Oku Station 16 - Kasajima

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- Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - おくのほそ道
The Narrow Road to the Deep North -

. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .


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sometimes spelled Kasashima 笠嶋 "Hat Island"
Now in Miyagi prefecture, Natori town 宮城県名取市.


Basho and his traveler's hat (kasa)
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

- - - Station 16 - Kasajima 笠嶋 - - -

Passing through the castle towns of Abumizuri and Shiroishi, I arrived at the province of Kasajima, where I asked the way to the mound of Lord Sanekata of the Fujiwara family. I was told that I must turn right in the direction of the villages of Minowa and Kasajima visible at the foot of the mountains in the distance, and that the mound was still there by the side of a shrine, buried in deep grass. I wanted to go that way, of course, but the muddy road after the early rain of the wet season and my own weakness stopped me. The names of the two villages were so befitting to the wet season with their echoes of raincoat and umbrella that I wrote:

How far must I walk
To the village of Kasajima
This endlessly muddy road
Of the early wet season?

I stopped overnight at Iwanuma.


Tr. by Nobuyuki Yuasa
source : terebess.hu/english


鐙摺白石の城を過、笠嶋の郡に入れば、藤中将実方の塚はいづくのほどならんと人にとへば、是より遥右に見ゆる山際の里を蓑輪 笠嶋と云。道祖神の社、かた見の薄今にありと教ゆ。此比の五月雨に道いとあしく、身つかれ侍れば、よそながら眺やりて過るに、蓑輪笠嶋も五月雨の折にふれたりと、

笠嶋はいづこさ月のぬかり道


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笠島はいづこ五月のぬかり道
Kasajima wa izuko satsuki no nukari michi

Rainhat Island -
where is it in this rainy month
along muddy roads?
Tr. Barnhill


Kashima's
where now on the month of May's
mud-ridden highway
Tr. Corman/Kamaike


Kasajima -
Which way?
This muddy road of May.
Tr. Saito/Nelson


whereabouts is
Kasashima? this rainy month,
this muddy road
Tr. Ueda


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In the year 1689, June 20 - 元禄2年5月4日


source :　itoyo/basho

This hokku is divided in two parts in the middle of line 2.

Kasajima wa izuko
satsuki no nukari michi

Where is it,
this Kasajima? The muddy road
of the swamp month.
Tr. Gabi Greve


satsuki　皐月 "swamp month"
is the fifth lunar month, now the rainy season of June, July.
五月 is also written with the character for 5　五.

. The Asian Lunar Calendar .




source :　kikyou0123

The haiku sweet represents the stones on the muddy road of Basho.


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Toono chuujoo Sanekata 藤中将実方 Tono Chujo Sanekata
Fujiwara no Sanekata 藤原実方
(? - 998)

A waka poet of the Heian period, during the reign of the Emperor Ichijo (986-1011).
He has one poem in the collection "100 poems from 100 poets".

Legend knows that he was quite a quarreler, and after an argument in the palace with Fujiwara Yukinari he was ordered in exile, as Governor of Mutsu province　陸奥の国.
One day he passed a small shrine of the wayside deities Dosojin 道祖神 of Kasajima without getting off his horse. As divine punishment he was thrown from his horse and died.




When I must hide
these burning feelings,
I feel as though
my body is on fire
with Ibuki mugwort.

Ogura Hyakunin Isshu Poems 小倉百人一首
. Fujiwara no Sanekata Ason 藤原実方朝臣 .


. Doosojin 道祖神 Dosojin .
the Wayside Gods of Japan


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Saigyo also passed this village and wrote the following waka:

くちもせぬ 其の名ばかりを 留め置きて
枯野の薄 形見 にぞみる

kuchi mo senu sono na bakari o todome okite
kareno no susuki katami ni zo miru

He has left nothing
but an undying name
in this world . . .
On his grave in the withered moor
pampas grass is all I see.
Tr. Ueda


Saigyo and Basho 西行法師
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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Abumizuri 　鐙摺　lit. "side of a horse where the stirrups rub"
A small town near tha Abumizuri mountain.
The pass through this mountain is so narrow that the stirrups of a rider almost scrape the sides.

Minowa 蓑輪 lit. "raincoat wheel"

Shiroishi　白石 lit. "white stone"


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Meigetsu harvest moon

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- meigetsu 名月 harvest moon

The full moon of the eighth lunar month, now in September.

This refers to the Chinese custom of celebrating the full moon.
People celebrated the changes of all things, now from a full moon to the waning moon.
There are many different customs in various regions of Japan to celebrate this day with special offerings and rituals.
For example sweet potatoes, edamame beans, moon-viewing dumplings and susuki reed grass.
In some areas, the day 13 is also celebrated in this way, but more often in the ninth lunar month.

. WKD : meigetsu 名月 "famous moon" harvest moon .





under construction
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名月に麓の霧や田の曇り
meigetsu ni / fumoto no kiri ya / ta no kumori

The harvest moon
and the fog at the mountain foot—
mists over the field.

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名月の花かと見えて綿畠
meigetsu no / hana ka to miete / wata-batake

As if blossoms have fallen
from the harvest moon—
the cotton field

quote
While both poems depict the view under the harvest moon, the ¤rst one is a simple and straightforward portrait, which Dohô describes as “the style of the unchanging.”
The second uses explicit symbols. It gives the traditional poetic images, the moon and the flower, fresh significance.

Instead of using hana in its conventional way to mean cherry blossoms specifically as a seasonal word for spring, here it describes the beautiful whiteness of cotton bolls reflecting the bright light of the harvest moon, an image that traditionally signifies the autumn season.
The presentation of the moon in the second poem also departs from its conventional hon’i: while portraying the harvest moon, the poetic vision focuses, not on the moon, nor on its surroundings, but on the cotton field on the earth. It heightens the charm and miraculous power of the moonlight through its reflection on the cotton, which had not been considered a poetic image in classical tradition.

Despite these novel conceptions, the verse shows no trace of striving for ingenuity. The images naturally evoke an autumn moonlight view and the beholder’s feeling. This kind of novelty out of naturalness is the variety that Bashô wished to pursue: change that shares the same base with constancy.
source : Basho-and-the-Dao - Peipei-Qiu


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名月の出づるや五十一ヶ条
meigetsu no / izuru ya goyū / ichi kajō


名月の見所問はん旅寝せん
. meigetsu no midokoro towan tabine sen .
Oku no Hosomichi, in Fukui

名月はふたつ過ぎても瀬田の月
meigetsu wa / futatsu sugite mo / Seta no tsuki

. meigetsu ya chigotachi narabu doo no en .
(autumn) moon. temple acolytes

名月や北国日和定めなき
. meigetsu ya Hokkoku biyori sadame naki .
at Tsuruga

名月や池をめぐりて夜もすがら
. meigetsu ya ike o megurite yo mo sugara . yomosugara
(autumn) moon, pond, night

名月や門に指しくる潮頭
. meigetsu ya mon ni sashi kuru shiogashira .
(autumn) moon. my gate. rising tide

名月や鶴脛高き遠干潟
. meigetsu ya tsuru hagi takaki too higata .
(autumn) moon. lower legs of cranes. far tidal flats

名月や海に向かへば七小町
. meigetsu ya umi ni mukaeba nana Komachi .
(autumn) moon. the sea.
- remembering the Heian-beauty Ono no Komachi 小野 小町

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source : PW_paperback

夏かけて名月暑き涼み哉
natsu kakete meigetsu atsuki suzumi kana

past summer
the full moon night is still so hot
I feel "summer coolness" . . .

Written on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month of 1693 元禄6年8月15日.
The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.
The main kigo here is the "full moon of autumn". Basho uses three words to indicate the heat:
natsu - summer
atsuki - it is hot
suzumi - to feel cool in summer


In this hot summer of 1683, Basho had lost all of his energy and shut down his haikai "workshop".
閉関.


Matsuo Basho and
. - suzumi 涼み - すゞみ to enjoy a cool breeze in summer - .


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雪と雪今宵師走の名月か　
yuki to yuki / koyoi shiwasu no / meigetsu ka


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. WKD : meigetsu 名月 "famous moon" harvest moon .


. KIGO used by Basho .


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Nenbutsu Amida Prayer

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- Nenbutsu 念仏 Amida Prayer -

nebutsu, nembutsu

. WKD : Namu Amida Butsu, the Amida Prayer .

南無阿弥陀仏 Namu Amida Butsu

Prayer Ceremonies for Amida
nenbutsu, nembutsu 念仏

Basho visited some ceremonies in honor of Amida Buddha and Buddha Shakyamuni and spent some time in temples dedicated to him.


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source :　suzaku62.blog.eonet.jp


苔埋む蔦のうつつの念仏哉　
koke uzumu tsuta no utsutsu no nebutsu kana

overgrown by moss
the tsuta vines mumble
the Amida prayer . . .

Written in 1684 貞亨元年.

Basho stands in front of the grave of the second son of Yoshitomo 義朝の次男, Tomonaga 朝長.
Nobody is there and the grave looks quite forlorn, yet somehow Basho feels Tomonaga saying the Amida prayer before he died.

- quote
Minamoto no Tomonaga (源朝長) (1144–1160) was a Minamoto clan samurai of the late Heian period. His father was Minamoto no Yoshitomo.
Tomonaga accompanied his father in fleeing Kyoto following their defeat in the Heiji Rebellion of 1159, and was wounded in a battle with sohei (warrior monks) of Yokokawa by an arrow.

When the pair arrived in Mino province, Yoshitomo asked his sons, Tomonaga and Yoshihira, to travel to the provinces of Kai and Shinano to levy troops. Yoshihira left, but Tomonaga stayed behind, his arrow wound having become infected and inflamed. Annoyed at the delay, Yoshitomo announced his intention to move on without Tomonaga, but his son asked that he be killed rather than to waste away slowly and painfully from the infection. Yoshitomo obliged his son, and buried him on the spot.



Tomonaga's grave was defiled some time later, by Taira no Munekiyo, who brought his head to Kyoto as a trophy.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



source :　hayabusa560
南無阿弥陀佛　Namu Amida Butsu

Nozarashi Kiko 野ざらし紀行
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


. WKD : tsuta 蔦 vines and creepers .

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source :　itoyo/basho

世に盛る花にも念仏申しけり　
yo ni sakaru hana ni mo nebutsu mooshikeri / mōshikeri

cherries in bloom
throughout the world: to them too
“hail Amida Buddha"
Tr. Barnhill

Written around 1684 - 94. 貞亨元年 - 元禄7年.

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Shakyamuni Buddha　お釈迦様 O-Shakasama


神垣やおもひもかけず涅槃像
kamigaki ya omoi mo kakezu Nehanzoo

涅槃会や皺手合する数珠の音
Nehan-e ya shiwade awasuru juzu no oto

Basho visiting
. Ise Jingu 伊勢神宮 Grand Shrine at Ise .


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. WKD : Namu Amida Butsu, the Amida Prayer .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .



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sode and kosode - sleeve

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- sode 袖 sleeve, kosode 小袖 short-sleeved kimono -
tamoto 袂 long sleeve of a kimono

spring kimono, haru kosode 春小袖
new year kimono, shoogatsu kosode 正月小袖
kashi kosode 貸小袖 lending a robe

. kigo with kimono Japanese robes .



source :　ameblo.jp/ee-kimono


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借りて寝ん案山子の袖や夜半の霜
karite nen kakashi no sode ya yowa no shimo
- - - - - 借りて寝む karite nemu

to sleep I want
to borrow the sleeve of a scarecrow -
frost at midnight

Written between 1688 貞亨元年 and his death, probably as a text on a painting.
Sleeping on the road, Basho was depending on the offers of his host family or lodging.

sode 袖 can also mean the whole robe of the scarecrow.


This is an allusion to a waka of the 古今集 Kokinshu collection .

きりぎりす鳴くや霜夜の狭筵に衣片敷き独りかも寝む
kirigirisu naku ya shimo-yo no samushiro ni
koromo kata-shiki hitori kamo nemu

When the crickets
cry in the frosty night,
on the cold reed-mat,
spreading out my robe just for one
must I sleep alone?
Tr. Joshua S. Mostow


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無き人の小袖も今や土用干
. naki hito no kosode mo ima ya doyoo boshi .
at the death of Mukai Chine 向井千子



猿引は猿の小袖を砧哉
. saruhiki wa saru no kosode o kinuta kana .
little coat for a trained monkey



袖よごすらん田螺の海士の隙を無み
. sode yogosuran tanishi no ama no hima o nami .
dirty sleeves of fishermen


語られぬ湯殿にぬらす袂かな
. katararenu Yudono ni nurasu tamoto kana .
my wet sleeve

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in memoriam of the father of Senka 仙化が父追善

袖の色よごれて寒し濃鼠　
sode no iro yogorete samushi koi nezumi

the color of his sleeve
dirty and so cold
in dark gray

Written between 1688 貞亨元年 and his death.

Senka was his disciple in Edo and author of the collection Kawazu Awase 蛙合 (1686).


koinezu color code #4f455c, actually a shade of dark purple
koinezu color code #4f455c, actually a shade of dark purple
koinezu color code #4f455c, actually a shade of dark purple
- source : www.colordic.org

. WKD : nezu-iro 鼠色 the color gray / grey and haiku .




Kawazu Awase 蛙合 (1686)

- - - Senka 仙化

Not much is known about this poet. Some of his hokku:

一葉散音かしましきばかり也　（『あら野』Arano ）

起起の心うごかすかきつばた　（『猿蓑』Sarumino ）

おぼろ月まだはなされぬ頭巾かな　（『炭俵』Sumidawara ）
氣相よき青葉の麥の嵐かな　
みをのやは首の骨こそ甲なれ　
螢みし雨の夕や水葵　
一枝はすげなき竹のわかば哉　

三尺の鯉はねる見ゆ春の池　（『續猿蓑』Zoku Sarumino ）


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. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .

紙子の袖 - kamiko no sode
. hanken no shayoo kamiko no sode no nishiki kana .

たもとして払ふ夏書の机哉
. tamoto shite harau ge-gaki no tsukue kana .

ゆきたけを聞で流人の袷哉 / 裄丈
. yukitake o kikade runin no awase kana .

夕雲雀鎧の袖をかざしかな
. yuuhibari yoroi no sode o kazashi kana .


秋の夕べ 袂して鏡拭く女
aki no yuube tamoto shite kagami fuku onna

autumn evening -
with the sleeve a woman
wipes her mirror



雛の燈にいぬきが袂かかるなり
雛の燈にいぬきが袂かかるなり
hina no hi ni inuki ga tamoto kakaru nari

Lamps of ‘hina’ dolls,
Inuki's sleeves
Screen.

"Inuki" is a young girl, called Inukimi(犬君), who serves Murasaki, one of the female leading characters in The Tale of Genji (in the Heian Period) (794-1192). In the Tale the girl is so full of curiosity that she sets free a caged bird and makes Murasaki feel so sad.
- source : Shoji Kumano


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. kigo with kimono Japanese robes .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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Oku Station 23 - Hiraizumi

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- Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - おくのほそ道
The Narrow Road to the Deep North -

. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .


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Kamisaka Sekka 神坂雪佳 (1866-1942)

- - - Station 23 - Hiraizumi 平泉　 - - -

It was here that the glory of three generations of the Fujiwara family passed away like a snatch of empty dream. The ruins of the main gate greeted my eyes a mile before I came upon Lord Hidehira's mansion, which had been utterly reduced to rice-paddies. Mount Kinkei alone retained its original shape. As I climbed one of the foothills called Takadate, where Lord Yoshitsune met his death, I saw the River Kitakami running through the plains of Nambu in its full force, and its tributary, Koromogawa, winding along the site of the Izumigashiro castle and pouring into the big river directly below my eyes.

The ruined house of Lord Yasuhira was located to the north of the barrier-gate of Koromogaseki, thus blocking the entrance from the Nambu area and forming a protection against barbarous intruders from the north. Indeed, many a feat of chivalrous valor was repeated here during the short span of the three generations, but both the actors and the deeds have long been dead and passed into oblivion. When a country is defeated, there remain only mountains and rivers, and on a ruined castle in spring only grasses thrive. I sat down on my hat and wept bitterly till I almost forgot time.

A thicket of summer grass
Is all that remains
Of the dreams and ambitions
Of ancient warriors.

I caught a glimpse
Of the frosty hair of Kanefusa
Wavering among
The white blossoms of unohana
- written by Sora

The interiors of the two sacred buildings of whose wonders I had often heard with astonishment were at last revealed to me. In the library of sutras were placed the statues of the three nobles who governed this area, and enshrined in the so called Gold Chapel were the coffins containing their bodies, and under the all-devouring grass, their treasures scattered, their jewelled doors broken and their gold pillars crushed, but thanks to the outer frame and a covering of tiles added for protection, they had survived to be a monument of at least a thousand years.

Even the long rain of May
Has left it untouched -
This Gold Chapel
Aglow in the sombre shade.


Tr. by Nobuyuki Yuasa
source : terebess.hu/english


三代の栄耀一睡の中にして、大門の跡は一里こなたに有。秀衡が跡は田野に成て、金鶏山のみ形を残す。先高館にのぼれば、北上川南部より流るゝ大河也。衣川は和泉が城をめぐりて高館の下にて、大河に落入。康衡等が旧跡は衣が関を隔て南部口をさし堅め、夷をふせぐとみえたり。偖も義臣すぐつて此城にこもり、功名一時の叢となる。国破れて山河あり。城春にして草青みたりと笠打敷て、時のうつるまで泪を落し侍りぬ。

夏草や兵どもが夢の跡 - natsukusa ya

卯の花に兼房みゆる白毛かな 曾良 - u no hana ni - Sora

兼て耳驚したる二堂開帳す。経堂は三将の像をのこし、光堂は三代の棺を納め、三尊の仏を安置す。七宝散うせて、珠の扉風にやぶれ、金の柱霜雪に朽て、既頽廃空虚の叢と成べきを、四面新に囲て、甍を覆て風雨を凌。暫時千歳の記念とはなれり。

五月雨の降のこしてや光堂 - samidare no furi nokoshite Hikari Doo


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夏草や兵どもが夢の跡
natsukusa ya tsuwamonodomo ga yume no ato

summer grass -
that's all that remains
of brave warriors' dreams
Tr. Gabi Greve

The "tsuwamono", Yoshitsune, his companion monk Benkei and the Fujiwara clan samurai
義経、弁慶、藤原


MORE - extensive discussion of this hokku
including many translated versions :
. WKD : Brave Warrior (tsuwamono) .


. 源の義経　Minamoto no Yoshitsune (1159 - 1189) .


natsukusa, in my part of Japan, would be the all-encroaching
"summer weeds".

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Summer grasses —
all that remains of soldiers
ancient dreams

Basho stood at Takadashi Castle, recollecting the tragic death of the old soldier Yoshitsune.
Combining this with lines from Tu Fu’s poem A Spring View, which he incorporated into the text of his journal:

The nation broken and defeated
But mountains and rivers remain
Springtime at the old castle, grass deep.

- Tr. and Comment : Bill Wyatt



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五月雨の降りのこしてや光堂
samidare no furi nokoshite Hikari Doo

unchanged by the rain
of many rainy seasons -
the Golden Hall
Tr. Gabi Greve

Hikari doo 光堂 "the Shining Hall"


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quote
Hiraizumi (平泉町, Hiraizumi-chō) is a town located in Nishiiwai District, Iwate, Japan.
It was the home of the Hiraizumi Fujiwaras for about 100 years in the late Heian era and most of the following Kamakura period. At the same time it served as the de facto capital of Oshu, an area containing nearly a third of the Japanese land area. At its height the population of Hiraizumi reached 50,000 or more than 100,000, rivaling Kyoto in size and splendor.

In about 1100, Fujiwara no Kiyohira moved his home from Fort Toyoda in present day Esashi Ward, Oshu City to Mount Kanzan in Hiraizumi.
Kiyohira built the large temple complex on Kanzan known as Chūson-ji 中尊寺 Chuson-Ji.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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- - - - - from the diary of Sora, written by Basho


蛍火の昼は消えつつ柱かな
hotarubi no hiru wa kie-tsutsu hashira kana

these pillars
getting paler like fireflies
during the daytime
Tr. Hideo Suzuki


like firefly light at noon
so too fades the luster
of these pillars!
Tr. Dennis Chibi


Written in the fourth lunar month, 元禄2年4月 at the Golden Hall in Hiraizumi.

Basho refers to the chippings of the gold foil at the pillars of the hall.
After enjoying the view in the samidare rain, he went inside and looked closely at the interior decoration in the mid-day gloom.


MORE - - hotaru 蛍 (ほたる) firefly, fireflies -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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source :　www.bashouan.com

Painting by Buson 蕪村筆「奥の細道画巻」


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source :　www.iwanichi.co.jp
from a local newspaper in July 2013 - 緑のキャンバスに俳聖くっきり 平泉
Basho and Sora as "field art" 田んぼアート , rice art 「ライス・アート」


. WKD : Rice Field Art 田んぼアート　 tanbo aato .


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BACK TO
. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .


. WKD : Hiraizumi Fujiwara Festival 平泉藤原祭 .


[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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utabukuro - song-pouch

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- utabukuro, uta fukuro 歌袋 song-pouch, bag to keep poetry -
pouch of poetry

quote
shiragumo wa ikuyo no hana no utabukuro

white clouds
song-pouches for ages
of blossoms

Onitsura 1600-1738

Gill's commentary:
"The 'song-pouch' was a container usually tied up to the main pillar of a poet's house into which scraps of paper with drafts of songs/poems were dropped.
It also is the balloon-like throat of the frog, a proto-poet according to the preface to Japan's second oldest major poetry collection, the Kokinshu (905).
Onitsura may be chuckling: How many generations of cherry blossom poetry have been served by this cloud conceit?"

Cherry Blossom Epiphany - Robin Gill
source : simplyhaiku.com

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utabukuro are made of strong Japanese paper (danshi 檀紙), or cotton or other material.
They are closed with a decorative know of a mizuhiki-type 水引

quote
danshi　檀紙
Japanese paper *washi 和紙 originally made from mayumi 檀 fibers (the spindle tree, euonymus sieboldianus) but now made from the fibers of the mulberry tree kouzo 楮 (see *choshi 楮紙), or a mixture of the two fibers.
Often called michinokugami 陸奥紙 because it was produced in Michinoku area (part of modern day Touhoku 東北) during the Heian period. White or light brown, the early version of the paper was smooth but later danshi is noted for its slightly wrinkled texture.

Danshi is divided into the three types:

large, ootaka danshi 大高檀紙;
medium, chuutaka danshi 中高檀紙; or
small, kotaka danshi 小高檀紙.

These categories can refer to the size of the paper or the size of the creases in its surface. Danshi was highly valued by courtiers and samurai. It was used for personal letters, documents, and poetry writing. It was often folded and carried in one's bag or pocket as kaishi 懐紙 (also read futokorogami), as tissue paper, for partitioning cakes, and for wiping tea bowls during the tea ceremony.

Danshi was also used for formal letters, business correspondence, diplomas and so on. It is still produced and used today.
source : JAANUS



. WKD : Mizuhiki 水引 ceremonial paper strings .


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The throat of a frog is also called meinoo 鳴嚢 - vocal sac vocal pouch.

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source :　www.tokiwashobo.com/mokuroku1

Utabukuro, a poetry collection of six volumes of the later Edo period (1793).
Compiled by Fujitani Mitsue 富士谷御杖.


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花にあかぬ嘆きやこちの歌袋
hana ni akanu nageki ya kochi no utabukuro

among blossoms:
grieving that I can't even open
my poem bag
Tr. Barnhill

Written in 寛文7年, Basho age 24.



blossom problems
indeed! my sack of song
just won's open up
Tr. Robin D. Gill
Cherry Blossom Epiphany:
source : books.google.co.jp



This hokku has the segments 6 7 5 and the cut marker YA in the middle of line 2.

trying a literal translation:

under the cherry blossoms it does not open
and I lament - oh my
poetry pouch
Tr. Gabi Greve


It is a parody / reference to a waka in the Ise Monogatari by
Ariwara no Narihira 在原業平 (825 - 880)

花に飽かぬ嘆きはいつもせしかども
けふの今宵に似る時はなし

hana ni akanu nageki wa itsumo seshikadomo
kyoo no koyoi ni niru toki wa nashi

Blossoms without end
Ever were a grief
Indeed, yet,
This day’s night
Is like none other.
Tr. Thomas McAuley



Narihira writes "hana ni akanu" 花に飽かぬ, and Basho uses the double pun with
akanu　あかぬ　－ akanai 明かない - 開かない does not become light, can not be opened.


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. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
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Emotions expressed directly

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- emotions expressed directly - Emotionen -

Basho sometimes expressed his emotions quite directly, as did other haikai poets.

The main introduction is here :
. WKD : Emotions in Kigo and Haiku .

- - - - - including the following by Basho :

anzuru　あんずる my humble view
愚案ずるに冥土もかくや秋の暮
gu anzuru ni meido mo kaku ya aki no kure

monohoshi desirable, I would like to have
. monohoshi ya fukuro no uchi no tsuki to hana .

obotsukanai おぼつかない to worry
蛍見や船頭酔うておぼつかな - - - . hotarumi ya sendoo yoote obotsukana .
we worry about the drunken boatman

urayamashi 羨まし to envy something
urayamashi ukiyo no kita no yama-zakura .


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. aware 哀れ　-　憐れ pathos, pity .


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- - - - - abunai　あぶない/ abunaki koto あぶなきこと getting dangerous - - - - -

茸狩やあぶなきことに夕時雨
. takegari ya abunaki koto ni yuu shigure .


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- - - - - akiru, akite 飽きて / 倦て I am bored - - - - -

京に飽きてこの木枯や冬住ひ
. Kyoo ni akite kono kogarashi ya fuyuzumai .


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- - - - - arigataya, arigataki 有難や / 有難き to be grateful, I am grateful - - - - -

有難や雪をかほらす南谷 - South Valley at Mount Hagurosan
. arigataya yuki o kaorasu Minamidani .
arigataya yuki o kaorasu kaze no oto

有難き姿拝まんかきつばた
. arigataki sugata ogaman kakitsubata .


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- - - - - bushoo 不精 lazy, laziness, indolent - - - - -

不精さや掻き起されし春の雨
. bushoosa ya kaki-okosareshi haru no ame .


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- - - - - fujiyuu 不自由 how inconvenient!, how awkward! - - - - -

此筋は銀も見しらず不自由さよ
. kono suji wa gin mo mishirazu fujiyuusa yo .


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- - - - - haji 恥 shame, disgrace

白菊よ白菊よ恥長髪よ長髪よ
. shira-giku yo shira-giku yo haji naga kami yo naga kami yo . 　　


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- - - - - heta 下手 to be unscillfull, paint poorly - - - - -

朝顔は下手の書くさへあはれなり
. asagao wa heta no kaku sae aware nari .


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- - - - - hisoka ni 竊に　。　ひそかに　secretly - - - - -

夜ル竊ニ虫は月下の栗を穿ツ
. yoru hisokani mushi wa gekka no kuri o ugatsu .
in the moonlight, a worm


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- - - - - isogawashi, isogashii 忙はし busily - - - - -

ほととぎす鳴く鳴く飛ぶぞ忙はし
. hototogisu / naku naku tobu zo / isogawashi .

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- - - - - ikameshiki, ikameshii 厳めしい solemn, stern, dignified, harsh - - - - -

いかめしき音や霰の檜木笠
. ikameshiki oto ya arare no hinoki-gasa .


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- - - - - kamawanai, kamawanu かまはぬ I do not care, to feel indifferent to - - - - -

樫の木の花にかまはぬ姿かな
. kashi no ki no hana ni kamawanu sugata kana .


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- - - - - kanashii, kanashiki 悲しい, 悲しき sad, miserable sorrowful - - - - -

秋風に折れて悲しき桑の杖
. akikaze ni orete kanashiki kuwa no tsue .

ぴいと啼く尻声悲し夜の鹿
. pii to naku shirigoe kanashi yoru no shika .
the lingering sound of a deer (also rendered as beee or heee). - びいと啼く尻聲悲し夜乃鹿

おもしろうてやがて悲しき鵜舟哉
. omoshiroote yagate kanashiki ubune kana .

義仲の寝覚めの山か月悲し
. Yoshinaka no nezame no yama ka tsuki kanashi .

雪悲しいつ大仏の瓦葺き
. yuki kanashi itsu Daibutsu no kawarabuki .


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- - - - - karushi 軽し, karoshi. light, lightness - - - - -

ものひとつ我が世は軽き瓢哉　 - ものひとつ瓢はかろき我よかな　
. mono hitotsu hisago wa karuki waga yo kana .


木の葉散る桜は軽し檜木笠
. konoha chiru sakura wa karushi hinokigasa .


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- - - - - kidoku, kitoku 奇特 laudable, praiseworthy - - - - -

桜狩奇特や日々に五里六里
. sakuragari kidoku ya hibi ni go ri roku ri .


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- - - - - kigen 　きげん　 I feel good, I feel great - - - - -

せつかれて年忘するきげんかな
. setsukarete toshi wasure suru kigen kana.


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- - - - - kioshi 清し to be clear, pure - - - - -

磨なをす鏡も清し 雪の花
. togi-naosu kagami mo kiyoshi yuki no hana .


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- - - - - koishi 恋し to long for - - - - -

父母のしきりに戀し雉子の声 / 父母のしきりに恋し雉の声
. chichi haha no shikiri ni koishi kiji no koe .

梅恋ひて卯の花拝む涙哉
. ume koite u no hana ogamu namida kana .

古き名の角鹿や恋し秋の月
. furuki na no Tsunuga ya koishi aki no tsuki .

元日は田毎の日こそ恋しけれ
. ganjitsu wa tagoto no hi koso koishikere .

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- - - - - kutabirete くたびれて. 草臥れてI am getting tired - - - - -

草臥れて宿借るころや藤の花　
. kutabirete yado karu koro ya fuji no hana .


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- - - - - magirawashi まぎらわしい/ 紛らわしい confusing / hardly distiguishable - - - - -

烏賊売の声まぎらはし杜宇
. ika uri no koe magirawashi hototogisu .


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- - - - - medetashi めでたし laudable, to be celebrated - 目出度き medetaki - - - - -

稲こきの姥もめでたし菊の花　
. ine koki no uba mo medetashi kiku no hana .

めでたき人の数にも入らむ老の暮
目出度き人の数にも入らん老の暮 / めでたき人のかずにも入らむ老のくれ
. medetaki hito no kazu ni mo iran oi no kure .


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- - - - - mezurashii めずらし / 珍しい how extraordinary ! Surprizingly new! - - - - -

めずらしや山をで羽の初茄子
. mezurashi ya yama o Dewa no hatsu nasubi .


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- - - - - mono kaha, monokawa ものかは who cares - - - - -

二日酔ひものかは花のあるあひだ
. futsukayoi mono kawa hana no aru aida .


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- - - - - modokashii もどかしい　to be impatient, irritated - - - - -

時雨をやもどかしがりて松の雪　
. shigure o ya modokashigarite matsu no yuki .


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- - - - - monofukashi, mono fukashi ものふかし / 物深し a quiet depth - - - - -

暖簾の奥ものふかし北の梅
. nooren no oku monofukashi kita no ume .


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- - - - - moroi, もろい【脆い】 moroki hito もろき人 a fragile, delicate person - - - - -

もろき人にたとへん花も夏野哉　
. moroki hito ni tatoen hana mo natsu no kana .


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- - - - - muzan むざん pitiful, Alas! how tragic, how piteous! cruel, heartrendering - - - - -

むざんやな　甲の下の　きりぎりす
. muzan ya na kabuto no shita no kirigirisu .


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- - - - - muzukashii むつかし difficult - - - - -

女夫鹿や毛に毛が揃うて毛むつかし
. meoto jika ya ke ni ke ga soroute ke muzukashi .


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- - - - - nageku, nageki 嘆き grieving, lamenting - - - - -

花にあかぬ嘆きやこちの歌袋
. hana ni akanu nageki ya kochi no utabukuro .


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- - - - - namagusai なまぐさし it smells raw - - - - -

なまぐさし小菜葱が上の鮠の腸
. namagusashi konagi ga ue no hae no wata .

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- - - - - nanto, nan to, nani tomo 何と what to make of this ? - - - - -

あら何ともなや昨日は過ぎて河豚汁
. ara nani tomo ya kinoo wa sugite fukutojiru .

笠もなきわれを時雨るるかこは何と
. kasa mo naki ware o shigururu ka ko wa nanto .


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- - - - - natsukashii, natsukashiki 懐かしい, なつかしき　 remembering something fondly - - - - -

口切に堺の庭ぞなつかしき　
. kuchikiri ni Sakai no niwa zo natsukashiki .


京にても京なつかしやほととぎす
. Kyoo ni te mo Kyoo natsukashi ya hototogisu .


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- - - - - niawashi, niau 似合はし to suit, to fit - - - - -

似合はしや豆の粉飯に桜狩り
. niawashi ya mame no ko meshi ni sakura-gari .


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. - - - - - nikumu 憎む to hate, to despise - - - - - .

- - - - - ばせを植ゑてまづ憎む荻の二葉哉
bashoo uete mazu nikumi ogi no futaba kana / bashō

- - - - - ひごろ憎き烏も雪の朝哉　
. higoro nikuki karasu mo yuki no ashita kana .


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- - - - - nosabari kerashi のさばりけらし - - - - -

月雪とのさばりけらし年の暮
. tsuki yuki to nosabari kerashi toshi no kure .


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- - - - - odoroku おどろく　/　驚く to be surprized - - - - -

ちるはなや鳥も驚く琴の塵
. chiru hana ya tori mo odoroku koto no chiri .


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- - - - - ogamu 拝む to worship, pray - - - - -

有難き姿拝まんかきつばた
. arigataki sugata ogaman kakitsubata (KAKI tsubata) .

皆拝め二見の七五三を年の暮
. mina ogame Futami no shime o toshi no kure .
- - - - - and - do not doubt this utagau na うたがふな
うたがふな潮の花も浦の春
utagau na ushio no hana mo ura no haru

夏山に足駄を拝む首途哉
. natsuyama ni ashida o ogamau kadode kana .

梅恋ひて卯の花拝む涙哉
. ume koite u no hana ogamu namida kana .

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- - - - - okashi をかし　 to feel at east, light-hearted - - - - -
as opposed to "mono no aware"
明るい知性的な美
source : wkp.fresheye.com
ーーーーー okashiki をかしき　 to feel at east


なかなかに心をかしき臘月哉
. naka naka ni kokoro okashiki shiwasu kana .

濡れて行くや人もをかしき雨の萩
. nurete yuku ya hito mo okashiki ame no hagi .


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- - - - - omoitatsu 思ひ立つ I am resolved to do something - - - - -

思ひ立つ木曽や四月の桜狩り
. omoitatsu Kiso ya shigatsu no sakuragari .


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- - - - - omoshiroi 面白い　 how interesting/ funny - - - - -

霧時雨富士を見ぬ日ぞ面白き
. kiri-shigure Fuji o minu hi zo omoshiroki .

. omoshiroki aki no asane ya teishuburi .
(autumn) light sleep, my host

. omoshiroote yagate kanashiki ubune kana.

. omoshiro ya kotoshi no haru mo tabi no sora.


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- - - - - oshimu　惜しむ　 to miss, to deplore
to hold something dear, place great value on something
- - - - - . WKD : to lament the passing of a season .

行く春を近江の人と惜しみける
. yuku haru o Oomi no hito to oshimikeru .

湖や暑さを惜しむ雲の峰
. mizu-umi ya atsusa o oshimu kumo no mine .


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- - - - - otoroi 衰ひ getting older, my strength is declining - - - - -

衰ひや歯に喰ひ当てし海苔の砂
. otoroi ya ha ni kuiateshi nori no suna.


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- - - - - rei iu 礼いふ to say thank you, feel gratitude - - - - -

このほどを花に礼いふ別れ哉
. kono hodo o hana ni rei iu wakare kana .


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- - - - - sabi さび to be somber - - - - -

月さびよ明智が妻の咄せむ
. tsuki sabiyo Akechi ga tsuma no hanashi sen .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - . - sabishisa　さびしさ - 寂しさ loneliness -
sabishii 寂しい　to feel lonely, I feel lonely . - - - - -

and
- - - - - shizukasa 閑さ - shizuka 静か - - - - -
stillness, quietude, silence

..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - saiwai 幸ひ luckily - - - - -

初雪や幸ひ庵にまかりある　
. hatsu yuki ya saiwai an ni makariaru .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - sakasama さかさま things are upside down - - - - -

萎れ伏すや世はさかさまの雪の竹
. shiore fusu ya yo wa sakasama no yuki no take .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - samushi, samui 寒い　さむし / 寒し I feel cold - - - - -

貧山の釜霜に鳴く声寒し
. hinzan no kama shimo ni naku koe samushi .

物言えば唇寒し秋の風
. mono ieba kuchibiru samushi aki no kaze .

寒けれど二人寝る夜ぞ頼もしき
. samukeredo futari neru yoru zo tanomoshiki .

被き伏す蒲団や寒き夜やすごき
. kazuki fusu futon ya samuki yo ya sugoki .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - sareba koso されば well, in that case, well indeed - - - - -


さればこそ荒れたきままの霜の宿
. sareba koso aretaki mama no shimo no yado .


..........................................................................................................................................................


- - - - - shiorashii しおらしい　/ 悄らしい modest, meek / shihorashiki しほらしき how appealing - - - - -

しほらしき名や小松吹萩すゝき
. shiorashiki na ya komatsu fuku hagi susuki .


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- - - - - sono mama, sonomama そのまま just as things are, just as it is - - - - -

蓮池や折らでそのまま玉祭
. hasu-ike ya orade sonomama tamamatsuri .

柴の戸の月やそのまま阿弥陀坊
. shiba no to no tsuki ya sono mama Amida boo .

そのままよ月もたのまじ伊吹山
. sono mama yo tsuki mo tanomaji Ibuki-yama .


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- - - - - susabi すさび just for the fun of it - - - - -

竹の子や稚き時の絵のすさび
. ukifushi ya take no ko to naru hito no hate .


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- - - - - sugoki, sugoshi, sugoi すごき、凄し, 凄い dreadful, terrible, desolate - - - - -
extreme

秋の風伊勢の墓原なほ凄し
. aki no kaze Ise no hakahara nao sugoshi .

被き伏す蒲団や寒き夜やすごき
. kazuki fusu futon ya samuki yo ya sugoki .


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- - - - - susamajiki 冷じき dreadful - - - - -
susamajii 凄まじい terrible, horrible, dreadful, overwhelming
weird, ghastly, gruesome, grim, fierce (osoroshi)
violent, tremendous, awful, amazing, absurd, intense

卯の花も母なき宿ぞ冷じき
. u no hana mo haha naki yado zo susamajiki .


osoroshi 恐ろしい dreadful, terrible

蛇食ふと　聞けばおそろし　雉子の声
. hebi kuu to kikeba osoroshi kiji no koe .
the dreadful voice of a pheasant


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- - - - - suzushii 涼し coolness, I feel cool - - - - -

- - - - - . - suzumi 涼み / すゞみ to enjoy a cool breeze in summer - . - - - - -

- - - - - . - suzushisa 涼しさ coolness - . - - - - -


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- - - - - tanomoshiki, tanomoshii 頼もしき reliable, quite a pleasure - - - - -

寒けれど二人寝る夜ぞ頼もしき
. samukeredo futari neru yoru zo tanomoshiki .

そのままよ月もたのまじ伊吹山
. sono mama yo tsuki mo tanomaji Ibuki-yama .


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- - - - - tanomu 頼む to ask a person to do something,
to depend on, to count on - - - - -

まづ頼む椎の木もあり夏木立
. mazu tanomu shii no ki mo ari natsu kodachi .


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- - - - - tanoshisa 楽しさ how enjoyable - - - - -

楽しさや青田に涼む水の音
. tanoshisa ya aota ni suzumu mizu no oto .

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- - - - - toboshi　乏しい,　とぼし　to be scarce - - - - -
mazushi 貧しい、まずし to want

粟稗にとぼしくもあらず草の庵　 - - 粟稗にまづしくもなし草の庵
. awa hie ni toboshiku mo arazu kusa no io .


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. - tootoi とうとい尊い / 貴い holy, noble respectful - .
tootosa　とうとさ　

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- - - - - ukifushi 憂き節 wretched, how sad - - - - -

憂き節や竹の子となる人の果
. ukifushi ya take no ko to naru hito no hate .
(for Lady Kogo no Tsubone)

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- - - - - utsukushiki, utsukushii 美しい、うつくしき beautiful - - - - -

. tsukimi suru za ni utsukushiki kao mo nashi .
. . . . meigetsu ya umi ni mukaeba nana Komachi

美しきその姫瓜や后ざね
. utsukushiki sono hime uri ya kisaki zane .


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- - - - - wabi, wabite 侘び、わびて desolate, alone - - - - -

暮れ暮れて餅を木魂の侘寝哉
. kure kurete mochi o kodama no wabine kana / kurekurete .

侘びてすめ月侘斎が奈良茶歌
. wabite sume tsuki wabisai ga Naracha uta .
and the importance of haikai


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- - - - - yasuyasu to, yasu yasu to 安々と easily - - - - -

安々と出でていざよふ月の雲
. yasuyasu to idete izayou tsuki no kumo .


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- - - - - yoku mireba よくみれば looking carefully, looking closely - - - - -

よく見れば薺花咲く垣根かな　
. yoku mireba nazuna hana saku kakine kana .


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- - - - - yukashi, yukai ゆかし, 愉快 how enjoyable, lovely - - - - -

御子良子の一本ゆかし梅の花　
. okorago no hitomoto yukashi ume no hana .


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source : FB

稲妻にさとらぬ人の貴さよ 　
inazuma ni satoranu hito no tootosa yo

How admirable!
to see lightning and not think
life is fleeting.　


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quote
Songs in the Garden: Poetry and Gardens in Ancient Japan
Marc Peter Keane - review by LEANNE OGASAWARA

Way back in 1998, Steven Heine wrote an article about emotions in Japanese religion and literature. The basic premise went something like this:
While in general Buddhism seeks to restrain human emotion as being an impediment to enlightenment, Japanese forms of Buddhism are different in that they have instead traditionally sought to refine or transform the emotions into something edifying.

This perhaps unique way in which emotions are handled in Japanese Buddhism has had a significant impact on certain Japanese cultural practices including literature, and this “transformation” or refining of the emotions has traditionally taken place within the context of an appreciation of nature and the turning of the four seasons.
snip
Songs in the Garden begins with the unforgettable scene from the Tale of Genji when the Shining Prince is sitting beside his love Lady Murasaki who is ill and not long for this world. It is a heart-wrenching scene. The two are overcome with sadness that they will soon part (she will die; he will have to go on living without her).
Gazing out at the garden, Murasaki responds to the tears in her lover’s eyes with a poem:

Could it be
I will disappear, having lasted
not much longer
Then the pearls of dew
that barely cling to the lotus leaves

Genji replies:

Let us promise
that not just in this life
our hearts will be as one
As close as jeweled drops of dew
beaded on a lotus leaf

In this way, their individual sadness (and attachment) is refined into something more uplifting, something that is not only shared between the two of them, but that is aesthetically meaningful to the aristocratic elite of Heian culture.
source : kyotojournal.org/reviews



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. Basho shedding tears .
- tears 涙 namida - to cry 泣くnaku -



. WKD : Emotions in Kigo and Haiku .


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