WKD - Matsuo Basho Archives: XYZ

Showing posts with label XYZ. Show all posts

01/12/2014

X Y Z

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- X Y Z - XXX YYY ZZZ - XYZ -

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. - Yamada Naokimi 山田尚公 - .
Artwork with Basho

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- - - - - . yadofuda 宿札 visitor sign at a lodging . * - - - - -

. yado karite na no nanorasuru shigure kana .
(winter) sleet. getting a lodging. to state my name (at Shimada-juku)

. yadorisen akaza no tsue ni naru hi made .
(summer) pigweed Chenopodium album. I would lodge here. goosefoot grows a staff

. yagate shinu keshiki wa miezu semi no koe .
(summer) voice of the cicadas. to die.

- - - - - . yakko 奴 Yakko servant . * - - - - -

. yakuran ni izure no hana o kusamakura .
no season. medicine garden. which flower for my pillow?

- - - - -

. yamabuki no tsuyu na no hana no kakochigao naru ya .
(spring) rapeseed flowers. yellow mountain roses make a face of envy !

. yamabuki ya kasa ni sasu beki eda no nari .
(spring) yellow mountain rose. stick in in my hat. like a branch

. yamabuki ya Uji no hoiro no niou toki .
(spring) yellow mountain rose. tea oven of Uji. fragrant

- - - - - yama 　山　mountain - - - - -

. yamabushi o kitte kaketaru seki no mae . 山伏 *
yamabushi mountain ascet. barrier / and koyamabushi 小山伏 novice mountain ascetic

. yamadera no kanashisa tsugeyo tokoro hori . 　
(autumn) yam potatoes. this mountain temple. tell us about the sad fate

. yamagatsu no otogai tozuru mugura kana . 山賤(やまがつ) / 山賎 *
(summer) mugura cleavers. forest workers (loggers). keep their mouth shut.

. yamaji kite naniyara yukashi sumiresoo .
(spring) wild violet. mountain road (Nakasendo)

. yamakage ya mi o yashinawan uribatake .
(summer) melon field. mountain cove. I nourish my body

. yama mo niwa mo ugokihairuru natsu zashiki .
(summer) sitting room in summer. garden in the mountains.

. Yamanaka ya kiku o taoranu yu no nioi .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. Yamanaka hot spring. fragrance

. Yamashiro e Ide no kago karu shigure kana .
(winter) sleet. to Yamashiro. from Ide I had to use a palanquin.

. yama wa neko neburite iku ya yuki no hima .
(winter) snow. the name of the mountain is "cat" (Bandaisan). licking the snow. crevices

yamazakura shoogi no ban mo katani kana
(spring) mountain cherry blossoms. half the luggage a Shogi board

. yamazato wa manzai ososhi ume no hana .
(winter) manzai performance. mountain village. late. plum blossoms

- - - - -

- - - - - . yanagi 柳 willow tree . - - - - - ###

- - - - - . yanagigoori 柳行李 Yanagigori, wicker trunk . * - - - - -
koori, katani 行李片荷 carrying boxes for travellers

. yanagigoori katani wa suzushi hatsu makuwa .
(summer) first melon. wicker box luggage. coolness

- - - - - . yarido 　遣り戸, 鑓戸, 槍戸 wooden sliding door . * - - - - -

- - - - - . yashikigata, yashiki-gata 屋敷方 living in a samurai residence (yashiki) . * - - - - -

. yasuyasu to idete izayoo tsuki no kumo .
(autumn) "sixteenth night moon". it comes out easily. clouds. - yasu-yasu to

. yo ga fuuga wa karo toosen no gotoshi .
(winter) handfan in winter. my elegance. fireplace in summer

- - - - - . yogi 夜着 bedtime quilt . * - - - - -

. yogi hitotsu inori-idashite tabine kana .
(winter) padded kimono. like a prayer. sleeping on the journey.
at 鳳来寺山 Mount Horaijisan

. yogi wa omoshi goten ni yuki o miru aran .
(winter) snow. bedcloths. heavy. Kingdom of Wu

- - - - -

- - - - - . yojoohan 四畳半　four and a half tatami room . * - - - - -

. yoki ie ya suzume yorokobu sedo no awa .
(autumn) millet. a splendid house. to be delighted. sparrows at the back door

- - - - - . yoki hi よき日 - nichi nichi kore yoki hi 日々是好日 Every Day is a Good Day . * - - - - -

. yoku mireba nazuna hana saku kakine kana .
(New Year) sheperd's purse. looking closely. hedge

- - - - - . yome ga kimi 嫁が君 first mouse of the year . * - - - - -

yome no koto shuutome miburi shite hanashi
?looking for the Japanese

. yomo ni utsu nazuna mo shidoro modoro kana .
(spring/New Year) Sheperd's purse. the sound of crushing everywhere

- - - - - . yo no naka　世の中 this world . - - - - -

. yo ni furu mo sara ni Soogi no yadori kana .
(autumn) Sogi. life in this world, rain on the shelter of Sogi
Iio Soogi 飯尾宗祇 Iio Sogi

. yo ni sakaru hana ni mo nebutsu mooshikeri / mōshikeri .
(spring) cherry blossom. to them the Nembutsu Amida prayer

. yo no hito no mitsukenu hana ya noki no kuri .
(summer) sweet chestnut flowers. "people of this world"

. yo no naka wa ine karu koro ka kusa no io .
(autumn) harvesting rice. in the world. my thatched hermitage

. yo o tabi ni shiro kaku oda no yuki modori .
(spring) tilling a field. travelling in the world

- - - - -

. . . . . . yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters, ghosts, goblins .
山寺芭蕉記念館 Yamadera Matsuo Basho Kinenkan - Museum exhibitions

. yoote nen nadeshiko sakeru ishi no ue .
(summer) Chinese pink. I am drunk. blooming on rocks

. yorube o itsu hitoha ni mushi no tabine kana .
(autumn) one paulownia leaf. insect floating on it

. yoru hisoka ni mushi wa gekka no kuri o ugatsu .
(autumn) chestnut - in the moonlight a worm -

- - - - - . Yoshioka Motome 吉岡求馬 ### . - - - - -

. Yoshinaka no nezame no yama ka tsuki kanashi .
(autumn) moon. Minamoto no Yoshinaka 源義仲. mountain where he woke up. sad moon

- - - - - . - Yoshinoyama 吉野山 Mount Yoshino and Cherry Blossoms - . - - - - -

. Yoshino nite sakura mishoo zo hinoki-gasa .
(spring) cherry blossoms. Mount Yoshino. pine-bark hat

- - - - -

. Yoshitomo no kokoro ni nitari aki no kaze .
(autumn) wind. in memory of Minamoto no Yoshitomo　頼朝.

- - - - -. yotsu goki 四つ五器 4 or 5 bowls for wandering monks . * - - - - -

. yotsu goki no sorowanu hanami gokoro kana .
(spring) viewing cherry blossoms. my begging bowl set is not complete. my mind enjoys

. yudan shite iku na Usaka no shiriuchi matsuri　 .
(summer) Usaka shrine festival. do not be off guard. bottom-hitting festival

- - - - - yuki 雪　snow - - - - -

. yuki chiru ya hoya no susuki no karinokoshi .
(winter) snow. thatched prayer hut 穂屋 . miscanthus reeds.

. yuki kanashi itsu Daibutsu no kawarabuki .
(winter) snow. how sad. Daibutsu temple, Nara. roof tiles

- - - - - . yukimaruge, yuki maruge 雪丸げ, yuki Daruma 雪だるま snowman . * - - - - -

. yuki ma yori usu murasaki no me udo kana .
(winter) snow. light purple. aralia buds.

. yuki no ashita hitori karazake o kami etari .
(winter) snow. alone. dried salmon

yuki no fuku / hidari kachi / minazuki no koi

yuki no naka wa / hirugao karenu / hikage kana

. yuki o matsu joogo no kao ya inabikari .
(winter) snow. we are waiting. faces of sake drinkers. lightning

yuki to yuki / koyoi shiwasu no / meigetsu ka

. yuki ya suna uma yori ochiyo sake no yoi .
(winter) snow. sand. you fall from your horse. drunk on sake
for Ochi Etsujin

. . . . .

yuku aki no / keshi ni semarite / kakure keri

yuku aki no / nao tanomoshi ya / ao mikan

. yuku aki ya mi ni hikimatou mino-buton .
(autumn) end of autumn. I wrap my body into a narrow matress

. yuku aki ya te o hirogetaru kuri no mari (iga) .
(autumn) end of autumn. chestnut burr

. . . . .

. yuku haru ni Waka no ura nite oitsuki tari .
(spring) spring is ending. at Wakanoura 和歌の浦

. yuku haru o Oomi no hito to oshimikeru . 　　
(spring) spring is ending. people from Omi 近江 (lake Biwako). to lament the passing

. yuku haru ya tori naki uo no me wa namida .
(spring) end of spring. voice of birds, tears. fish
- for his patron, the fish dealer Sugiyama Sanpu 杉山杉風 (Sampu)
on leaving Edo for the Deep North.

. yuku koma no mugi ni nagusamu yadori kana .
(spring) "autumn of the barley". the horse carrying me eats barley. resting at a lodging.

. yuku kumo ya inu no kakebari mura shigure .
(winter) drizzle. passing clouds. a dog pissing.

- - - - -

- - - - - - . yume 夢 dream ###. - - - - - -

. yume yori mo utsutsu no taka zo tanomoshiki .
(winter) hawk. better than a dream. reliable

- - - - - yu 湯 hot spring

. yu no nagori iku tabi miru ya kiri no moto .
(autumn) fog. leaving the hot spring. I look back many times - at Yamanaka Hot Spring

. yu no nagori koyoi wa hada no samukaran .
(autumn) the skin feels cold (hadasamu). tonight my skin will not feel cold at Yamanaka Hot Spring

. yu o musubu chikai mo onaji iwashimizu .
at Nasu Hot Spring the same pledge

. yuubare ya sakura ni suzumu nami no hana .
(spring) cherry blossoms. coolness, blossoms on the waves

- - - - - . - yuugao 夕顔 moonflower, bottle gourd - . - - - - -

. yuugao no shiroku yoru no kooka ni shisoku torite .
(autumn) moonflower. white. outhouse. torchlight

. yuugao ya yoote kao dasu mado no ana .
(autumn) moonflower. I was drunk. sticking my head out of the window

- - - - - . yuujo, yūjo 遊女 whore, whores, prostitute . * - - - - -

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- - - - - . . - zappai, zoo 雑 Zo - miscellaneous poems by Basho - . . - - - - -

- - - - - . zashiki 座敷　"sitting room", visitor's room - natsu zashiki 夏座敷 . * - - - - -

. zatoo ka to hito ni mirarete tsukimi kana . 座頭 zatō *
(autumn) moon viewing. I appear like a blind man

- - - - - . zoori 草履 straw sandals . * - - - - -

zoori no shiri orite kaeran yama-zakura
(spring) mountain cherry blossoms. straw sandals fold in half

. zoosui ni biwa kiku noki no arare kana .
(summer) hail. falling on the eaves. sounds like a biwa lute. rice porridge

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01/07/2012

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- asagao 朝顔 morning glory -

. WKD - asagao 朝顔 morning glory .
lit. "morning face"

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. asagao ni ware wa meshi kuu otoko kana .
(autumn) morning glories. I am a man eating rice

朝顔は下手の書くさへあはれなり
. asagao wa heta no kaku sae aware nari .
(autumn) morning glories. painted poorly. showing pathos

朝顔は酒盛知らぬ盛り哉
. asagao wa sakamori shiranu sakari kana .
(autumn) morning glories. we drink sake and make merry

- - - - - Basho closes the Fukagaww Hermitage. heikan no setsu 閉関の説

朝顔や昼は鎖おろす門の垣
. asagao ya hiru wa joo orosu mon no kaki .

蕣や是も叉我が友ならず
. asagao ya kore mo mata waga tomo narazu .

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三ヶ月や朝顔の夕べ蕾むらん
mikazuki ya / asagao no yūbe / tsubomuran

. soo asagao ikushi ni kaeru nori no matsu .
(autumn) morning glories. monks. to die. Dharma pine
at temple Taimadera 当麻寺

笑ふべし泣くべしわが朝顔の凋む時
. warau beshi naku beshi waga asagao no shibomu toki .
(summer) morning glories. should I laugh? should I cry? whithering

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- yuugao 夕顔 bottle gourd -

. WKD - yuugao 夕顔 (ゆうがお) bottle gourd (plant) .
Calonyction aculeatum, Ipomea alba. moonflower
lit. "evening face"

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夕顔に干瓢むいて遊びけり
yūgao ni / kanpyō muite / asobi keri

夕顔に見とるるや身もうかりひよん
yūgao ni / mitoruru ya mi mo / ukari hyon

夕顔の白ク夜ノ後架に紙燭とりて
. yuugao no shiroku yoru no kooka ni shisoku torite .
(autumn) moonflower. white. outhouse. torchlight (?candle)

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夕顔や秋はいろいろの瓢哉　
yuugao ya / aki wa iroiro no / fukube kana

Look at a sake cup with this hokku:
. Basho and sakazuki 盃 sake cups .

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夕顔や酔うて顔出す窓の穴
yūgao ya / youte kao dasu / mado no ana
yuugao ya yoote kao dasu mado no ana

this bottle gourd flower -
I was drunk sticking my head out
of the hole of the window
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in summer of 1693. 元禄6年

It might well have been the small window of the toilet, since he mentiones the ANA, the hole of the window.
When Basho stuck his drunken head out of it, he saw the beautiful flower right there.
It is quite unlikely that he is writing about someone else.

Other versions recorded by Kyorai

夕顔に酔うて顔出す窓の穴
yuugao NI

夕顔や酔て顔出す竹すだれ
..... take sudare

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hirugao ひるがお　- 昼顔 field bindweed, convolvulus
Calystegia japonica
lit. "midday face"

昼顔に米搗き涼むあはれなり
. hirugao ni kometsuki suzumu aware nari .

TBA

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. yuugao 夕顔 (ゆうがお) bottle gourd (plant) .
Calonyction aculeatum, Ipomea alba. moonflower
- and
morning-glory, asagao　朝顔

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zappai - miscellaneous

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- zappai, zoo 雑 Zo - miscellaneous -

In haiku poetry there is the category of "miscellaneous", zappai 雑俳, zakku 雑句.

This comprises short poems that do not fall under the formal criteria set up for haiku/hokku, but which are often listed in a saijiki.

. Haiku - Senryu - Zappai .

In the pre-Meiji era (before 1868), almost all haiku contained a kigo.
For example,
Japanese experts have classified
only 10 of Matsuo Bashō's hokku in the miscellaneous (zō) category
(out of about 1,000 hokku).

. Kigo used in Haiku .

Other poems of the 5 7 5 type by Basho appeared in the middle part of a renku or kasen, where no season word was required.
They would not be seen as HOKKU　発句 - first KU in a linked verse - in his time.

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朝夜さを誰松島ぞ片心
あさよさを誰まつしまぞ片ごゝろ
. asayosa o taga Matsushima zo katagokoro .
asa yosa o taga Matsushima zo kata kokoro

7 5 5 - no kigo

歩行ならば杖つき坂を落馬哉
. kachi naraba Tsuetsuki-zaka o rakuba kana .
during a ride up Walking-stick Hill

語られぬ湯殿にぬらす袂かな
. katararenu Yudono ni nurasu tamoto kana .

此筋は銀も見しらず不自由さよ
. kono suji wa gin mo mishirazu fujiyuusa yo .
part of a kasen from Sarumino 　猿蓑集　巻之五

呑明て花生となる二升樽 - nomi-akete hana-ike to naru nishoodaru
呑明て花生にせん二升樽 -
. nomi akete hana-ike ni sen nishoodaru .

. Saga Nikki 嵯峨日記 Saga Diary .

薬欄にいづれの花を草枕
. yakuran ni izure no hana o kusamakura .
The season is autumn, but no special kigo is mentioned.

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. Haiku - Senryu - Zappai .

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03/06/2012

Yasomura Rotsu

source : basyou2-bokuin
Rotsu is kneeling beside Basho

- - - Station 43 - Ogaki 大垣 - - -
. Oku no Hosomichi 奥の細道　.

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kusamakura makoto no hanami shite mo koyo

Grass pillow
true blossom viewing
do even come

comments are here
A Zen Wave: Basho's Haiku and Zen : Robert Aitken
source : books.google.co.jp

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Rotsu compiled a collection of haikai poems in 1690, called

Haikai Kanjinchoo 俳諧勧進牒 - Collection to promote Haikai

The following poems by Basho Furabo 風羅坊 are listed:

これや世の煤に染まらぬ古合子
kore ya yo no susu ni somaranu furu gooshi / goosu / gabushi

well - this old set of bowls
is not colored by the soot
of this world

Written in December 1689, Genroku 2 元禄2年12月, In Zeze 膳所.
For Haikai Kanjin Choo 俳諧勧進牒 compiled by Yasomura Rotsuu 八十村路通 Rotsu.

Rotsu had left his bag with a set of five bowls at a lodging in Osaka. The proprietor of the inn delivered it seven years later to Awazu (Shiga) and its owner was overjoyed.
When Basho heard this story, he wrote this hokku. It is a rare story of kindness and goodwill, even at the time of Basho.

The cut marker YA is in the middle of line 1.
The kigo here is suzuharai 煤払ひ wiping of the soot for New Year preparations.

. bowls for food offerings .

はつ雪や聖小憎の笈の色
. hatsuyuki ya hijiri kozoo no oi no iro .

蛇くふときけば恐ろし雉子の声
. hebi kuu to kikeba osoroshi kiji no koe .

大津絵の筆のはじめは何仏
. Ootsu e no fude no hajime wa nani botoke .

野を横に馬引むけよほとゝぎす
. no o yoko ni uma hikimuke yo hototogisu .

荒海や佐渡によこたふ天の川
.araumi ya Sado ni yokotau amanogawa / ara umi ya .

月さびよ明智が妻の咄しせむ
. tsuki sabiyo Akechi ga tsuma no hanashi sen .

梅若菜鞠子の宿のとろゝ汁
. ume wakana Mariko no yado no tororo jiru .

Included where also poems by 路通 Rotsu, 露沾 Rosen, 乙州 Otokuni, 其角 Kikaku and 仏頂 priest Butcho.

- reference -

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Some of the hokku by Rotsu

鴨の巣の見えたりあるはかくれたり　
kamo no su no mietari aru wa kakuretari

the duck's nest
now it can be seen
now it is hidden

我まゝをいはする花のあるじ哉　（『あら野』）

はつ雪や先草履にて隣まで　（『あら野』）

元朝や何となけれど遅ざくら　（『あら野』）

水仙の見る間を春に得たりけり　（『あら野』）

ころもがへや白きは物に手のつかず　（『あら野』）

芦の穂やまねく哀れよりちるあはれ　（『あら野』）

MORE
source : itoyo/basho

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A legend from Kyoto 京都府 Fushimi 伏見区
Yasomura Rotsu 八十村路通, a disciple of the Haiku poet 芭蕉 Matsuo Basho had been to 伏見稲荷 Fushimi Inari Shrine where he met an old priest, who was in fact a fox from the home of a friend from 彦根 Hikone.
Rotsu asked the fox about Hikone and the fox was happy to entertain him.

. Legends from Fushimi, Kyoto .

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. Persons introduced by Matsuo Basho .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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01/06/2012

Yado from Kyoto

Sento palace grounds are located within the southeast corner of the Kyoto Imperial Palace, and entered via a stately wooden gate within its surrounding earthen wall. A carriage house with graceful triple gables sits just within, but still outside the garden's unadorned inner wall, whose gate leads directly to a fine view opening westward across the garden pond.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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元禄7年7月7日
On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month in 1694 Basho visited him for a haikai meeting.

七夕や秋を定むる夜のはじめ　
Tanabata ya aki o sadamuru yo no hajime

star festival night -
now autumn has really come
as the night begins
Tr. Gabi Greve

Festival des Étoiles
L’automne s’est installé
la première des nuits
Tr. ?
source : www.japon-a-paris.fr

In another draft, the hokku was

七夕や秋を定むるはじめの夜
tanabata ya aki o sdamuru hajime no yo

star festival night -
now the first night of autumn
has really come
Tr. Gabi Greve

While it is still quite hot during the day, by nighttime, when the stars come out, there is a feeling of autumnal coolness.

source :　風太郎のページ

. WKD : Star Festival (Tanabata 七夕) .

MORE - Hokku about Tanabata
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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- - - - - Hokku by Yado

椶櫚の葉の霰に狂ふあらし哉　（『猿蓑』）

じねんごの藪ふく風ぞあつかりし　（『猿蓑』）

大比叡やはこぶ野菜の露しげし　（『猿蓑』）

燕や田をおりかへす馬のあと　（『續猿蓑』）

背たらおふ物見せばや花の春　（『續猿蓑』）

澤瀉や道付かゆる雨のあと　（『續猿蓑』）

花すゝきとらへぢからや村すヾめ　（『炭俵』）

source : itoyo/basho

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. Persons introduced by Matsuo Basho .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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Yamaguchi Sodo

source :　itoyo/basho

From Hakushu 白州 in the Koshu province甲州, now Yamanashi prefecture.
His father was Yamaguchi Ichi-emon 山口市右衛門, who had a sake brewing business in the town of Kofu 甲府魚町.

Even now the distillery of Suntory サントリー白州ディストラリー is nearby
source : www.suntory.co.jp

Sodo was not interested in the family business, even as the eldest son, so he left business to his younger brother and went to Edo. He studied Chinese classics (kangaku 漢学) with Hayashi Shunsai 林春斎.
He was about 2 years older than Matsuo Basho, but they soon became very close friends.

They published some haikai collections together:
江戸両吟集 in 1676 and 江戸三吟 in 1678.

His haikai teacher was
. Kitamura Kigin 北村季吟 (1625 - 1705).

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Sodoo Ki 素堂忌 Sodo Memorial Day
kigo for late autumn

. WKD : Memorial Days of Famous People .

素堂忌に深川遠き祭かな
Sodoo ki ni Fukagawa tooki matsuri kana

on Sodo Memorial day
in far-away Fukagawa
there is a festival . . .

Masuda Ryuu-U 増田龍雨 Masuda Ryu-U

. WKD : Fukagawa 深川 and Haiku .

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Between 1692 (Genroku 4) and 1699 (Genroku 7),
Tansetsu Kano drew the pictures, on that the three of Kikaku 其角, Basho　芭蕉 and Yamaguchi Sodo 山口素堂 wrote a caption each other, at the request of Shukuzan Hisamatsu 久松粛山 who belonged to the domain of Matsuyama.

Sodo wrote the hokku about the drum:

青海や太鼓ゆるみて春の声
aoumi ya daiko yurumite haru no koe

I'm seeing the blue sea
The sound of drum has very softened
And Spring is in the air
Tr. from Ehime

. Three Venerable Treasures, sanson 三尊 of the Haiku World .

and Kobayashi Issa wrote about the three treasure-poets

正風の三尊見たり梅の宿
shoofuu no san-zon mitari ume no yado

I view three masters
of the original style ...
plum blossom inn

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目に青葉山ほととぎす初かつお
me ni aoba yama hototogisu hatsu katsuo

green leaves to look at
hototogisu in the mountains
first Katsuo skipjack

. WKD : First Things, New Things .

from the Arano あら野 collection

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Written in the second lunar month of 1676 延宝4年２月
for the hokku collection 江戸両吟集.

- - - - Matsuo Basho wrote:

この梅に牛も初音と鳴きつべし
kono ume ni ushi mo hatsune to nakitsu beshi

to this plum tree
even the ox might want to shout
his first moo . ..

the first call of an uguisu sounds "hoo hoke kyoo" to the Japanese ear.
Here Basho makes fun with the sound of "moo momo moo " of an oxen.
This was part of the Danrin hokku school of humorous poetry.

. WKD : uguisu no hatsune 鶯の初音 first call of the nightingale .

This hokku was wirtten at the shrine Yushima Tenmangu 湯島天満宮 in memoriam of Sugawara no Michizane.
The statue of an ox is in front of the shrine.

Michizane's funeral procession was a melancholy occasion, attended only by his faithful follower Yasuyuki Umasake and a few neighbors. The coffin was carried on a cow carriage led by Yasuyuki, according to the legend the ox suddenly came to a halt and refused to budge despite threats and entreaties.
The burial therefore took place on the spot, and this became the site of the Tenmangu's main shrine visited today by so many admirers.

. Sugawara Michizane　菅原道真 .

....................................................................................................................................................

Written in December of 1691 元禄4年師走.
Basho stayed for a haikai meeting at the home of Yamaguchi Sodo.

- - - - Matsuo Basho wrote:

魚鳥の心は知らず年忘れ　
uo tori no kokoro wa shirazu toshi wasure

how fish and birds
feel at heart, I do not know -
the year-end party
Tr. Ueda

This hokku refers to a poem of the Hoojooki 方丈記 Hojoki from the Kamakura period
by Kamo no Chōmei 鴨長明 Kamo no Chomei, My Account of My Hut.

. WKD : End of the Year .

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Sodo wrote:

年の一夜王子の狐見にゆかん
toshi no hitoya ooji no kitsune mi ni yukan

last night of the year -
let's go to Oji to see
the foxes

. Ooji no kitsunebi 王子の狐火 "fox fire" at Oji Inari Shrine .

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元禄6年10月9日 - 1693, October 9

This is just one month after the famous Chrysanthemum Festival.
Basho and his disciples had a late celebration at the home of Yamaguchi Sodo. They saw the sole of a straw sandal with a broken thong.
They seemed to enjoy the contrast of the elegance of the Chrysanthemum festival with the lost sandal in the garden.

- - - - Matsuo Basho wrote:

菊の香や庭に切れたる履の底
kiku no ka ya niwa ni kiretaru kutsu no soko

chrysanthemum fragrance—
in the garden, the sole
of a worn-out sandal
Tr. Addiss

Basho also wrote

いざよひのいずれか今朝に残る菊
. izayoi no izure ka kesa ni nokoru kiku .

. Chrysanthemum Haiku .

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- - - - - Hokku by Sodo

池に鵞なし假名書習ふ柳陰　（『あら野』）

綿の花たまたま蘭に似たるかな　（『あら野』）

名もしらぬ小草花咲野菊哉　（『あら野』）

唐土に富士あらばけふの月もみよ　（『あら野』）

麥をわすれ華におぼれぬ鴈ならし　（『あら野』）

髭宗祇池に蓮ある心かな　（『炭俵』）

三か月の隠にてすヾむ哀かな　（『炭俵』）

うるしせぬ琴や作らぬ菊の友　（『續炭俵』）

行ずして見五湖いりがきの音をきく　（『去来抄』）

source : itoyo/basho

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quote
. . . . . an epilogue to a haibun by his (Basho's) friend Yamaguchi Sodô :

EPILOGUE TO “EXPOSITION ON THE BAGWORM”
One day, while dwelling in the desolation of my cottage, I wrote a verse. Touched by the verse, my friend Sodô inscribed a poem and a prose work to it. His lines are beautiful like brocade, and his words are gems. Reading his inscription, I see the artistry of "Encountering Sorrow."
It has the novelty of Su Shi and the ingenuity of Huang Tingjian. He mentions the filial piety of Shun and Zeng Shen at the beginning to let us learn from their virtue. He praises the incapability of the bagworm to remind us of the spirit of the Zhuangzi. He treasures tiny creatures like bagworms to teach us contentment with one’s lot. He also draws upon the old stories of Lü Fang and Ziling to reveal the meaning of reclusion.

At the end, he jokes about the jade worm, exhorting people not to indulge in love. Who else can know the heart of the bagworm so well as this old gentleman Sodô?! What he wrote can be described precisely by
“In quiet contemplation, one finds all things have their own reasons for existence.”

Indeed, in Sodô I see the meaning of this famous poem.
Since ancient times, most people who deal with the writing brush pursue embellishments at the cost of content, or take content seriously but ignore fûryû. When reading Sodô’s prose poem, one is attracted not only by its embellishment but, more significantly, by its essence.

There is a gentleman named Chôko in this area. Upon learning of Sodô’s prose, he made a painting based on it. His painting is truly deep in feeling while light in color. Looking at the painting attentively, I feel as if the bagworm is moving and the yellow leaves are falling. Listening carefully, I feel I have heard the the autumn wind blowing gently and felt its coldness. I am very fortunate to have leisure in this hut of idleness and to have the profound friendship of the two gentlemen, like a bagworm that is bestowed glorifying honor.

source : Basho-and-the-Dao - Peipei-Qiu

蓑虫の音を聞きに来よ草の庵
. minomushi no ne o kiki ni koyo kusa no io .

come to listen
to the sound of the bagworms!
my grass hut
Tr. Gabi Greve

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- - -- - comment by Larry Bole;

Yoel Hoffmann identifies the following haiku as Sodo's 'death poem':

ware o tsurete waga kage kaeru tsukimi kana

Full autumn moon:
my shadow takes me with him
and returns.
--Sodo, trans. Hoffmann

Leading me along,
my shadow goes back home
from looking at the moon.
--trans. Henderson

Hoffmann states that
"Sodo died on the day of the full autumn moon," which was "the fifteenth day of the eighth month, 1716, at the age of seventy-five"

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. Persons introduced by Matsuo Basho .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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yume - dream

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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- yume 夢　dream -

Hatsuyume (初夢) is the Japanese word for the first dream had in the new year. Traditionally, the contents of the dream would fortell the luck of the dreamer in the ensuing year. In Japan, the night of December 31 was often passed without sleeping, thus the hatsuyume was often the dream seen the night of January 1. This explains why January 2 (the day after the night of the "first dream") is known as Hatsuyume in the traditional Japanese calendar.

It is considered to be particularly good luck to dream of Mount Fuji, a hawk, and an eggplant. This belief has been in place since the early Edo period but there are various theories regarding the origins as to why this particular combination was considered to be auspicious.

. WKD : First Dream (hatsuyume 初夢) .

kusamakura, kusa makura 草枕 pillows stuffed with grass
. Basho and his pillow .

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明日は粽難波の枯葉夢なれや
. asu wa chimaki Naniwa no kareha yume nare ya .

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富士の雪廬生が夢を築かせたり　
Fuji no yuki Rosei ga yume o tsukasetari

snow on Mount Fuji -
Rosei creates the world
in his dream

Basho age 34
He compares the fresh white snow of mount Fuji to the mountain of silver which the young Rosei saw in his dream.

The proverb is
Kantan no Makura 邯鄲の枕 Pillow of Kantan
Kantan yume no makura 邯鄲夢の枕
Kantan is a city in China.

Rosei no yume, Kantan no yume

Kantan 邯鄲（能）is now also a famous Noh Play.

Rosei kantan issui no yume 魯生耶潭一炊夢
Lu Sheng's Transient Dream at Handan
- Reference -

quote
the Chinese tale of Lu Sheng ((廬生), in Japanese: Rosei), (713 - 741)
a young man who falls asleep in the Zhao capital of Handan), and dreams of glory but wakes to find that the millet at his bedside has not even begun to boil. However, in the manner of a roman à clef the reader is given visual and textual clues that the characters actually represent contemporary figures such as the kabuki actor Segawa Kikunojō II (瀬川菊之丞（二世）), and these figures' personal lives are parodied.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA - 草双紙 !

summer grasses--
traces of dreams
of ancient warriors

"... The emphemerality, the dream-like nature of such "ambitions" (yume), is foreshadowed in the opening phrase of the prose passage ("in the space of a dream," 'issui no yume'), a reference to the Noh play 'Kantan', about a man (Rosei) who napped and dreamed a lifetime of glory and defeat while waiting for dinner. ..."

Shirane

. WKD : Brave Warrior (tsuwamono) .

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餅を夢に折り結ぶ歯朶の草枕　
. mochi o yume ni ori musubu shida no kusa makura .

夏草や兵どもが夢の跡
. natsukusa ya tsuwamano-domo ga yume no ato .

旅に病んで夢は枯野をかけ廻る
. tabi ni yande yume wa kareno o kakemeguru .
The last hokku of Basho !

蛸壺やはかなき夢を夏の月　
. takotsubo ya hakanaki yume o natsu no tsuki .

馬に寝て残夢月遠し茶の煙
. uma ni nete zanmu tsuki tooshi cha no keburi .
(autumn) moon. horseback. I sleep. dream. smoke from tea

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夢よりも現の鷹ぞ頼もしき　
yume yori mo utsutsu no taka zo tanomoshiki

Written in 1687 貞亨4年, Basho age 44. Oi no Kobumi.

Basho was visiting Iragozaki, a place famous for its hawks.
His disciple Tsuboi Tokoku 坪井杜国 (? - 1690) lived there.
This hokku shows his pleasure of meeting his old friend, who had been in exile since about 1 year and a half earlier (since 貞亨2年8月19日).

. - Tsuboi Tokoku 坪井杜国 - .

(quote from Traces of Dreams - Shirane, pg 322):

dream than also
reality s hawk !
reliable

An earlier variation on the passage was:

-- Tokoku had encountered misfortune and was living at Irago Point, where I visited him. As we were speaking, I heard the voice of a hawk. --

The headnote suggests that Basho had constantly been dreaming of Tokoku, represented here by the hawk, and was now overjoyed to be finally with him.

a hawk in the flesh
is more reliable than
one in a dream
Tr. Shirane

. . . . .

I visited Tokoku, who was living in difficult circumstances at Cape Irago. From time to time I heard the cry of a hawk.

more than dream
the hawk of reality
heartens me
Tr. Barnhill

Even more than dream
the hawk of reality
reassures me.
Tr. Keene

more reassuring
than in a dream
the real hawk
Tr. Reichhold

MORE - discussion of this HAWK haiku and about the place:
. - - - Basho visiting Iragozaki 伊良湖崎 cape Irago, Irako point.

Basho is writing with respect to a waka in the Kokinshu poetry almanach of the Heian period.

むばたまの闇のうつつは定かなる
夢にいくらもまさらざりけり

mubatama no yami no utsutsu wa sadaka naru
yume ni ikura mo masarazarikeri

It was little better
than the vivid dream I dreamt —
that meeting with you
in earthly darkness,
black as leopard-flower seeds.
source :　Steven Carter

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The power of dreams

- Reference -

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. WKD : First Dream (hatsuyume 初夢) .

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Yoshioka Motome

The actors Yoshioka Motome and Uemura Kichisaburô holding hand puppets
source :　www.artnet.fr
by Kiyonobu Torii, about 1700-1710

- Reference -

. WKD : Kabuki Theater ... 歌舞伎 .

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花あやめ一夜に枯れし求馬哉
hana ayame ichiya ni kareshi Motome kana

this Ayame iris
has withered over night
like actor Motome . . .

「俗士にさそはれて、五月四日、吉岡求馬を見る。
五日はや死す。よつて追善」

Written on the 5th day of the 5th month in 1688, in Osaka. Basho age 45.

Basho saw a performance with this young actor on the 4th day of the 5th lunar month.
Probably at Yamatoya Jinbei za 大和屋甚兵衛座
But by next morning, the actor had died. It is not quite clear what happened.
Basho was quite perplexed by this news and wrote this requiem for him.

The hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.

. WKD : ayame あやめ Ayame iris .
A favorite flower for the Boy's Festival of the 5/5 day.

from the poem collection 蕉翁句集.

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Yamatoya Jinbei I 大和屋甚兵衛 (初代) First Generation
(? - 1704)
Kabuki Actor and Theater Group Leader in Kamigata (Osaka and Kyoto).

Yamatoya Jinbei II 大和屋甚兵衛 (2代)
Second son of I. Acted first on the Soun-Za 早雲座 in Kyoto in 1701.
His name was 大和屋藤吉.

Yamatoya Jinbei III 大和屋甚兵衛 (3代)
He is famous for playing female roles at the Soun-Za. In 1747 he also performed other roles.

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. WKD : Kabuki Theater ... 歌舞伎 .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - Persons introduced by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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Yamashiro and Ide

source :　www.mapshop.co.jp
Map from the year 1834 - 天保5年

It was part of the old domaine Yamashiro no kuni　山城の国、山城国.

Yamashiro Province (山城国, Yamashiro no Kuni) was a province of Japan, located in Kinai. It overlaps the southern part of modern Kyoto Prefecture on Honshū. Aliases include Jōshū (城州), the rare Sanshū (山州), and Yooshuu, Yōshū (雍州). It is classified as an upper province in the Engishiki.

Yamashiro Province included Kyoto itself, as in 794 AD Yamashiro became the seat of the imperial court, and, during the Muromachi Period, was the seat of the Ashikaga Shogunate as well. The capital remained in Yamashiro until its de facto move to Tokyo in the 1870s.

“Yamashiro” was formerly written with the characters meaning “mountain” (山) and “area” (代); in the 7th century, there were things built listing the name of the province with the characters for “mountain” and “ridge”/“back” (山背国). On 4 December 794 (8 Shimotsuki, 13th year of Enryaku), at the time of the christening of Heian-kyō, because of the resultant scenic beauty when Emperor Kammu made his castle utilizing the natural surroundings, the shiro was finally changed to “castle” (山城国).
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Ide town 井手町, part of Tsuzuki district 綴喜（つづき）
京都綴喜郡井手町
Also part of the old Yamashiro no Kuni.

Basho passed here on the way from Nara to Yamashiro.
Ide is about 15 km away from Nara
This region was famous for its frogs (kawazu 蛙) and the yamabuki 山吹 mountain roses.

. Ide no Tamagawa　井手の玉川－ Kyoto .
a famous place for Japanese poetry.

. Kyoto, hana no miyako 花の都 capital of blossoms .

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山城へ井出の駕籠借る時雨哉
Yamashiro e Ide no kago karu shigure kana

to Yamashiro
I had to use a sedan chair from Ide
because of the winter sleet . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in the 12th lunar month of 1689, 元禄2年12月. Basho age 46

Instead of taking a leisurely walk, Basho had to hurry in the cold rain, using a palanquin for protection.

This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.

. WKD : kago 篭 palaquin, sedan chair .

. - shigure 時雨 winter drizzle, sleet - .

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山吹や井出を流るる鉋屑
yamabuki ya Ide o nagaruru kannakuzu

these yellow roses -
wood shavings are flowing down
the river Ide
Tr. Gabi Greve

. Yosa Buson and Yamabuki .

More about the ralationship of kannakuzu and the river Ide to be explored

永らへば　また此頃や　しのばれむ
憂しと見し世ぞ　今は恋しき

Fujiwara no Kiyosuke 藤原清輔朝臣

and

嵐ふく　三室の山のもみぢ葉は
竜田の川の　にしきなりけり

Noin Hooshi 能因法師

加久夜の長の帯刀節信は数奇者なり。始めて能因に逢ひ、相互に感緒有り。能因云はく、「今日見参の引き出物に見るべき物侍り」とて、懐中より錦の小袋を取り出だす。その中に鉋屑一筋有り。示して云はく、「これは吾が重宝なり。長柄の橋造るおの時の鉋屑なり」と云々。時に節信喜悦甚だしくて、また懐中より紙に包める物を取り出だす。これを開きて見るに、かれたるかへるなり。「これは井堤の蛙に侍り」と云々。共に感嘆しておのおのこれを懐にし、退散すと云々。
『袋草子』上巻　（『新日本古典文学大系29』岩波書店）

Fukuro zooshi - 袋草子
source : www.oneg.zakkaz.ne.jp

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. Kyoto, hana no miyako 花の都 capital of blossoms .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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Yoshino and Shizuka

source :　library.pref.nara.jp/gallery/ezu/meisyo

. WKD : Yoshinoyama 吉野山 Mount Yoshino .

The following hokku by Basho are explained in this link:

今宵誰吉野の月も十六里
koyoi tare Yoshino no tsuki mo juuroku ri

待つ花や藤三郎が吉野山
matsu hana ya Toozaburoo ga Yoshinoyama

目に残る吉野を瀬田の蛍哉
me ni nokoru Yoshino o Seta no hotaru kana

吉野にて桜見せうぞ檜木笠
Yoshino nite sakura mishoo zo hinoki-gasa

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Basho visited Yoshino during his "Weatherbeaten Trip" in 1684 - 84.

He describes the small huts of the forest workers and the echo of the temple bells.
To him it looked like the famous Mount Lu in China.
At one temple, where he spent the night, he wrote the following hokku:

砧打て我に聞かせよや坊が妻
. kinuta uchite ware ni kikase yo ya boo ga tsuma .

pounding cloth
for me to hear ...
the wife of the priest

- - - - - and he also wrote about the hut of Saigyo:

露とくとく試みに浮世すすがばや　
tsuyu tokutoku kokoromi ni ukiyo susugabaya

dew trickles down:
in it I would try to wash away
the dust of the floating world
Tr. Barnhill

. Basho and Saigyo　芭蕉 - 西行 .

Nozarashi Kiko 　野ざらし紀行 The Weatherbeaten Trip
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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source :　itoyo/basho
Memorial Stone at Hirao village.

花の陰謡に似たる旅寝哉
hana no kage utai ni nitaru tabine kana

On a journey,
Resting beneath the cherry blossoms,
I feel myself to be in a Noh play.
Tr. Takase

in the blossom’s shade
as in the no drama
a traveler sleeps
Tr. Ueda

Written in 1688, Basho stayed at Hirao Village 平尾村.
utai here refers to a famous Noh song 謡曲 (yookyoku) about "Futari Shizuka" 二人静.
While Basho enjoys to sleep on his travels, he is reminded of the tragic story of Shizuka and Yoshitsune.

. Oi no Kobumi 笈の小文 .

MORE - hokku about tabine, sleeping on the road whilst travelling
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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source :　yunitake2000

futari shizuka 二人静 (ふたりしずか)　
This is also the name of a plant, Chloranthus serratus, and a kigo for late spring.

quote
Futari Shizuka (二人静) - play attributed to Zeami
One early spring a Priest from Yoshino stood along the banks of the Natsumi River. It was the seventh day of the first month and he was watching over the women as they were plucking new shoots for the Festival of Young Herbs. He had called his Servant to him and instructed him to gather everyone up, since it was getting late in the day. One Village Woman malingered in returning, and the Servant scolded her for it.
- snip -
The Priest was shocked. Had the poor Village Woman lost her mind? Suddenly realizing that she had become possessed, he begged the spirit to speak its true name so he might better pray for them. Who are you, he said? One who served Yoshitsune replied the possessing spirit. Might you be Kanefusa, Yoshitsune’s loyal friend, asked the Priest?

Kanefusa was indeed a loyal vassal, said the possessing spirit, but I am not him. He ended his own life after the death of Yoshitsune, setting fire to the mansion and dying in the blaze. I am not he; in truth I am a woman and accompanied Yoshitsune as far as he would allow it. The sleeves of my robe are soaked with the endless tears of my love and devotion for him. It was beyond the possessing spirit’s ability to even speak her own name aloud.

Might you be the Lady Shizuka, asked the Priest?
If so, then you were well known for the beauty of your dance. Please, dance for us now, and I will pray for your release from this world with an open heart. It is true, I loved to dance, she said, and I had made an offering of my dancing robes to the Katte shrine before my departure.

If you are truly Shizuka, said the Priest, then what color were your robes?
The hakama were deepest azure, made of raw silk and striped with gloss, and the jacket was covered in flowers like the fields of autumn. The Priest looked in the shrine treasury, and behold, the dancing robes were just as the spirit of Lady Shizuka had described. Please, he said, put on these robes and dance for us. Gathering his attendants they watched, enraptured, as the possessed Young Woman donned Lady Shizuka’s robes.

From out of the gathering darkness, the spirit of Lady Shizuka appeared. Now there were two Shizuka Gozen, one spectral and living! They faced each other in their fine robes and recounted the tale of Yoshitsune’s flight:
- snip -
After Yoshitsune’s departure by his own hand, the Lady Shizuka had been summoned before Yoritomo. In her womb was Yoshitsune’s unborn son. Dance for me, Yoritomo declared; show me your renowned skills! With broken heart, and terrible longing she danced against her own desires, her soul overcome with bitterness.

The two Lady Shizuka’s danced slowly, their sleeves gracefully sweeping the ground, almost but not quite touching, almost but not quite intertwined. There was an old poem about love, about wishing that there was a way to make the past into the present – but for Shizuka the past brought only sadness. For her unhappiness was surely the only unchanging thing in this transient world.

Theatre Nohgaku Blog - David Surtasky
source : theatrenohgaku.wordpress.com

When Shizuka 静 had to leave the Yoshino mountains, because she was pregnant and could not proceed in the harsh mountain roads, she wrote the following poem and then went to Kamakura:

見るとても嬉しくもなします鏡
恋しき人のかげをとめねば

even if I look into the mirror, I do not feel happy
because it does not show the man I love

Her man, Yoshitsune, and his vassal, the strongman Benkei

Yoshitsune and Benkei viewing Cherry Blossoms

. Yoshitsune and Benkei　義経と弁慶 .

. 牛若丸　Ushiwakamaru 源の義経　Minamoto no Yoshitsune .
- Introduction -

source : kamigata.jp/kmgt
Yoshitsune Senbon-zakura by Kunihiro

Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura (義経千本桜)
Yoshitsune and the Thousand Cherry Trees,
is a Japanese play, one of the three most popular and famous in the Kabuki repertoire.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- - - - - - - - - - back to Bash in Yoshino, 1688, Oi no Kobumi

source :　xxx

On the way down from Yoshino mountain Basho passed this mausoleum and the temple Nyoirin-ji.

御廟年経て忍は何をしのぶ草
御廟年經て忍は何をしのぶ草
. gobyoo toshihete shinobu wa nani o shinobugusa .

time passes by the mausoleum
and what is there to remember -
weeping fern

at the mausoleum of Emperor Godaigo 後醍醐 (1288 - 1339)

This is a pun with the word SHINOBU.

MORE about Godaigo Tenno and shinobugusa :
. WKD : shinobugusa 忍草 weeping fern, hare's foot fern .

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花盛り山は日ごろの朝ぼらけ
hanazakari yama wa higoro no asaborake
hana-zakari

blossoms at their peak,
with the mountains as always
at daybreak
Tr. Barnhill

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ほろほろと山吹散るか滝の音　
. horo horo to yamabuki chiru ka taki no oto .
at the waterfall Nijkoo no Taki 西河の滝 Nijiko no Taki.

龍門の花や上戸の土産にせん
. ryuumon no hana ya joogo no tsuto ni sen .
At the Dragon Gate Waterfall 龍門瀧 in Yoshino.

- Reference : www.bashouan.com

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quote
In fact, Bashô often avoids writing a poem at the most famous sites in his travel accounts. Oi no kobumi tells us that at Yoshino, known for the most beautiful views of cherry blossoms in Japan, the poet
“was unable to find proper language to compose a poem, hence, kept silent.”

source : Basho-and-the-Dao - Peipei-Qiu

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. WKD : Yoshinoyama 吉野山 Mount Yoshino .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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