe.

. . . The juxtaposition of Mount Fuji and the Daoist toponyms presents a symbolic landscape carefully designed: the appearances and definitions of the geographical space have changed as the visitor reimagines it through a Daoist perspective. Mount Fuji is no longer simply a place of physical grandeur; it has become an aesthetic landscape whose wonder manifests the power of zôka.
In this context, Bashô’s avoidance of portraying Mount Fuji reveals his aesthetic belief that the creation of zôka is so magnificent that no language can properly describe it.

source : Basho-and-the-Dao - Peipei-Qiu

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. WKD : Mount Fuji 富士山, Fuji-san, or Fujiyama, .


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