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. WKD - Hokku and Haikai 　発句と俳諧 . 　
The opening verse of a linked verse or beginning stanza was called " hokku　発句" .
Since about 1670, the haikai poets started composing stand-alone poems of 5 7 5, independent from the renku 連句　linked verse.
They were usually simply called KU　句, poem, verse.
A hokku and a haiku in Japan share the same basic formal criteria:
5 7 5 on
one kireji
one kigo/kidai
Shiki did not touch this formal definition when he promoted the naming of haiku 俳句.



. Haikai Kanjinchoo 俳諧勧進牒 - Collection to promote Haikai .
Compiled by Yasomura Rotsuu 八十村路通 Rotsu


. Heian - Basho in the footsteps of the Heian Period 平安時代　 .


- - - - -. hut　庵　my thatched hut, hermitage ### . - - - - -

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- - - - - . hachi takaki, hachitataki 鉢叩き　ceremony for Saint Kuya 空也上人 * . - - - - -


. hafuguchi no higake ya yowaru yuu suzumi .
(summer) coolness. edge of the gable. sunlight is weakening


- - - - -. WKD : hagi 　萩　bush clover . - - - - -
. hagihara ya hito-yo wa yadose yama no inu .
(atumn) bush clover field. shelter for a night. mountain dogs


. haiide yo kaiya ga shita no hiki no koe .
(summer) toad. crawl out! silkworm shed


- - - - - . haji 恥 shame, disgrace . 　- - - - - 　


- - - - - . hakama 袴　Hakama formal trouser skirt * . - - - - -

- - - - - . hakamairi 墓参り visiting graves at O-Bon * . - - - - -

- - - - - . hakkei 八景 Eight Views, eight famous scenic spots * . - - - - -



. Hakone kosu hito mo aru rashi kesa no yuki . 　
(winter) snow. Hakone pass (along the Tokaido road). people crossing



. hamaguri no futami ni wakarete yuku aki zo . at Ogaki
(autumn) autumn is leaving hamaguri clams

. hamaguri no ikeru kai are toshi no kure .
(winter) end of the year. hamaguri clams.



- - - - - hana 花 cherry blossoms - - - - -

. hana ni akanu nageki ya kochi no utabukuro .
(spring) cherry blossoms. I can not open my poetry pouch.

花に遊ぶ虻な喰ひそ友雀　
hana ni asobu / abu na kurai so / tomo suzume
(hokku)

. hana ni ukiyo waga sake shiroku meshi kuroshi .
(spring) cherry blossoms. floating world. white ricewine. black rice

. hana ni yoeri haori kite katana sasu onna .
(spring) cherry blossoms. a lady wears a haori coat and sword

. hana no kage utai ni nitaru tabine kana .
(spring) cherry blossoms. I feel like in a Noh play. sleeping on the road - at Yoshino

花の顔に晴れうてしてや朧月
hana no kao ni / hareute shite ya / oboro-zuki
(hokku)

. hana no kumo kane wa Ueno ka Asakusa ka .
(spring) clouds of cherry blossom. temple bell, Ueno, Asakusa (in Edo)


. hana no yado ni hajime owari ya hatsuka hodo .
(spring) cherry blossoms. from beginning to end about 20 days

. hana wa shizu no me ni mo mie-keri oni azami .
(autumn) demon thistle, the poor and lowly

. hanazakari - hana-zakari yama wa higoro no asaborake .
(spring) cherry blossoms. the Yoshino mountain at daybreak

- - - - -



- - - - - . hanami 花見 cherry blossom viewing - Basho SAIJIKI . - - - - -

. hanami ni to sasu fune ososhi Yanagihara .
(spring) cherry blossom viewing. leisurely boat. Yanagiwara embankment

- - - - - . hana no wakare 花の別れ I bid farwell to a cherry blossom . - - - - -

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. hana ayame ichiya ni kareshi Motome kana .
(summer) Ayame iris. withering over night. Kabuki actor Yoshioka Motome




. ha ni somuku tsubaki no hana ya yosogokoro .
(spring) camellia blossom. leaf. yoso gokoro, yoso-gokoro ... the heart goes astray . . .



. hanjitsu wa kami o tomo ni ya toshi wasure .
(winter) end of year party. half a day. in the company of the Shinto gods


. hana mina karete aware o kobosu kusa no tane .
(winter) withered flowers. pity. seeds of weeds


- - - - - . haori 羽織 Japanese coat * . - - - - -


. haranaka ya mono ni mo tsukazu naku hibari .
(spring) field with skylarks. not attached to anything. (voice of an animal)



. haremono ni yanagi no sawaru shinae kana .
haremono ni sawaru yanagi no shinae kana
haremono ni fureru yanagi no shinae kana
(spring) willow tree. hand touching a tumor


. haritate ya kata ni tsuchi utsu karakoromo .
no season. acupuncture needle. pounding my shoulder. cast-off robe




- - - - - haru 春 spring - - - --

. haru kaze ni fukidashi warau hana mogana .
(spring) spring wind. burst into laughter. cherry blossoms

. haru mo yaya keshiki totonou tsuki to ume /
(spring) spring takes shape. moon and plum blossoms

. haru nare ya na mo naki yama no usugasumi .
(spring) mountain. without a name. light mist

. haru no yo ya komorido yukashi doo no sumi .
(spring) spring night. person in retreat. temple corner (at temple Hasedera 長谷寺 Nara )


- - - - - . harusame　春雨　spring rain - 春の雨 haru no ame rain in spring 　 . > - - - --

. harusame no koshita ni tsutau shimizu kana .
(spring spring rain. flowing down the trees. pure water

. harusame ya futaba ni moyuru nasubidane .
(spring) spring rain. two leaves sproutng. eggplant seedlings

. harusame ya hachi no su tsutau yane no mori .
(spring) spring rain. bee's nest, rain from the roof

. harusame ya mino fukikaesu kawa yanagi .
(spring) spring rain. river willow blown like a straw coat

. harusame ya yomogi o noabasu kusa no michi .
(spring) mugwort, road with weeds

- - - - -


. haru tatsu to warawa mo shiru ya kazari nawa .
(winter, New Year). spring begins. ritual rope decorations. children will know

. haru tatsu ya shinnen furuki kome goshoo .
(winter, New Year). spring begins. old rice. ten quarts


. haru ya koshi toshi ya yukiken kotsugomori .
(winter) second-last day of the year 小晦日. has spring come?






- - - - - . - Hasedera 長谷寺 Visiting Hase-Dera in Nara - . - - - - -


. hashigeta no shinobu wa tsuki no nagori kana .
(autumn) farewell-moon. bridge beams with "fern of longing" - nagori


. hasu-ike ya orade sonomama tamamatsuri .
(autumn) O-Bon. lotus pond. not plucked
- - - - and
tamamatsuri kyoo mo yakiba no kemuri kana
smoke from the crematorium


. hasu no ka o me ni kayowasu ya men no hana .
(summer)lotus. fragrance. reaches the eyes. nose of a Noh mask.



. hatake utsu oto ya arashi no sakura asa .
(spring) to plough the fields. sound. storm. "cherry-blossom hemp"



- - - - - . hatsumono, hatsu mono 初物 first things . - - - - -
- hatsugatsuo 初鰹 first bonito and more

. hatsu aki ya tataminagara no kaya no yogi . - hatsuaki
(autumn) first sign of autumn. my folded mosquito net as blanket

. hatsu aki ya umi mo aota mo hito midori .
(autumn) autumn begins. the sea and the fields one shade of green

. hatsu hana ni inochi nanajuu gonen hodo .
hatsu hana ni inochi shichi jū go nen hodo
(spring) first blossoms. I will gain at least 75 years

. hatsu makuwa yotsu ni ya tatan wa ni kiran .
hatsu makuwa yotsu no ya kiran wa ni kiran
(summer) first Makuwa melon. cut it in quarters? or round slices?

. hatsu shigure saru mo komino o hoshige nari .
(winter) winter drizzle, monkey, straw coat. - first from Sarumino 猿蓑

. hatsu shigure hatsu no ji o waga shigure kana .
(winter) first winter drizzle. the character "first".

. hatsu shimo ya kiku hie somuru koshi no wata .
(autumn) chrysanthemums. first frost. cotton wrapper around my hip

. hatsutake ya mada hikazu henu aki no tsuyu .
(autumn) first mushrooms. few days have passed. dew in autumn

. hatsu-uma ni kitsune no sorishi atama kana .
(New Year) First Day of the Horse. a fox shaved your head
for Zekitsu 是橘

. hatsuyuki ni usagi no kawa no hige tsukure .
(winter) first snow. rabbit, fur. beard

. hatsuyuki ya hijiri kozoo no oi no iro .
(winter) first snow. mendicant monk. color of his backpack

. hatsu yuki ya itsu Daibutsu no hashira date .
(winter) first snow. Daibutsu temple, Nara. erect new columns

. hatsu yuki ya kakekakaritaru hashi no ue .
(winter) first snow. on the bridge under construction - The Great Bridge of Fukagawa 深川大橋

. hatsu yuki ya saiwai an ni makariaru .
(winter) first snow. luckily. I am in my own hut.

. hatsu-yuki ya suisen no ha no tawamu made .
(winter) first snow. enough to bend the daffodils


. hatsuzakura orishi mo kyoo wa yoki hi nari .
(spring) first cherry blossom. today is a good day
at Iga Ueno　伊賀上野, temple Yakushi-Ji


. hayaku sake kunichi mo chikashi kiku no hana .
(autumn) chrysanthemums. hurry up to bloom! Chrysanthemum festival day





. hebi kuu to kikeba osoroshi kiji no koe .
(spring) voice of a pheasant. eating a snake. dreadful voice

- - - - - . hei 塀 wall, garden wall . - - - - -


- - - - - . heso no o, hozo no o 臍の緒 umbilical cord * . - - - - -



- - - - - . hibari 雲雀 lark . - - - - -

. hibari naku naka no hyooshi ya kiji no koe .
(autumn) voice of lark and pheasant

. hibari yori sora ni yasurau tooge kana.
(spring) lark. resting in the sky at the pass

- - - - -


- - - - - . Hida no takumi 飛騨の工 / 飛騨の匠 craftsman from Hida * . - - - - -


- - - - - . Hieizan, Hiei-Zan 比叡山 Mount Hiei in Omi ### . - - - - -
- - - Hie oroshi, hieoroshi 日枝颪 wind from Mount Hieizan




. higashi nishi aware sa hitotsu aki no kaze .
(autumn) autumn wind. East. West. deep feeling is the same
on the death of Mukai Chine 向井千子


. hige kaze o fuite boshuu tanzuru wa tare ga ko zo .
(autumn) wind, beard, remembering Tu Fu


. higoro nikuki karasu mo yuki no ashita kana .
(winter) snow in the morning. hateful crows. hokku including "to hate" - nikumu




- - - - -. hijiri, hijiri kozoo 聖小僧　mendicant monk, "holy man" * . - - - - -
Basho himself was on a kind of "hijiri" life, travelling all over Japan, without a regular home.



- - - - - . himuro 氷室 (ひむろ) icehouse, ice cellar * . - - - - -



日の道や葵傾く五月雨
hi no michi ya / aoi katamuku / satsuki ame
(hokku)


. hinzan no kama shimo ni naku koe samushi .
(winter) frost. poor mountain temple. the kettle sounds cold in the frost



- - - - -. hioke 火桶 wooden brazier for winter - hibachi　火鉢　. 　- - - - -



. Hiraizumi 平泉 - Oku no Hosomichi Stage 23 .


. Hira Mikami yuki sashiwatase sagi no hashi .
(summer) Mount Hira, Mount Mikami at Lake Biwa



- - - - - hirugao - - - - -

. hirugao ni hirune seu mo no toko no yama .
(summer) bindweed, sleeping, remembering Urashima Taro

. hirugao ni kometsuki suzumu aware nari .
(summer) bindweed. noonflower. rice pounder. to cool. pityful

- - - - -



. WKD : hirune, hiru-ne 昼寝 nap, Mittagsschlaf .


. hito hi hito hi mugi akaramite naku hibari .
(spring) voice of the skylark. day by day the barley reddens


. hito-koe no e ni yokotau ya hototogisu .
(summer) little cuckoo. one call across the inlay





人も見ぬ春や鏡の裏の梅
hito mo mi nu / haru ya kagami no / ura no ume
(hokku)


. hito ni ie o kawasete ware wa toshi wasure .
(winter) "forget the year". I make him buy a house.


. hito one wa shigururu kumo ka Fuji no yuki .
(winter) snow. Mount Fuji. one ridge. winter drizzle. clouds


. hitori ama wara ya sugenashi shiro tsutsuji .
(spring) azalea. lonely nun. straw-thatched hut


. hito shigure tsubute ya futte Koishikawa .
(winter) winter drizzle. hailstones falling. Koishikawa (in Edo)


. hitotose ni ichido tsumaruru nazuna kana .
(spring/New Year) sheperd's purse. picked only once a year


. hitotsu nugite ushiro ni oinu koromogae .
(summer) changing robes


. hitotsuya ni yuujo mo netari hagi to tsuki .
(autumn) bush clover, prostitute, moon


. hitozato wa mina hanamori no shison kana .
(spring) cherry blossom warden. everyone in the region. descent


. hi wa hana ni kurete sabishi ya asunaroo .
(spring) cherry blossoms. sunset. to feel lonely. Asunaro cypress

ひやひやと壁をふまへて昼寝哉
hiya hiya to / kabe o fumaete / hiru ne kana
(hokku)




. hokku nari Matsuo Toosei yado no haru .
(spring). the home of Matsuo Tosei (Basho). hokku


. hoorai ni kikabaya Ise no hatsudayori .
(New Year) 蓬莱 Horai decoration and first news. from Ise shrine


. horohoro to yamabuki chiru ka taki no oto . horo horo
(spring) yellow mountain rose. sound of a waterfall


. Hoshizaki no yami o miyo to ya naku chidori .
(winter) plover. darkness at Hoshizaki. take a good look!




- - - - - . - hotaru 蛍 (ほたる) firefly, fireflies - . - - - - -

. hotarubi no hiru wa kie-tsutsu hashira kana .
(summer) hotaru fireflies. the pillars (of the Golden Hall, Hiraizumi)

. hotarumi ya sendoo yoote obotsukana .
(summer) hotaru fireflies. drunken boatsman. worrying

- - - - -




. hotoke　仏 - ほとけ Buddha .

. hotoketachi 仏達　Buddha statues * .



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- - - - - . - hototogisu 郭公 / ほととぎす - little cuckoo
- . - - - - -
Cuculus poliocephalis

. hototogisu ima wa haikaishi naki yo kana .
(summer) little cuckoo. now a world without haikai masters

. hototogisu katsuo o some ni keri kerashi .
(summer) little cuckoo. skipjack sashimi

. hototogisu kieyuku kata ya shima hitotsu .
(summer) little cuckoo. it disappears. a single island

. hototogisu koe yokotau ya mizu no ue .
(summer. little cuckoo. its voice stretches over the water

. hototogisu naku ne ya furuki suzuri-bako / suzuribako .
(summer) little cuckoo. old inkstone box

. hototogisu naku ya go shaku no ayamegusa .
(summer) little cuckoo. iris of 5 shaku hight

. hototogisu ootakeyabu o moru tsukiyo .
(summer) little cuckoo. bamboo, moon night

. hototogisu Urami no Taki no ura omote .
(summer) little cuckoo. Urami no Taki waterfall (Nikko). back and front

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- - - - - . hoya 穂屋 "shrine hut with a thatched wall" *. - - - - -



. hyaku ri kitari hodo wa kumoi no shita suzumi .
(summer) coolness. I walked 100 RI. ceiling of clouds


. hyorohyoro to nao tsuyukeshi ya ominaeshi .
(autumn) yellow valerian. covered with dew


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- Hosomichi 2007 - BACKUP

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BACKUP only
December 2012

Original

. WKD : Oku no Hosomichi 2007 .



The main entry is now HERE

Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - おくのほそ道
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉　Archives of the WKD .





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walking
a long, long path -
haiku


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Oku no Hosomichi 奥の細道　... 2007



月日は百代の過客にして、行かふ年も又旅人也。
つきひははくたいのかかくにして
つきひはひゃくだいのかきゃくにして

tsukihi wa hakutai no kakaku ni shite
(tsukihi wa hyakudai no kakyaku ni shite)
yukikau toshi mo mata tabibito nari.

Days and months are the travellers of eternity.
The years that pass are also but travellers in time.



松尾芭蕉　
Basho was 46 when he started his tour on the 27 of March, 1689. (May 16 in the modern solar calendar.)
His tour took him over 2400 kilometers on foot! It took him five years to complete his report of this walk. It includes 51 hokku and is not a simple diary, but a work of literature, including fiction and philosophy.

He visited many "poetic pillows", uta makura 歌枕, famous places where poets before him had been visiting and writing poetry about.
While he was thus travelling the road of former famous poets like Saigyo, he was also travelling along his own life, even toward the future. He lived in a time when the age of 50 was considered a good time to die!
Jinsei, gojuu nen! 人生五十年！

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................................... Some general information


"All Things Must Pass" , nothing is eternal
sarvasamskara anityah in orignal Sanskrit
Shogyoo Mujoo 諸行無常 (しょぎょうむじょう) Mujo

. Barnhill : the concept of MUJŌ .
impermanence


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"permanence and change",
synthesis between tradition and innovation
Fueki Ryuukoo 不易流行（ふえきりゅうこう）

QUOTE:

fuga no makoto is a result or product of the dynamism of two colliding forces: fueki ryuko, which is another important teaching of Basho.
Fueki simply means "no change" and refers to values of a permanent and enduring nature.

Ryuko, on the other hand, means "changing fashions of the time" and refers to newness, innovation, originality or unconventional values that would break with old ways in a revolutionary manner.

For instance, Beethoven created new and innovative music, ushering in a new age and setting a new trend. However, he did not do so without first having been steeped in classical music of an old tradition. Thus he had fueki ryuko and left legacy of permanent value.
None of us is Beethoven, but all of us can become a little Beethoven! Fueki ryuko is an abbreviation of senzai-fueki ichiji-ryuko (eternal no-change and temporary fashion).

When fueki and ryuko collide and interact in a dynamic explosion of creative haiku writing, the result could be like a newly born baby taking after both parents but different from both. And there is a single ultimate value that lies beyond fueki ryuko, and that is nothing but fuga no makoto.

Susumu Takiguchi, WHR 2005

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Basho edited the haiku presented in "Oku no Hosomichi" according to the rules of RENKU, including moon, cherry blossoms and two about love.
　©　Etsuko Yanagibori

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A first ku (hokku) that can stand alone, usually with a mention of a special area, an independent hokku, is called
jihokku 地発句（じほっく）

The last ku of a linked verse is "ageku　挙句", and there is a popular Japanese proverb, ageku no hate 挙句の果て, at the last ku, meaning "at last".

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The walk starts in Edo.


行く春や鳥啼き魚の目は泪
yuku haru ya tori naki uo no me wa namida

spring is leaving ..
birds sing and the eyes of fish
are full of tears

Basho at Senju 千住
in 1689, taking final leave from his friends.

. Yuku haru - spring is ending .


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江東区芭蕉記念館
KOTO CITY BASHO MUSEUM


Basho-An Homepage
臨川寺 Temple Rinsen-Ji


Nikko Kaido 日光街道
– Ancient Highway from Edo to Nikko

. Urami no Taki 裏見の滝 - 裏見の瀧 Waterfall .
and the summer retreat - ge 夏（げ）



Kurobane, Temple Joho-Ji, Friend Joboji
浄法寺桃雪邸跡


Basho Road at Kurobane, Basho no Michi, 芭蕉の道



Temple Daio-Ji, Kurobane, 黒羽町の大雄寺 Daioo-Ji

Temple Ungan-Ji 雲巌寺



"Murder Stone" 殺生石 Sesshoseki, a volcanic landscape



Willow Tree in memory of priest Yugyo (Ippen Shonin)

. WKD : 遊行柳 (ゆぎょうやなぎ ) Yugyoyanagi .
One of the famous "utamakura" places of Basho's travel. The tree has been re-planted many times over the years, but the atmosphere is still very much that of the Edo period.


Near Nikko is Mt. Dantai and a group of Jizo stones, called

O-Bake Jizoo 化け地蔵 the monstrous Jizo statues
Every time you count them, you get a different number.
Quite possibly Basho has tried to count them too !


含満ガ淵


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Shirakawa, "White River",
from here the Road to the North finally starts.


Shirakawa no Seki 白河の関 Border Station of Shirakawa

sangatsu ni seki no ashigaru oki-kaete
haiku by Kido (Kidoo 木導)



Oshu Kaido (Oushu Kaido) 奥州街道（おうしゅうかいどう）
– Ancient Highway from Nikko via Shirakawa to Sendai



Sakai no Myojin Shrine 境の明神(福島)

Two shrines at the border to the Northern Territories. One on each side of the frontier line. On the inner side a shrine for the female deity (Tamatsushima Myojin 玉津島) to protect the interior. On the outer side a shrine for a male deity (Sumiyoshi Myojin 住吉) to protect from enemies of the outside.　Travellers in the Edo period used to pray here for a safe trip and gave thanks after a trip was finished.

The local daimyo Matsudaira Sadanobu had a stone memorial built in memory of this frontier gate about 100 years after Basho passed the area.




白河小峰城, Shirakawa Komine Castle
Matsudaira Sadanobu was Lord of this castle. Lord Matsudaira (1759 - 1829) was well liked and did a lot for his people. He built the first park for commoners in Japan, the famous South Lake Park, Nanko Koen (Nankoo Kooen) 南湖公園 .



Sogi modoshi 宗祇戻しThe place where Sogi returned his steps

The famous poet Io Sogi (Soogi, Sougi 飯尾宗祇　いいおそうぎ) on his way to a poetry meeting for linked verse in Northern Japan met a poor girl here selling cotton. When he started talking to her, she answered him with a perfect waka verse. He felt quite ashamed at this and went back to Kyoto without attending the poetry meeting.

The waka
「阿武隈の川瀬にすめる鮎にこそ　うるかといえる　わたはありけれ」
Abuka no Kawa




Station 12 : Sukagawa and Asakayama : 安積山 In Memory of a Waka


The waka
安積香山影さへ見ゆる山の井の浅き心をわが思はなくに

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On his way

Waterfall Otsuji-ga-taki



Temple, Ioji (a temple visited by Basho) 医王寺 (Ioo-Ji)


at Station 11, Sukagawa
Memorial Stone, Mojizuri Ishi 文知摺石
English Explanation


Dresses made of paper, kamiko 紙子,紙衣

Paper clothing was used by poor peasants to keep warm in winter. Basho might have used one of these warm robes from Shiroishi.

GOOGLE : 白石　和紙　

In Osaka Kabuki, the main actor wears a robe made of paper, kamiko 紙衣. This does not flow naturally around the body and the actor has to make extra efforts to show a natural pose.

Kabuki and Haiku

GOOGLE : kamiko paper japan kimono

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Matsushima




松島やああ松島や松島や
Matsushima ya aa Matsushima ya Matushima ya

Matsushima!
Aaah! Matsushima!
Matsushima!

The real author of this haiku was ?????


Matsushima is one of the three most beautiful secnic areas of Japan.





. SENDAI
Iris Haiku

あやめ草足に結ん草鞋の緒
ayamegusa ashi ni musuban waraji no o



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Hiraizumi 平泉




夏草や兵どもが夢の跡
natsu-kusa ya tsuwamono domo ga yume no ato

summer grass!
only a trace of dreams
of ancient warriors

　Warriours, Samurai and Haiku

Basho followed in the footsteps of the tragic fate of the warrious Yoshitsune and Benkei (chinkon no nen 鎮魂の念) with this visit. He might also have used the travel to explore and find the depth and tragedy of his own being.

鎮魂の念


Takadachi 「高館(たかだち) at Hiraizumi was a castle that Fujiwara Hidehira had built for Minamoto Yoshitune.
Discussion of Takadachi and Tsuwamono
Haiku Translation Group


The "Shining Hall" is the golden mausoleum of three generations of the Fujiwara Clan. The rain of the rainy season has fallen on it for more than 500 years when Basho visited.

五月雨の降りのこしてや光堂
samidare no furi nokoshite Hikari Doo

unchanged by the rain
of many rainy seasons -
the Golden Hall

More photos from Hiraizumi.

.............................

kenkon no hen 乾坤の変
(the changing of heaven and earth)

The changing of heaven and earth is the heart of the nature spirit in haiku. Catch the changing of nature and you have what you need to write true haiku.

also discussed:
Haikai no makoto 俳諧の誠 (sincerity of haiku)
Koogo kizoku 高悟帰俗 (spiritual sense)
Kusa no Hana Haiku Group

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Natagiri Pass and Obanazawa 山刀伐峠 　

Entering into Dewa, Dewagoe 出羽超え.

The walk over the steep pass takes more than 3 hours. Basho hired a young guide to make sure he would not loose his way. From the top of the pass you can see Mount Gassan in the background.
After the dangerous crossing, Basho stayed with the rich merchant Seifu (Suzuki Michiyu), who had made his fortune with
Safflower, saffron flower (benibana, beni no hana) .



芭蕉 山刀伐峠越の図 高嶋祥光

Farmers wear a specially shaped straw hat, called "natagiri なたぎり(photo) , in the shape of this pass.


Ginzan Hot Spring, Ginzan Onsen 銀山温泉


This is one of the few hot springs near a silver mine. The workers used to go there and heal their wounds or just rest and relax after the hard work in the mines.

Basho might have stayed there to rest after crossing the pass, before walking on to Obanazawa.



Tendo (Tendoo) 天童
now famous for its Shogi 天童将棋.


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River Mogamigawa, Mount Gassan

The Three Mountains of Dewa used to be part of a famous pilgrimage, representing LIFE (Haguro), DEATH (Gassan) and NEW BIRTH (at Yudono).



"As I sat reflecting thus upon a rock, I saw in front of me a cherry tree hardly three feet tall just beginning to blossom - far behind the season of course, but victorious against the heavy weight of snow which it had resisted for more than half a year.
I immediatley thought of the famous Chinese poem about 'the plum tree fragrant in the blazing heat of summer' and of an equally pathetic poem by the priest Gyoson, and felt even more attached to the cherry tree in front of me. "
Station 30 - Gassan

At Mt. Gassan, Basho saw the Mountaintop Cherry blossoms, minezakura 嶺桜.
They flower much later than the ones down in the valley. That is why on Mt. Gassan you can experience the three ingredients of Japanese ascetics, Snow, Moon and Cherry blossoms, (Setsugetsuka, Setsugekka 雪月花) at the same time.
SETSUGEKKA, Japanese Art and the Japanese View of Nature
by Isamu Kurita, MOA

Basho went on to Mt. Yudono, where it is forbidden to talk about your experiences there. I visited there many years ago.
Dewa Sanzan; 'Three sacred mountains of Dewa'
Gabi Greve

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Some thoughts from Etsuko Yanagibori

Basho made a greeting ku for the ascetic Egaku at Haguro San

arigataya yuki o kaorasu kaze no oto

thanks
for the wind
with the smell of snow

He changed this later and this is the official haiku now.

arigataya yuki o kaorasu minamidani

Thanks
for Minamidani
smell of snow

The original haiku has a kigo for summer, kaze kaoru. Basho visited the temple in early summer, June 4th.

Yudono is a very sacred plate for the Godess of Dewa.
We can read a romantic interpretation from this haiku

語られぬ湯殿にぬらす袂かな
katararenu Yudono ni nurasu tamoto kana

no speaking
in the place of Yudono-den
wet my cuff

When people enter the place of the goddess to pray the god, they put off their
shoes and walk around the rock of the gods without talking.

the hidden haiku reading ...

no talking
in the bathroom with you
only my cuff a little wet

. . . . .


So holy a place
The snow itself is scented
At southern Valley.


How cool it is here.
A crescent moon faintly hovers
Over Mount Haguro.


kumo no mine ikutsu kuzurete tsuki no yama

The peaks of clouds
Have crumbled into fragments
The moonlit mountain


I cannot speak of
Yudono, but see how wet
My sleeve is with tears.
Tr. Donald Keene

source : Haguro Brochure

"tsuki no yama" this is also the name of the mountain itself
Gassan　月山.

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Tsuruoka and Kisakata 鶴岡　と　象潟
(Kisagata)


Yamagata, Tsuruoka Basho Memorial




Akita, Kisagata


SAKATA

Minden Nasu / Eggplants

mezurashi ya yama o Dewa no hatsu nasubi

Welche Überraschung!
aus den Heiligen Bergen von Dewa kommend
hier die ersten Augerginen



象潟や料理何くふ神祭
Kisakata ya ryoori nani kuu kami matsuri

Oh now Kisakata !
What special food do they eat
at the shrine festival?

Kisakata an einem Festtag!
Was es hier wohl für
Spezialitäten gibt?

Sora 曾良

. Sora, Kawai Sora 河合曾良 . (1649 - 1710)
Basho's companion on the way.


Kisakata is a superb place to take a leisurely countryside walk.
Kanmanji is surrounded by a sacred grove of old-growth laurel trees (tabunoki たぶのき【椨】 Persea thunbergii or Machilus thunbergii).
MORE : Basho in Kisakata



Yamagata, Yamadera 山寺立石寺

閑かさや岩にしみ入る蝉の声
shizukasa ya iwa ni shimiiru semi no koe

oh in this quietude
seeping into the rock
the voices of cicadas




. YAMAGATA - On the path of poets .

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Izumosaki, Oyashirazu, Ichiburi .. Kanazawa

Izumo saki, Izumozaki 出雲崎　is the birthtown of priest Ryokan.
Ryokan memorial day and Haiku


荒海や 佐渡によこたふ 天河
araumi ya Sado ni yokotau ama no kawa

O'er wild ocean spray,
All the way to Sado Isle
Spreads the Milky Way

Tr. Dorothy Britton


Sado Province, Sado Island, Japan

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Ariso Umi 有磯海 Arisoumi
. . . wase no ka ya wakeiru migi wa Arisoumi


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The difficult part of this journey, Oyashirazu 親不知　 (not minding your parents) and Koshirazu (not minding your children) , refers to an area along the coast between Niigata and Ichiburi where the mountains are right to the sea shore with their sheer cliffs. The waves drone against the base of the cliffs and the only way to get past this is to wait for the moment when the waves receede and then run for your life !



The grand old tree at Ichiburi

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Kurikara Pass 倶利伽羅峠

Kurikara means 'black dragon' in Sanskrit.
The temple Kurikara Fudo-son is located near Kurikara Pass, a place famous for the battle between the Heike Clan and Saso Yoshinaka during the 2nd year of the Eiju period (1183). The statue of Fudo Myo-O is said to be carved by Kobo Daishi.

CLICK for some photos here !


My Details are here
Kurikara, the Sword of Fudo Myo-o


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Komatsu ...... Natadera ..... Daishoji ..... Maruoka ..... Fukui


多太神社
Shrine Tada Jinja in Komatsu


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Tsuruga 敦賀 , Ogaki 大垣


Basho Memorial at Tsuruga




月いづく鐘は沈める海の底
tsuki izuku kane wa shizumeru umi no soko

. The mystery background story
of the bell at the bottom of the sea 　
(This haiku is not included in the Travelogue by Basho.)
Visit to the Shrine Kehi Jingu　気比神宮 with a haiku about the moon.



Oogaki
CLICK for some photos

Basho's travel with the wind (kaze no tabi) ends here in 1689.



Sora, who had left Basho earlier on the trip, had hurried to Ogaki to gather many haiku friends to celebrate the goal of the travels of Master Basho and make this a memorable ending of the long tour.



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The last haiku, written at Ogaki

蛤のふたみにわかれ行く秋ぞ
hamaguri no futami ni wakarete yuku aki zo

(like) a clamshell
divided in two we depart now
into this autumn . . .

. discussing : futami　二身 - 蓋身 two bodies .


. . . . .


At the end of the journey

Ukimido, 浮御堂 the Floating Hall and
Basho's Grave at Temple Gichu-Ji 義仲寺


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"The Narrow Road to the Deep North"
PDF-File
Translations by Haider A. Kahn and Tadashi Kondo



Reference : Oku no Hosomichi. Nobuyuki Yuasa



Beckoned by the cloud-scattering winds and Dōsojin, the male-female guardian god of the road, longing to see the moon rising over Matsushima, Matsuo Bashō (1644-1694) left Edo for Oku at the end of spring in the second year of Genroku (1689).

Roads of Oku: Travels in Japan
Reference : Utamakura: Storied Places
Dennis Kawaharada, 2011
(very extensive resource)


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Translation by Tim Chilcott
a PDF file.



Travels along the path of Matsuo Basho, Japan’s 17th-century haiku master, help bring his words to life.
On the Trail of a Ghost
©　National Geographic, Howard Norman, January 2008




Haiku by Matsuo, Basho, from "Narrow Road to Oku".
Dr. Donald Keene has generously given to me his permission to use his translation of the Basho's haiku.
I will be showing my haiga of all the haiku in "Narrow Road to Oku"
KUNI from Nara
source : seehaikuhere.blogspot.com


Walking with Basho in Japanese

「ゆるぱそ」ブログ　

Bashomichi
http://bashomichi.com/

Meishochi 名蕉地 100 famous spots walking with Basho
http://bashomichi.com/meisyouchi100/tokyo/


Morimura Seiichi sensei 森村 誠一
芭蕉道への旅
http://bashomichi.com/tabi/morimuraseiichi/

http://www.bs-j.co.jp/okunohosomichi/


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Stamps about "Oku no Hosomichi"

Click the image for more !


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Related words


Chen-ou Liu about
. The Narrow Road to the Interior .



***** Basho Memorial Day (Basho-Ki)

***** Matsuo Basho　松尾芭蕉 (1644 - 1694)


***** NHK and Haiku


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. Michinoku, Mutsu 陸奥 region in Tohoku .


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hototogisu little cuckoo

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- hototogisu 郭公 / ほととぎす -

This is one of the classical season words, used in the poetry of the Heian period.
Basho sometimes uses the word and adds a new twist, closer to the normal life of the normal people of his Edo.

hototogisu can be written with many Chinese characters:
ほととぎす【時鳥／子規／杜鵑／不如帰／郭公】

Basho uses the Chinese characters 郭公, which was common during the Heian period.
But now is often pronounced kakkoo, Japanese cuckoo, which is a different bird, Cuculus canorus.


. WKD : hototogisu ホトトギス, 時鳥 .
Little Cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalis


Sometimes, even the bush warbler (uguisu　鶯) and the little cuckoo (hototogisu) get mixed up.






under construction
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曙はまだ紫にほととぎす
akebono wa / mada murasaki ni / hototogisu


冬牡丹千鳥よ雪のほととぎす
fuyu botan / chidori yo yuki no / hototogisu


ほととぎす今は俳諧師なき世哉
. hototogisu ima wa haikaishi naki yo kana .
(summer) little cuckoo. now a world without haikai masters


時鳥鰹を染めにけりけらし
. hototogisu katsuo o some ni keri kerashi .
(summer) little cuckoo. skipjack sashimi


ほととぎす消え行く方や島一つ
. hototogisu kieyuku kata ya shima hitotsu .
(summer) little cuckoo. it disappears. a single island

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郭公声横たふや水の上
hototogisu koe yokotau ya mizu no ue

cuckoo:
its call stretching out
across the water
Tr. Barnhill


sound of a cuckoo
whose cry now is stretching out
across the water
Tr. Chilcott


hototogisu––
the shriek lies stretched
across the water
Tr. Ueda

The cut marker YA is at the end of line 2.

Written in summer 1693 　 元禄六年四月二十九日.
Basho had gotten the news that his nephew and adopted son Toin had died. Basho was very shocked and vowed not to write about the hototogisu any more. His friends Sunpu and Sora tried to help him overcome his sorrow
愁情なぐさめばやと、杉風、曽良、水辺之ほとゝぎすとて、更ニすゝむるにまかせて


Basho also wrote

一声の江に横たふやほとゝぎす
hito-koe no e ni yokotau ya hototogisu

a single call
comes across the inlet -
hototogisu
Tr. Gabi Greve

Basho was referring to a poem by Su Dongpo, Su Dungpo 蘇東坡 (So Toba そ とうば)

白露江ニ横タハリ / 白露江に横たはる

“The gleaming water extends to heaven,
and the white mist lies stretched across the water.”

“White mist lay across the water;
the light from the water reached the sky. .”
source :　afe.easia.columbia.edu/song


quote
..... which strongly suggests that the lingering sound of the hototogisu echoes the vanishing spirit of the dead youth.
Shirane, Traces of Dreams


. Matsuo Basho - His nephew Tooin 桃印　Toin, To-In - .
(?1661 - 1693)

doobutsu no koe 動物の声　- a difficult expression to translate:
The voices of animals used by Basho -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


- Japanese Reference -

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郭公招くか麦のむら尾花
hototogisu / maneku ka mugi no / mura obana

時鳥正月は梅の花咲けり
hototogisu / matsuki wa ume no / hana sakeri


ほととぎす鳴く鳴く飛ぶぞ忙はし
hototogisu / naku naku tobu zo / isogawashi
so busy!


杜鵑鳴く音や古き硯箱
. hototogisu naku ne ya furuki suzuri-bako / suzuribako .
(summer) little cuckoo. old inkstone box

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ほととぎす鳴くや五尺の菖草
hototogisu naku ya go shaku no ayamegusa

hototogisu
cries –– a blade of iris
five feet tall
Tr. Ueda


the Hototogisu
is calling - some iris
of five Shaku hight
Tr. Gabi Greve



This hokku is a version of a poem from the Kokin Shu 古今集 collection, by an unknown author.

ほととぎす鳴くや五月のあやめぐさ あやめも知らぬ恋もするかな
hototogisu naku ya gogatsu no ayamegusa ayame mo shiranu koi mo suru kana

Basho has only changed the gogatsu to goshaku.

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ほととぎす大竹薮を漏る月夜
. hototogisu ootakeyabu o moru tsukiyo .
(summer) little cuckoo. bamboo, moon night



ほととぎす裏見の滝の裏表
. hototogisu Urami no Taki no ura omote .
(summer) little cuckoo. Urami no Taki waterfall (Nikko). back and front



烏賊売の声まぎらはし杜宇
. ika uri no koe magirawashi hototogisu .
(summer) squid vendor. hardly distinguishable. hototogisu. his voice


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source :　itoyo/basho


清く聞かん耳に香焼いて郭公
kiyoku kikan mimi ni koo taite hototogisu

the clear sound
of burning incense near the ear
hototogisu

天和3年, Basho age 40
koo o kiku, to "listen to incense" had become fashionable in the Genroku period.


The Way of Incense 香道　
As in the analogous tea ceremony, various instruments (many of them made of gold or silver) were called for. Diverse formalities were developed and a proper name for the activity was created: kodo.
Eventually even the act of smelling became too common.
Instead one "listened" to incense. (koo o kiku 香を聞く)
. WKD : Incense, O-Koo　お香 .


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木隠れて茶摘みも聞くやほととぎす
. kogakurete chatsumi mo kiku ya hototogisu .
(spring) picking tea leaves. to hear. hototogisu


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京にても京なつかしやほととぎす
. Kyoo ni te mo Kyoo natsukashi ya hototogisu .
Kyoo nite mo
(summer) little cuckoo, longing for Kyoto



待たぬのに菜売りに来たか時鳥
matanu no ni / na uri ni kita ka / hototogisu
vendor of leaves for food


野を横に馬牽きむけよほととぎす
. no o yoko ni uma hikimuke yo hototogisu .
(summer) little cuckoo, horse


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落ち来るや高久の宿の郭公
ochikuru ya Takaku no shuku no hototogisu

falling from high above -
at a Takaku lodging,
cuckoo
Tr. Barnhill

Oku no Hosomichi, Station 6 - Nasu　那須


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しばし間も待つやほととぎす千年
shibashi ma mo matsu ya hototogi su sennen
shibashi ma mo matsu ya hototogisu sennen

I wait only for a short while
for the hototogisu - it feels
like some thousand years

This is an allusion to the Chinese poet Li Po (701-762)

白髪三千丈

My white hair is three thousand joo 丈 long.
The waterfall falls down three thousand feet.

(One 丈 is about 3 meters).


Written in 1666 寛文7年, Basho age 24.
This poem has a particular meter, with the cut marker YA in the middle of line 2 and the structure 5 8 4, if HOTOTOGISU is seen as one word.

matsu, to wait, is also a pun with the auspicious 1000 year old pine, sennen no matsu 千年の松.
quite a few places, temples and shrines, have such a long-living pine.
hototogi susennen, ほととぎ 数千年 the bird - a few thousand years suu sennenn 数千年.
Basho is still experimenting with the hokku form.

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須磨の海士の矢先に鳴くか郭公
. Suma no ama yasaki ni naku ka hototogisu .
(summer) little cuckoo. fisherman as Suma


田や麦や中にも夏のほととぎす
. ta ya mugi ya naka ni mo natsu no hototogisu .
(summer) hototogisu in summer. fields. barley.


橘やいつの野中の郭公
tachibana ya / itsu no nonaka no / hototogisu


戸の口に宿札名乗れほととぎす
. to no kuchi ni yadofuda nanore hototogisu .
at the front entrance, hand out your visitor sign (yado fuda 宿札)


鳥刺も竿や捨てけんほととぎす
torisashi mo / kasa ya suteken / hototogisu



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. WKD : hototogisu ホトトギス, 時鳥 .
Little Cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalis


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .


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hanami - cherry blossom viewing

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- hanami 花見 cherry-blossom viewing -

Viewing cherry blossoms was one of the enjoyments of spring.
Basho and his haikai friends had a lot of fun and drinks under the blossoms.

. WKD : Cherry blossoms (sakura　桜) .




Famous Hanami spots in Edo 花見の名所!
source : rnavi.ndl.go.jp/kaleido


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景清も花見の座には七兵衛
. Kagekiyo mo hanami no za ni wa Shichihyooe / Shichibyōe .

Taira no Kagekiyo 平景清 (? - 1196) Samurai
also known as Kazusa no Shichirō (上総 七郎), was a samurai of the Taira clan who took part in the Genpei War of Japan, against the Minamoto clan.


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京は九万九千くんじゆの花見哉
. Kyoo wa kuman kusen kunju no hanami kana .
Hanami in Kyoto


草枕まことの花見しても来よ
. kusamakura makoto no hanami shite mo koyo .
for Yasomura Rotsuu 八十村路通 Rotsu -

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花見にとさす船おそし柳原
hanami ni to sasu fune ososhi Yanagihara やなぎはら

for cherry blossom viewing
the boat proceeds so leisurely
along Yanagiwara embankment


柳原 Yanagiwara
The banks of the river Kandagawa 神田川, called Yanagiwara dote 柳原土手, were a famous flower-viewing spot in Edo. Located between the bridge of Asakusa (浅草橋) and Sujikai(筋違橋) for about 1.1 km.
Even in the Edo period it was a well-loved place for a boat ride.

Written in 1694 元禄7年. A greeting poem for his host, Toodo Genko 藤堂玄虎, a samurai living in the Edo compound of Todo Han from Iga 藤堂藩上屋敷 along the Yanagiwara riverside.
His name was Watanabe Choobei 渡辺長兵衛 Watanabe Chobei



藤堂長兵衛守壽 / 長兵衛守寿（俳号玄虎）Todo Genko
and two more poems by Basho during a meeting with Genko :

風色やしどろに植ゑし庭の秋
. kazairo ya shidoro ni ueshi niwa no aki .

もののふの大根苦しき話哉
. mononofu no daikon nigaki hanashi kana .


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四つごきのそろはぬ花見心哉
. yotsu goki no sorowanu hanami gokoro kana .  

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hanagoromo 花衣 robes for cherry-blossom viewing

きてもみよ甚べが羽織花ごろも
kite mo miyo jinbe ga haori hanagoromo .
jinbe, jinbei - light summer robe


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hanamori 花守 warden of the cherry trees, blossom guard


source :　itoyo/basho

一里はみな花守の子孫かや　
hitozato wa mina hanamori no shison kana

the whole country
everyone claims descent from
that blossom guard
Tr. Robin D. Gill

source : books.google.co.jp
Read the story about the eightfold sakura (yaezakura) from temple Kofuji-Ji to be transferred to Kyoto and the protest of this action.
興福寺の八重桜を京の都に移植しようとしたところ . . . and empress Fujiwara no Shooshi 藤原彰子

Written in 1690 元禄3年春 at Hanagaki no sho 花垣の庄 in Mie, Yono. Basho age 47.


source and more photos :　www.7kamado.net/hanagaki.

Hanagaki Jinja 花垣神社 Hanagaki Shrine in Yono, Mie prefecture
三重県伊賀市予野194


quote
Hanagaki Shrine
The God in the Hanagaki-jinja shrine was the god of the Hattori family. Hattori Hanzo Masanari, who was said to be a great Ninja and served under Tokugawa Ieyasu (who opened the Edo government and ruled Japan), was from Yono. Todo Uneme, a manager of the Todo clan in Iga, was also from Yono. The Hattori family maintained the shrine very carefully. Yono used to be ruled by the Kofuku-ji temple in Nara since ancient times.
Hanagaki-jinja shrine has a very old legend.
One day, Shoshi, a princess in the Heian period (794-1192) went through Hanagaki-jinja shrine. The cherry blossoms around the shrine were so beautiful that she wanted them very much and ordered her retainers to bring them back, but the villagers were very angry and violent. She gave up them and understood that the villagers loved the cherry blossoms. She eventually presented for a flower guard and gave the villagers money.

When Matsuo Basho visited Yono, he wrote a poem about Hanagaki-jinja shrine.
(All the villagers were the decendants of cherry blossom guards:
This means every villager in Yono loves the cherry blossoms of Hangaki-jinja shrine.)
source : igabito/ninja_map

. Hattori Hanzo 服部半蔵 .

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hana no yado 花の宿 lodging with cherry blossoms

花を宿に始め終りや廿日ほど
. hana no yado ni hajime owari ya hatsuka hodo .

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sakuragari 桜狩 "hunting for cherry blossoms"
usually in mountainous regions, looking for mountain cherrry trees.


思ひ立つ木曽や四月の桜狩り / 思ひ出す木曾や四月の桜狩
. omoitatsu Kiso ya shigatsu no sakuragari .
hunting for cherry blossoms in Kiso in the fourth month (written in the third lunar month).



似あはしや豆の粉めしにさくら狩
似合はしや豆の粉飯に桜狩り
. nitsukawashi ya mame no komeshi ni sakuragari .
niawashi ya mame no ko meshi ni sakura-gari
mame no ko meshi is cooked rice sprinkled with kinako bean powder (kinako meshi きな粉飯), which can be formed to musubi rice balls. This is simple but nurishing food for the very poor.





source :　blogs.yahoo.co.jp/yan1123jp

桜狩奇特や日々に五里六里
桜狩り奇特や日々に五里六里
桜狩きとくや日々に五里六里
櫻狩り きどくや日々に五里六里
sakuragari kidoku ya hibi ni go ri roku ri
sakura-gari kitoku ya hibi ni go ri roku ri


cherry blossom viewing:
admirable it is to walk
ten or twelve miles a day
Tr. Barnhill



hunting for cherry blossoms
how praiseworthy! - every day walking
for five Ri, six Ri
Tr. Gabi Greve


元禄一年, Basho age 45. - The cut marker YA is in the middle of line 2.
In memory of Saigyo, who loved the cherry blossoms so much, and probably with his disciple Tokoku 杜国 he walked around in Kii peninsula 紀伊半島.
In Nara at temple Sakurai-Ji 奈良県五條市 桜井寺 there is a memorial stone.

One RI 里 is about 4 kilometers or a bit more than two miles.

- - on the same occasion
日は花に暮てさびしやあすならふ - 　　扇にて酒くむかげやちる櫻

Oi no Kobumi 笈の小文
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


In Memory of priest Saigyo.
. 　Basho and Saigyo 芭蕉と西行法師　.


. - Numbers used by Matsuo Basho - .

. - Tsuboi Tokoku 坪井杜国 - .


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世に盛る花にも念仏申しけり　
. yo ni sakaru hana ni mo nebutsu mooshikeri / mōshikeri .
(spring) cherry blossoms. to them the Nembutsu Amida prayer

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. shoogi, shōgi 将棋 Shogi generals' chess. .

Matsuo Basho liked to play the game too and wrote two poems about it:

山桜将棊の盤も片荷かな
yamazakura shoogi no ban mo katani kana

mountain cherry blossoms -
half of the luggage carried
is the Shogi board . . .

(Maybe he had carried the tools for Hanami on a pole over the shoulder, and one half (katani) was the Shogi board game.

夏の夜や下手の将棋の一二番
natsu no yo ya heta no shoogi no ichi ni ban

this summer night -
an unskillful Shogi player's
first and second strike


from the collection 諸国象戯作物集 of 1700
The poems might have been written by 八段建部和歌夫.
There is anoother poem by Basho in a 連句 Renku

8th poem by 東藤 Todo
一輪咲し芍薬の花
- followed by Basho
棋の工夫二日とぢたる目を明て

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. WKD : Cherry blossoms (sakura　桜) .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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