WKD - Matsuo Basho Archives

06/06/2012

Nakayama, Sayo no Nakayama

The classic ukiyoe print by Ando Hiroshige (Hoeido edition) from 1831-1834 depicts travellers on a steep road in forbidding dark mountains contemplating a large boulder in the road.
The stone was a noted landmark on Tōkaidō called
the "Night weeping stone" 夜泣き石 yonaki ishi.
According to legend, the bandits attacked and murdered a pregnant woman on this spot. After she died, a passing priest heard the stone call out for him to rescue the surviving infant.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

.............................................................................

Saigyo wrote:

年たけてまた越ゆべしと思ひきや
いのちなりけり小夜の中山

toshi takete mata koyubeshi to omoiki ya
inochi narikeri Sayo no Nakayama

Weary of years,
Yet I find myself
Climbing once again
The Pass of the Crying Stone -
How wonderful life is!
Tr. Tito

Basho wrote:

命なりわづかの笠の下涼み
. inochi nari wazuka no kasa no shita suzumi .
Oh Life!
in memory of Saigyo

. - inochi 命 life, to be alive - .
this is the keyword for Saigyo.

. Basho and Saigyo　芭蕉 - 西行 .

under construction
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

忘れずば佐夜の中山にて涼め
wasurezuba Sayo no Nakayama nite suzume

Don't forget
at Sayo no Nakayama
it will get cooler!

Written in 1684 貞亨元年.
His friend and disciple, Matsuyaya Fuubaku 松葉屋風爆; Fubaku left Edo to go back to Ise.
This is a "good bye" poem 餞別句.
"And don't forget to write a poem when it gets cooler at Sayo no Nakayama!"

. Matsubaya Fuubaku 松葉屋風瀑 Fubaku and Ise .

MORE about coolness
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

又越む佐夜の中山はつ松魚　　
. mata koemu Sayo no Nakayama hatsugatsuo .
cross it again to eat first katsuo skipjack

. Nozarashi Kiko　野ざらし紀行 .

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

中山や越路も月はまた命
Nakayama ya Koshi ji mo tsuki wa mata inochi

Oh Nakayama !
on the road of Koshi the moon
is life too

Written on the 14th day of the 8th lunar month 1689. (Now September 27)
Basho wrote this when he reached Tsuruga on his trip in Oku no Hosomichi, on the full moon night of autumn.
He remembers Saigyo and his poem, because the moon that night on the pass had been so overwhelming.

The "middle of the mountains" Nakayama, in Koshi was a pass called
Kinome tooge 木目峠 / 木ノ芽峠 Kinome Toge.
After climbing this pass, Basho reached Tsuruga Town.
The pass is 700 meters high. At the top three is still now a gate house from the Edo period, when the pass was the border between Echizen and Wakasa.

Koshiji, Koshi-Ji 越路, the Road to Koshi, an old name to the road toward Hokuriku 北陸道.

This pass had been crossed by many famous people since the Heian period., for example
西行 Saigyo, Taira no Koremori 平惟盛、Kiso Yoshinaka 木曽義仲、Shinran, 親鸞、Dogen 道元, Nitta Yoshisada 新田義貞, monk Rennyo 蓮如, the Asakura clan 朝倉一族, Oda Nobunaga 織田信長, Toyotomi Hideyoshi 豊臣秀吉 and many more.

It is a famous place to our day, with guided tours during the holiday season.

Oku no Hosomichi　奥の細道 - - - Station 41 - Tsuruga 敦賀 - - -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

source : facebook

Hisaka manhole cover　日阪 Nissaka

..............................................................................................................................................

. Gengoroogitsune 源五郎狐 The Fox Gengoro .
was killed at this pass.

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. 東海道五十三次 53 stations of the Tokaido Road .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

sabishisa - loneliness

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

- sabishisa　さびしさ - 寂しさ loneliness -
sabishii 寂しい　to feel lonely, I feel lonely

淋しさや釘に掛けたるきりぎりす
sabishisa ya kugi ni kaketaru kirigirisu

quote
“Sabishisa,” a word derived from the adjective “sabishi,” conventionally implies loneliness in Japanese literature. Bashô, however, often uses the word in close relationship with “shizuka.” The following poem, which contains the word “shizukasa,” also has a different draft that uses the kanji normally used to transliterate “sabishisa.”

How quiet it is!
On the wall where the painting hangs —
a cricket.

shizukasa ya/e kakaru kabe no/kirigirisu

How solitary it is!
Hanging on a nail —
a cricket.

sabishisa ya/kugi ni kaketaru/kirigirisu

“Cricket” (kirigirisu) is a seasonal word of autumn. It typically is associated with loneliness and autumn melancholy in classical Japanese poetry. The hon’i or poetic essence of kirigirisu, according to classical tradition, lies in the faint sound of its singing.

Bashô’s verses, however, focus on neither the song of the cricket nor the melancholy atmosphere evoked by it. According to Kukû, one of Bashô’s disciples for whom these poems were written, he was with Bashô at a small cottage when the first poem was composed. The master woke him up one night to listen to the feeble chirps of a cricket. Later, when Kukû asked for a poem on his painting of Kenkô, Bashô wrote the poems.

If this story is true, the cricket did sing that night. The silence of the cricket in Bashô’s poem, therefore, is not a depiction of the real occurrence but an intentional fabrication. Instead of following the conventional hon’i, Bashô cast the little creature against a background of eternal, profound silence, creating a suggestive scene of the seclusion included in tranquility.

In discussing the two pairs of Bashô’s poems that use “shizukasa” and “sabishisa,” Makoto Ueda observes: “Certainly it is more than a coincidence that the word ‘quietness’ is used in place of ‘loneliness’ in both poems.
source : Basho-and-the-Dao - Peipei-Qiu

. Emotions expressed directly by Matsuo Basho .

. WKD : Emotions in Kigo and Haiku .

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

元日や思えばさびし秋の暮
. ganjitsu ya omoeba sabishi aki no kure .
I remember a lonely autumn evening.

日は花に暮れてさびしやあすならう
. hi wa hana ni kurete sabishi ya asunarō . - or - sabishisa ya hana no atari no asunaroo
アスナロ / 翌檜 Asunaro Hinoki

こちら向け我もさびしき秋の暮
. kochira muke ware mo sabishiki aki no kure .
for his calligraphy teacher, Kitamuki Unchiku 北向雲竹 in Kyoto

見送りのうしろや寂し秋の風
. miokuri no ushiro ya sabishi aki no kaze .
I see you off . . . for Okada Yasui 岡田野水 from Nagoya

....................................................................................................................................................

さびしさを問てくれぬか桐一葉
. sabishisa o toote kurenu ka kiri hitoha .
(autumn) one paulownia leaf. loneliness. come to me (to his friend Ransetsu)

さびしさや花のあたりのあすなろう
. sabishisa ya hana no atari no asunaro .
日は花に暮れてさびしやあすならう - hi wa hana ni kurete sabishi ya asunarō (above)

さびしさや岩にしみこむ蝉の声
. sabishisa ya iwa ni shimikomu semi no koe .
at temple 立石寺 Risshaku-Ji, Yamadera　山寺
閑さや岩にしみ入蝉の声 - shizukasa ya iwa ni shimi-iru semi no koe

淋しさや釘に掛けたるきりぎりす
. sabishisa ya kugi ni kaketaru kirigirisu .
- or shizukasa ya e kakaru kabe no kirigirisu
(autumn) cricket. hanging on a nail. how lonely.

寂しさや須磨に勝ちたる浜の秋
. sabishisa ya Suma ni kachitaru hama no aki .
(autumn) at the beach of Suma　

....................................................................................................................................................

憂きわれを寂しがらせよ秋の寺
. uki ware o sabishigarase yo aki no tera .

憂き我をさびしがらせよ閑古鳥
uki ware o sabishigarase yo kankoodori

this sorrowful me
you make even more lonely -
you cuckoo

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

Once in a while
I just let time wear on
leaning against a
solitary pine
standing speechless,
as does the whole universe!
Ah, who can share
this solitude with me?

. Ryokan 良寛 (1758-1831) the Great Fool Taigu 大愚.

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

- - - - - shizukesa, shizukasa 閑さ - shizuka 静か silence, quietude - - - - -

quote
By carefully choosing a kanji whose connotations are celebrated in the Daoist texts to transliterate the word “shizukasa,” Bashô expresses simultaneously the tranquility of the external world and the carefree serenity of the speaker’s mind, presenting not only a picture of the landscape but also an aesthetic evaluation of it, one informed by Daoist discourse. This aesthetic landscape embodies the beholder’s attitude toward the world, and it is in this landscape that the poetic self merges into zôka. It is worth noting that, besides the two drafts cited above, the cicada poem has another version that opens with a different word, “sabishisa” rather than “shizukasa.”
“Sabishisa,” a word derived from the adjective “sabishi,” conventionally implies loneliness in Japanese literature. Bashô, however, often uses the word in close relationship with “shizuka.”
MORE :
source : Basho-and-the-Dao - Peipei-Qiu

閑さや岩にしみ入蝉の声
. shizukasa ya iwa ni shimi-iru semi no koe .

朝茶飲む僧静かなり菊の花
. asacha nomu soo shizuka nari kiku no hana .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. morning tea. quietude

淋しさや釘に掛けたるきりぎりす
. sabishisa ya kugi ni kaketaru kirigirisu .
- or shizukasa ya e kakaru kabe no kirigirisu

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

. WKD : Emotions in Kigo and Haiku .

. Emotions expressed directly by Matsuo Basho .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

sake ricewine and cup

source :　ameblo.jp/bbcgreen35

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

朝顔は酒盛知らぬ盛り哉
asagao wa sakamori shiranu sakari kana

a morning glory
knowing nothing of the carousal
in the peak of bloom
Tr. Ueda

Read more of Ueda's comments:
source : books.google.co.jp

morning glories
oblivious to all the drinking
are in full bloom
Tr. Barnhill

On the 11th day of the 8th lunar month, 1688 貞亨5年8月11日
On his way to Sarashina, there was rather noisy a fare-well party for him as he was leaving Gifu to be on his way.
This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.
From the Japanese it is not clear weather this is singular or plural.

MORE - hokku about the Morning Glory
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

花にうき世我が酒白く飯黒し
. hana ni ukiyo waga sake shiroku meshi kuroshi .
my sake white, my cooked rice black

寒菊や醴造る窓の前
. kangiku ya amazake tsukuru mado no saki .
sweet white ricewine

草の戸や日暮れてくれし菊の酒
. kusa no to ya higurete kureshi kiku no sake .
chrysanthemum sake

椹や花なき蝶の世捨酒
. kuwa no mi ya hana naki choo no yosute-zake .
hermit wine for the butterflies

呑明て花生となる二升樽
. nomi akete hana-ike ni sen nishoodaru .
the sake bottle becomes a flower vase

御命講や油のやうな酒五升
. Omeikoo ya abura no yoo na sake go masu .
offering for Saint Nichiren

扇にて酒くむ陰や散る桜
. oogi nite sake kumu kage ya chiru sakura .
I pretend to drink sake from my hand fan (ōgi)

..........................................................................................................................................................

酒のほそみち / 酒のほそ道

This is the title of a long-running weekly manga series by
Razuweru Hosoki ラズウェル細木 Rozwell Hosoki

. Sake no Hosomichi .

..........................................................................................................................................................

酒飲めばいとど寝られぬ夜の雪
sake nomeba itodo nerarenu yoru no yuki

drinking sake
and now it's harder to sleep:
night of snow
Tr. Barnhill

drinking sake
makes it harder to sleep . . .
snow at night
Tr. Ueda

"Something of the loneliness that is universal to men - or should I say the wavering of a reclusel's mind? - is hidden in this poem. - Mizuho
- Read Ueda's comment -

Written in 貞亨3年冬, Basho age 43.
Basho is alone at home in Fukugawa.

..........................................................................................................................................................

酒飲みに語らんかかる滝の花　
. sakenomi ni kataran kakaru taki no hana .
drinking at a waterfall,
in memory of the Chinese poet Li Po, Li Bo, Li Bai 李白

..........................................................................................................................................................

初春まづ酒に梅売る匂ひかな
. shoshun mazu sake ni ume uru nioi kana .
celebrating the New Year with sake and plum blossoms

..........................................................................................................................................................

蒼海の浪酒臭し今日の月
. sookai no nami sake kusashi kyoo no tsuki .
blue sea and fragrance of sake

..........................................................................................................................................................

月花もなくて酒のむ独りかな
tsuki hana mo nakute sake nomu hitori kana

no moon, no cherry blossoms
so he drinks sake
all alone . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in spring of 1689,元禄2年春
This was written as a text for a painting, which most probably did not show moon and cherry blossoms.
Cherry blossoms and the moon are the two most important kigo for spring and autumn.
This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.

no moon, no blossoms,
just drinking sake
all alone
Tr. Barnhill

.........................................................................................................................................................

source :　itoyo/basho

雪や砂馬より落ちよ酒の酔
yuki ya suna uma yori ochiyo sake no yoi

may it be snow and sand
you fall into from your horse:
drunk on sake
Tr. Barnhill

Written in 貞亨4年, Basho age 44, Oi no Kobumi.

His companion Etsujin 越人 had drunk too much and had fallen asleep on the horse.

. Ochi Etsujin 越智越人 .

..........................................................................................................................................................

雪を待つ上戸の顔や稲光
yuki o matsu joogo no kao ya inabikari

the faces of us sake drinkers
as we wait for the snow -
flash of lightning
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in 1691, tenth lunar month 元禄4年10月
(now November)
They were having a party at the home of Koogetsu 耕月 Kogetsu with the discipled from Mikawa.
Suganuma Koogetsu 菅沼耕月, Suganuma Gon-emon 菅沼権右衛門
. - Suganuma Gon-emon 菅沼権右衛門 - Koogetsu 菅沼耕月 Kogetsu - .

I think the inversion of lines 1 and 2 makes for more natural English here.

awaiting the snow,
the faces of the wine lovers -
lightning flash
Tr. Barnhill

the faces of those
who love to drink -
a flash of lightning
Tr. Ueda

There are three types of joogo, jōgo,
according to their reaction to the sake:

source :　parfum-satori.com

naki joogo (泣き上戸) those who start crying
warai joogo (笑い上戸) those who start laughing
okori joogo (怒り上戸) those who get angry

龍門の花や上戸の土産にせん
. ryuumon no hana ya joogo no tsuto ni sen .

Basho drinking at the Dragongate Falls, Yoshino

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Buson painted Basho and one of his sake haiku
蕪村さんも尊敬した俳聖　松尾芭蕉さんの酒句

source :　mbp-kobe.com/hanayama

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

source :　drnobu1
stone memorial at 法華宗本隆寺 / 法花寺
near
Tsuruga 敦賀市 Iro no hama, Ironohama 色の浜 ("Color Beach")

小萩散れますほの小貝小盃　
ko hagi chire Masuho no ko-gai ko sakazuki

drop your little petals,
bush clover, on the little shells:
our little cup
Tr. Barnhill

Bush clovers, drop
Small petals on the tiny shells
Of Masuho in my small cup !
Tr. Oseko

Little bush clover -
Let your flowers scatter
Little red shells, little sake cups
Tr. Nelson Saito

Written on the 16th day of the 8th lunar month
in 1689 元禄2年8月16日, Tsuruga, Oku no Hosomichi

Masuho no kogai, chidori Masuhogai 千鳥ますほ貝 small shells from Masuho

source :　www.komaki-kamaboko.co.jp

There is also a sweet potatoe schnaps with this name.

Here is the hokku by Basho
波の間や小貝にまじる萩の塵
. nami no ma ya kogai ni majiru hagi no chiri .

This was written in memory of a waka by Saigyo 西行

潮染むるますほの小貝ひろふとて
色の浜とはいふにやあらむ

shio somuru Masuho no kogai hirou tote
Iro no hama towa iu ni ya aramu

The small crimson shells
which dye the sea tides
are gathered here,
perhaps the reason this shore
is called "Color Beach”.
Tr. Barnhill

Is it because
they gather crimson shells
which dye the ocean tides
that they call this
Color Beach?
Tr. Shirane

. Basho and Saigyo 西行 .

..........................................................................................................................................................

盃に三つの名を飲む今宵かな
. sakazuki ni mitsu no na o nomu koyoi kana .
in memory of the Chinese poet Li Po

source :　www.chinatea.co.jp

A ricewine cup named "Basho"
Ching-te-chen Chinese style
景徳鎮手描き飲杯　芭蕉

..........................................................................................................................................................

盃の下ゆく菊や朽木盆
. sakazuki no shita yuku kiku ya Kutsuki bon .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. sake cup. tray from Kitsuki

a laquer tray from the Kutsuki region, Saga
and the story of the rejuvenating Yoro Waterfall 養老の滝 Yoro no taki

..........................................................................................................................................................

盃や山路の菊と是を干す
sakazuki ya yamaji no kiku to kore o hosu

this sake cup -
with chrysanthemums of a mountain road
I am going to drink it all
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in 延宝7年, Basho age 36
on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month,
the Chrysanthemum Festival

His sake cup had a pattern of chrysanthemums, so the sake looked almost as collected dew from the petals. He who drinks sake from this cup every day will surely live a long live.

To collect the dew on the chrysanthemum petals and drink it would bring you long life (chooju 長寿). The Chrysanthemum Flower Festival on the 9th of September is also one to celebrate one's wish for longevity 不老長寿.

MORE - hokku about the Chrysanthemum Festival by
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

..........................................................................................................................................................

あの中に蒔絵書きたし宿の月
. ano naka ni maki-e kakitashi yado no tsuki .
(autumn) moon. at the inn. maki-e laquer. I want to draw

At a lodging in Kiso, where he was offered a rustic sakazuki sake cup with a simple maki-e laquer motive.

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

People being drunk
- another aspect of sake drinking
Some brands of sake can cause quite a headache on the next day,
even after a few sips.

二日酔ひものかは花のあるあひだ
futsukayoi mono kawa hana no aru aida
futsuka ei monokawa hana no aru aida

a hangover:
but while the cherries bloom,
what of it?
Tr. Barnhill

a hangover ?
who cares,
while there are blossoms
Tr. Hirschfeld

. WKD : futsukayoi 二日酔い/ 宿酔 hangover .
"still feeling drunk on the second day"

Between 1670 and 79 延宝年間（30歳～37歳)

.........................................................................................................................................................

蛍見や船頭酔うておぼつかな
. hotarumi ya sendoo yoote obotsukana .
the boatsman is drunk

.........................................................................................................................................................

酔うて寝ん撫子咲ける石の上
youte nen nadeshiko sakeru ishi no ue
yoote nen / yoote nenmu

drunk I fall asleep
the white pinks are blooming
on the rocks
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in Summer of 1687 貞亨4年夏

The characters for nadeshiko were "stone bamboo" 石竹 in the Manyoshu poetry collection.

sekichiku 石竹 (せきちく) China pink
lit. "stone bamboo"
kara nadeshiko 唐撫子（からなでしこ）"Chinese nadeshiko"
tokonatsu 常夏 (とこなつ)
Dianthus chinensis

. WKD : Pink, Fringed Pinks, wild carnation .
kigo for mid-summer

.........................................................................................................................................................

夕顔や酔うて顔出す窓の穴
. yuugao ya yoote kao dasu mado no ana .
I am drunk (Basho about himself)

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

Five portraits of haikai poet Matsuo Basho 俳諧の人々
source : hakusyunetto

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. WKD : Ricewine, rice wine (sake, saké, saki) .

. WKD : sakazuki 杯/ さかずき small cup for hot sake .

. Sake 酒 for rituals and festivals .

. Matsunoo Taisha 松尾大社 Matsunoo Grand Shrine
Matsuno'o Taisha - Matsu-no-o with a Sake Deity .

source :　anti aging Labo
At the start of an elaborate meal, you get a sakazuki cup with a hokku by Matsuo Basho.

夕顔や秋はいろいろの瓢哉　
. yuugao ya aki wa iroiro no fukube kana .

..........................................................................................................................................................

花に酔へり羽織着て刀さす女
飲みあけて花生にせん二升樽
をだまきのへそくりかねて酒かはん
川舟やよい茶よい酒よい月夜
かぜ吹かぬ秋の日瓶に酒なき日
月の宿亭主盃持ちいでよ
盃のまはる間おそき月いでて
たのむぞよ寝酒なき夜の紙衾

TBA

..........................................................................................................................................................

千代をふる天のてんつるあられ酒
chiyo o furu ten no ten tsuru ararezake

robiraki ya sekichuuan no ararezake - Yosa Buson
. WKD : ararezake あられ酒 "Hail Wine" from Nara .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

seyo - let us

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

- seyo せよ　let us -
giving a direct order ! Aufforderung, Befehl

xyz seyo is a kind of ordering people,
let us do this!

And other verb-forms ordering people or animals to do something.

. WKD : Verbs used in Haiku .

under construction
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

碪打ちて我に聞かせよ坊が妻　
. kinuta uchite ware ni kikase yo ya boo ga tsuma .
let me hear it!

この心推せよ花に五器一具
. kono kokoro suiseyo hana ni goki ichigu .
this my heart you will know !

. 里の子よ梅折り残せ牛の鞭 .
hey, village children ! leave some plum branches

蕎麦も見てけなりがらせよ野良の萩
soba mo mite / kenarigara seyo / nora no hagi

月見せよ玉江の芦を刈らぬ先
. tsukimi seyo Tamae no ashi o karanu saki .
Let's go moon viewing !

憂きわれを寂しがらせよ秋の寺
. uki ware o sabishigarase yo aki no tera .
- - - and - - うき我をさびしがらせよ閑古鳥 - uki ware o sabishi garaseyo kankodori

植うる事子のごとくせよ児桜
. uuru koto ko no gotoku seyo chigo-zakura .
let us plant (trees) like handling small children

.........................................................................................................................................................

こちら向け我もさびしき秋の暮
. kochira muke ware mo sabishiki aki no kure .
turn this way!
for his friend, priest Kitamuki Unchiku 北向雲竹

わが衣に伏見の桃の雫せよ
. waga kinu ni Fushimi no momo no shizuku seyo .
let the dew drops from peach blossoms fall on my robe

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

Basho telling folks to listen up!
. mukashi kike Chichibu dono sae sumootori .
mukashi kike - listen to the old stories!

旅人の心にも似よ椎の花
. tabibito no kokoro ni mo niyo shii no hana . 　　

. nagamuru ya Edo ni wa mare na yama no tsuki .
(autumn) moon. let us write poetry!

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

這出よかひやが下のひきの声
. hai-ide yo kaiya ga shita no hiki no koe .
crawl out! Basho talks to a big toad under a silkworm shed.

早く咲け九日も近し菊の花　
. hayaku sake kunichi mo chikashi kiku no hana .
hurry up to bloom! - Basho talks to the chrysanthemums

起きよ起きよ我が友にせん寝る胡蝶
. okiyo okiyo waga tomo ni sen neru kochoo .
get up! get up! - Basho talks to a butterfly.

憂き人の旅にも習へ木曽の蝿
. ukihito no tabi ni mo narae Kiso no hae .
learn from a weary traveler - Basho talks to the flies of Kiso

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

獺の祭見て来よ瀬田の奥
. kawauso no matsuri mite koyo Seta no oku .
Let's go see the otter festival at Seta
- - - With a man heading to Zeze - 膳所へ行く人

君火を焚けよきもの見せん雪まるげ
きみ火をたけよき物見せん雪丸げ
. kimi hi o take yoki mono misen yuki maruge .
(winter) snowman. you make a fire. I show you something nice
for Sora, Kawai Sora 河合曾良 .

草枕まことの華見しても来よ
. kusamakura makoto no hanami shite mo koyo .
go and experience some real cherry blossom viewing

for his disciple, the monk Yasomura Rotsuu 八十村路通 Rotsu

Basho wrote this in response to a poem by Tani Bokuin 谷木因
宮人よ我が名を散らせ落葉川
. miyamori yo waga na o chirase ochibagawa .
. . . . . scatter my name into the river

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

. - iza いざ / 感　Let's Go! Farewell, Good-bye! - .
iza kodomo hashiri arikan tamaarare (tama-arare)
iza kodomo hirugao sakinu uri mukan
iza saraba yukimi ni korobu tokoro made
iza tomo ni homugi kurawan kusa makura

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

. WKD : Verbs used in Haiku .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　　

Suganuma Gon-emon

source :　itoyo/basho

During the haikai at the temple 鳳来寺 Horai-Ji, he also wrote

. yuki o matsu joogo no kao ya inabikari .
...the faces of us sake drinkers...

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

kitte stamps

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

- stamps with Basho -

. WKD : Stamps and Haiku 切手　kitte .

under construction

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Oku no Hosomichi　奥の細道
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

The famous Hamaguri Haiku

Stamp at Tokyo Station

.............................................................................

あかあかと日は難面くも秋の風
aka aka to hi wa tsurenaku mo aki no kaze / akaaka

In Kanazawa 金沢　7月15日～23日

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

Haiseiden 俳聖殿 Hall of the Haikai Saint
Basho and Iga Castle 松尾芭蕉と伊賀上野城　

. Iga Ueno 伊賀上野 .
Iga shoomon 蕉門 Basho discipled from Iga

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

. . . CLICK here for more Photos !

. WKD : Stamps and Haiku 切手　kitte .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Seta at Lake Biwako

Seta no Oohashi 瀬田の大橋 The Big Bridge of Seta at the Lake Biwa　琵琶湖.
One of the eight sights of Omi. Seta is the only river that flows out of the lake Biwa.

. WKD : Seta shijimi 瀬田蜆 corbicula from Seta .

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

五月雨に隠れぬものや瀬田の橋
samidare ni kakurenu mono ya Seta no hashi

in the summer rains
one thing unhidden —
the bridge of Seta
Tr. Barnhill

in the endless rain of June
this one is not hidden -
the great bridge of Seta
Tr. Gabi Greve

samidare ... rain during the rainy season, now in June.

There is a stone with this haiku in Otsu. 大津市瀬田唐橋公園

....................................................................................................................................................

Hiroshige - Evening Glow In Seta

橋桁の忍は月の名残り哉　
hashigeta no shinobu wa tsuki no nagori kana

along the bridge beam
endures the fern of recollection:
farewell moon
Tr. Barnhill

along the bridge beam
the fern of longing survives
as the moon departs
Tr. Chilcott

Written on the 13th day of the 9th lunar month 1691. 元禄4年9月13日
Basho was at temple Ishiyamadera 石山寺 with 車要 Shayo and Shido 之道 and left for Edo about 10 days later. So this was a good-bye party of sorts for them.
Maybe he was thinking about the Seta no Karahashi 瀬田の唐橋 Great Bridge of Seta.

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.

tsuki no nagori - the moon's farewell
. WKD : nagorizuki 名残月 .
kigo for autumn

. WKD : shinobugusa 忍草 weeping fern, hare's foot fern .
Lepisorus thunbergianus. - kigo for all autumn

. Basho visiting temple Ishiyamadera 石山寺 .

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

- - - - - Fireflies from Seta

目に残る吉野を瀬田の蛍哉
me ni nokoru yoshino o seta no hotaru kana

held in my eye:
with Yoshino's blooms
Seta's fireflies

Basho recalls spring blossoms at Yoshino as he sees summer's fireflies at Seta.
Tr. and comment : Barnhill

"my eyes recall Yoshino's sakura in Seta's fireflies"

held in my eye:
with Yoshino's blooms
Seta's fireflies
Tr. Dennis Kawaharada

still before my eyes
cherry blossoms of Yoshino
fireflies of Seta
Tr. Reichhold

It seems that Basho must have seen a LOT of fireflies at Seta to make such a comparison: a 'cloud' of fireflies as it were, to match the 'clouds' of cherry blossoms.

- - - - - Further discussion of this poem and

蛍見や船頭酔うておぼつかな
hotarumi ya sendoo yoote obotsukana

. WKD : Fireflies from Seta .

この螢田毎の月にくらべみん
kono hotaru tagoto no tsuki ni kurabemin

these fireflies,
like the moon
in all the rice paddies
Tr. Barnhill

Written in 1688 at temple Ishiyamadera 元禄元年大津石山寺, looking at the fireflies of Seta.
They are a large variety of the Genjibotaru 源氏蛍.

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

source :　blog.goo.ne.jp/uo4/e

- With a man heading to Zeze - 膳所へ行く人

獺の祭見て来よ瀬田の奥
kawauso no matsuri mite koyo Seta no oku

let's go see
the Festival of the Otter:
deep in the hills of Seta
Tr.Barnhill

Written in the first lunar month of 1690 元禄3年1月.

dassai だっさい / 獺祭 "otter festival" - osomatsuri 獺祭り

The otter has the habit of catching fish and lining it up on the riverbank or his nest for a while to look at it. This is called "Dassai". It also means a person who likes to get a lot of books in front of him/her and enjoys the sight before beginning to study in depth.
Masaoka Shiki used to call himself "Dassai".

Here Basho reminds his companion that on his way to Zeze he might as well enjoy a trip along the upper region (oku) of the river Setagawa 瀬田川 and see some of the many otters living there.

. WKD : kawauso uo o matsuru 獺魚を祭る otter festival .
kigo for early spring - kawa-uso
One of the 72 seasonal points of the lunar calendar.

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

名月はふたつ過ぎても瀬田の月
meigetsu wa futatsu sugite mo Seta no tsuki

this harvest moon
now even for the second time -
the moon of Seta
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written on the 18th day of the 8th lunar month, 1691 元禄4年閏8月18日.
In this year the full moon was seen twice because of an intercalary month. So Basho could enjoy the full moon of autumn twice.

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

. WKD : Seta shijimi 瀬田蜆 corbicula and more about Seta .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

shirazu, shiranu - I do not know

source : diana/sekido

ほととぎすなくや皐月のあやめ草　
あやめも知らぬ恋もするかな

hototogisu naku ya satsuki no ayamegusa
ayame mo shiranu koi mo suru kana

In the month of June
When the little cuckoo cries,
Sweet flag everywhere:
Oh, sweet tangle of my love
That knows no weave or pattern!
Edwin A. Cranston

Kokinshu poetry collection, author unknown
yomibito shirazu 古今集　よみびとしらず

. Kai-awase 貝合わせ clam-shell game .

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

- - - - - shirazu 知らず I do not know - - - - -

あこくその心も知らず梅の花
. Akokuso no kokoro mo shirazu ume no hana .
阿古久曾 - Ki no Tsurayuki 紀貫之 . I do not know his heart (mind).

何の木の花とはしらず匂かな
何の木の花とは知らず匂ひ哉
. nani no ki no hana to wa shirazu nioi kana .
I do not know which tree

うち山や外様しらずの花盛り
宇知山や外様しらずの花盛り
. Uchiyama ya tozama shirazu no hana zakari .
(spring) cherries in full bloom. temple Uchiyama. no outsiders are known
Uchiyama refers to the temple Eikyuuji 永久寺 Eikyuji in Yamato

魚鳥の心は知らず年忘れ
. uo tori no kokoro wa shirazu toshi wasure .
(winter) "forget the year". the heart of fish and birds. I do not understand.
remembering Kamo no Choomei 鴨長明 Kamo no Chomei

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

- - - - - shiranu 知らぬ I do not know - - - - -

朝顔は酒盛知らぬ盛り哉
. asagao wa sakamori shiranu sakari kana .
(autumn) morning glories. we drink sake and make merry

冬知らぬ宿や籾摺る音霰
. fuyu shiranu yado ya momi suru oto arare .
(autumn) hulling rice. winter is not known. sound like hail
- Momi suru Oto 籾する音 The Sound of Hulling Rice -

この宿は水鶏も知らぬ扉かな
. kono yado wa kuina mo shiranu toboso kana .
not even the water rail comes to knock at this door . . .
for Kosen 湖仙亭 in Otsu in 1694.

松茸や知らぬ木の葉のへばり付く
. matsutake ya shiranu ko-no-ha no nebaritsuku .
(autumn), Matsutake mushroom. unknown leaf. sticking to it
(matsudake)

幼名や知らぬ翁の丸頭巾
. osana na ya shiranu okina no maruzukin .
(winter) hood. name for a boy. round hood of an old man I never met
for Matsunaga Teitoku 松永貞徳
and Soogi 宗祇 Sogi （1421―1502)

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

. - - - Basho about Basho - - - .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

soo Monk, Priest

under construction
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

朝茶飲む僧静かなり菊の花
. asacha nomu soo shizuka nari kiku no hana .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. morning tea. quietude

初雪や聖小僧の笈の色　
. hatsuyuki ya hijiri kozoo no oi no iro .
(winter) first snow. mendicant monk. color of his backpack

..........................................................................

いづく時雨傘を手に提げて帰る僧
izuku shigure kasa o te ni sagete kaeru soo

where has been this winter drizzle?
with an umbrella in hand
the monk returns

Written in 延宝8年, Basho age 37.

The cold winter drizzle, shigure, as a sign of coming winter, combined with the image of a poor priest, umbrella in hand, evokes a feeling of absolute destitude and sabi.

. - shigure 時雨 winter drizzle, sleet - .

..........................................................................

水取りや氷の僧の沓の音　
水とりや氷の僧の沓の音
. Mizutori ya koori no soo no kutsu no oto .
O-Mizutori, Omizutori, お水取り, Drawing Sacred Well Water,

僧朝顔幾死に返る法の松　
. soo asagao ikushi ni kaeru nori no matsu .
(autumn) morning glories. monks. to die. Dharma pine
at temple Taimadera 当麻寺

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

. Priest, Monk (oshoo 和尚) .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::