Oku Station 25 - Obanazawa

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- Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - おくのほそ道
The Narrow Road to the Deep North -

. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .

After the difficult crossing of the Natagiri Pass 山刀伐峠,
Basho rested for 10 days, mostly at the expenses of his friend Seifu:

from the 17th to the 27th of the 5th lunar month. 1689
元禄2年5月17日 - 27日

Obanazawa literally means "Swamp of Safflowers". A town in Yamagata prefecture.



Basho also stayed at temple Yoosenji 養泉寺 Yosen-Ji.

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- - - Station 25 - Obanazawa 尾花沢 - - -

I visited Seifu in the town of Obanazawa.
He was a rich merchant and yet a man of a truly poetic turn of mind. He had a deep understanding of the hardships of the wandering journey, for he himself had travelled frequently to the capital city. He invited me to stay at his place as long as I wished and tried to make me comfortable in every way he could.

I felt quite at home,
As if it were mine,
Sleeping lazily
In this house of fresh air.

Crawl out bravely
And show me your face,
The solitary voice of a toad
Beneath the silkworm nursery.

With a powder-brush
Before my eyes,
I strolled among
Rouge-plants.

In the silkworm nursery,
Men and women
Are dressed
Like gods in ancient times. -- Written by Sora


Tr. by Nobuyuki Yuasa
source : terebess.hu/english


尾花沢にて清風と云者を尋ぬ。かれは富るものなれども、志いやしからず。都にも折々かよひてさすがに旅の情をも知たれば、日比とゞめて、長途のいたはり、さま％＼にもてなし侍る。

涼しさを我宿にしてねまる也
涼しさを我が宿にしてねまるなり

這出よかひやが下のひきの声

まゆはきを俤にして紅粉の花

蠶飼する人は古代のすがた哉 曾良 Sora
蚕飼

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source :　tomoshiho_oonm

涼しさを我宿にしてねまる也
suzushisa o waga yado ni shite nemaru nari

coolness
is now at my lodgings
and I take a rest

The greeting hokku for his host, the rich merchant Seifuu 清風 Seifu and to the temple where Basho lodged.
The cut marker NARI is at the end of line 3.
nemaru is the local dialect of the region. It can denote to sleep, rest or sit around.

鈴木清風 Suzuki Seifu
(1651 - 1721) . Suzuki Michiyuu 鈴木道祐
残月軒清風
He traveled a lot to Edo and Osaka and was a patron of many haiku poets.
In 1685 and in 1686 he met Basho in Edo at Koishikawa. In 1688 his wife died. In 1692 his father retired and at age 49 he had to take over the family business. In 1711 he retired himself at age 61.

His home was about 700 meters away from the temple Yosen-Ji.
He was a dealer in safflowers (benibana), a speciality of the region. Their extract was an important ingredient in cosmetics and for dying cloths since the Heian period.
When Basho and Sora arrived it was just the high time of the safflower harvest, so he could not spent enough time with his haikai friends and lodged them in the nearby temple.

. WKD : Safflower (benibana 紅花).


quote
. . . considering that Seifu was probably not adequately hospitable to Basho and Sora, Basho may have described in this hokku the comfort he and his friend found in Yosei Temple.
Bashō's Narrow Road: Spring & Autumn Passages : Two Works
source : books.google.co.jp


鈴木清風について
source : bashouan.com/pxSeihuu.htm

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At temple 養泉寺 Yosen-Ji, 涼塚 "the Cool Lodging"


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source :　www.bashouan.com


這出よかひやが下のひきの声
hai-ide yo kaiya ga shita no hiki no koe
haiide yo kaiya ga shita no hiki no koe

crawl out!
beneath the silkworm shed
the croak of a toad
Tr. Haldane


kaiya　飼屋, 蚕室 shed where the silkworms were kept
In many regions, the silk worms were kept in the second floor of a farmhouse.

. WKD : kaiko 蚕 silkworm .


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まゆはきを俤にして紅粉の花
mayuhaki o omokage ni shite beni no hana

reminiscent
of eyebrow brushes –
safflower blossoms
Tr. Haldane


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Matsuo Basho also included a haiku by Sora about silkworms :

蚕飼する人は古代のすがた哉
. kogai suru hito wa kodai no sugata kana .

. . .

Also discussed in the above link is the following hokku:


五月雨や蠶煩ふ桑の畑 蚕
samidare ya kaiko wazurau kuwa no hata

summer rains--
a silkworm ill
in the mulberry field
Tr. Barnhill

It has been suggested that Basho saw himself in the sick silkworm.
The haiku was written in 1694, the last year of Basho's life.

kaiko 蚕 / 蠶 silkworm

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Look at more photos here:
source : ojun/okunohosomiti


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Basho Seifu History Museum (Suzuki family residence)
This museum opened on July 3, 1983.
The museum buildings are the former house and sake shop belonging to Yahei Suzuki, which were moved and reconstructed here. They provide a precious glimpse into a merchant's home of the Edo period, in this town where Basho spent ten nights.
source : english.yamagata-museum.jp




芭蕉 - 清風資料館 - Basho and Seifu Museum
尾花沢市中町5番36号



A quizz for the modern traveller.
source : city.obanazawa.yamagata.jp



source :　www.visitjapan-tohoku.org
おくの細道尾花沢そば街道

While Basho stayed at the Suzuki residence, he is sure to have eaten the local speciality, offering soba buckwheat noodles to visitors そば切り振舞 (sobakiri furumai).


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- Further English Reference -



one painting for each station :
source : binyou/basyou8


鳴子から新庄へ（二人旅）with many photos
source : yosi-emon

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While staying in Obanazawa for a while to rest after a difficult part of his journey, people talked to him about the mountain temple Yamadera, Ryushaku-ji - 立石寺 - Risshaku-ji, which he decided to visit next.


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. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .


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Oku Station 26 - Ryushakuji

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- Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - おくのほそ道
The Narrow Road to the Deep North -

. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .

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source :　www.ayomi.co.jp

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Ryushakuji, Risshakuji 立石寺 Risshaku-Ji, Yamadera　山寺

- - - Station 26 - Ryushakuji - - -

There was a temple called Ryushakuji in the province of Yamagata.
Founded by the great priest Jikaku, this temple was known for the absolute tranquility of its holy compound. Since everybody advised me to see it, I changed my course at Obanazawa and went there, though it meant walking an extra seven miles or so. When I reached it, the late afternoon sun was still lingering over the scene. After arranging to stay with the priests at the foot of the mountain, I climbed to the temple situated near the summit. The whole mountain was made of massive rocks thrown together and covered with age-old pines and oaks. The stony ground itself bore the color of eternity, paved with velvety moss. The doors of the shrines built on the rocks were firmly barred and there was no sound to be heard. As I moved on all fours from rock to rock, bowing reverently at each shrine, I felt the purifying power of this holy environment pervading my whole being.

In the utter silence
Of a temple,
A cicada's voice alone
Penetrates the rocks.

Tr. by Nobuyuki Yuasa

This temple is said to have been founded by Jikaku Daishi in 860 on orders from the Emperor Seiwa after Jikaku had completed his studies in China and returned to Japan.

source : terebess.hu/english


山形領に立石寺と云山寺あり。 慈覚大師の開基にて、殊清閑の地也。一見すべきよし、人々のすゝむるに依て、尾花沢よりとつて返し、其間七里ばかり也。日いまだ暮ず。梺の坊に宿かり置て、山上の堂にのぼる。岩に巖を重て山とし、松柏年旧土石老て苔滑に、岩上の院々扉を閉て物の音きこえず。岸をめぐり、岩を這て仏閣を拝し、佳景寂寞として心すみ行のみおぼゆ。

閑さや岩にしみ入蝉の声 - shizukasa ya iwa ni shimi-iru semi no koe


. shizukesa ya iwa ni shimi-iru semi no koe .
Discussion of this hokku.

. Jikaku Daishi Ennin 慈覚大師仁円 .

shizukasa ya iwa ni shimi-iru semi no koe 閑さや岩にしみ入蝉の声

Basho makes skillful use of the III sounds, iwa ni shimi-iru semi, imitating the semi calls. This shows his great skill with the choice of words, sounds and the language.

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The Yamadera Basho Memorial Museum (山寺芭蕉記念館, Yamadera Bashō Kinenkan)
was established in 1989 as part of the cultural building boom in Yamagata celebrating the 100 year anniversary of the founding of the city. Located about 20 minutes by train (Senzan Line between Yamagata and Sendai) from Yamagata Station, it sits on the south side of the steep river valley facing Yamadera to the north, the historic temple founded in 860 which is one of the area's most beloved sacred sites and top sightseeing destinations.

The Museum focuses on the life of Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694) who perfected the art of haiku, the concise 5-7-5 syllable verse form now appreciated and written around the world. Many treasures from Basho's own hand and writing brush are regularly displayed, along with works of literati and artists from his time, and of those who followed later. Special exhibitions on related themes are also regularly mounted in the gallery.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



ema 絵馬 votive tablet from the temple

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quote

How tranquil it is!
Penetrating into the rocks
the sound of cicadas.

This poem appears to be strictly about nature: no trace of man is found in the tableau to disturb the profound tranquility of the universe. Yet there is obviously a beholder, through whose senses the eternal tranquility is observed, internalized, and expressed. The opening phrase, in particular, conveys the beholder’s admiration of the landscape with an emphatic cutting word (kireji) “ya.”
“Shizukasa ya” is derived from shizuka, an adjective that means quiet, still, or tranquil. The word is commonly written with a kanji character whose Chinese-origin reading is “sei,” but in this verse Bashô uses a different kanji whose Chinese-origin reading is “kan,” meaning “leisure” or “idle.” The implications of the latter kanji, as we have seen earlier, are highly valued by Daoist thinkers, and Bashô’s choice is not a coincidence. Textual studies show that this poem has gone through careful revisions.

A mountain temple—
seeping into the stones,
the sound of cicadas.

yamadera ya/ishi ni shimitsuku/semi no koe

This version seems to be more “impersonal.” Comparing this verse with the earlier one, it is clear that the revision was more intended to convey the poet’s perception of the stillness of the landscape, as Bashô describes in the prose preceding the poem:
“Wandering along the coast, climbing the rocky mountains, and visiting Buddhist temples—the profound tranquility of the beautiful landscape penetrated deeply into my heart.”

By carefully choosing a kanji whose connotations are celebrated in the Daoist texts to transliterate the word “shizukasa,” Bashô expresses simultaneously the tranquility of the external world and the carefree serenity of the speaker’s mind, presenting not only a picture of the landscape but also an aesthetic evaluation of it, one informed by Daoist discourse. This aesthetic landscape embodies the beholder’s attitude toward the world, and it is in this landscape that the poetic self merges into zôka. It is worth noting that, besides the two drafts cited above, the cicada poem has another version that opens with a different word, “sabishisa” rather than “shizukasa.”

How solitary it is!
Permeating into the rocks—
the sound of cicadas.

sabishisa ya/iwa ni shimikomu/semi no koe

“Sabishisa,” a word derived from the adjective “sabishi,” conventionally implies loneliness in Japanese literature. Bashô, however, often uses the word in close relationship with “shizuka.”

MORE :
source : Basho-and-the-Dao - Peipei-Qiu

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .


....................................................................... Miyagi 宮城県　
仙台市 Sendai city 太白区 Taihaku ward

. Akiu Otaki 秋保大滝 Akiu Great Falls .
Priest Jigaku Daishi 慈覚大師 prayed to Fudo Myo-O at the temple 山寺立石寺 Yamadera Risshaku-Ji.




....................................................................... Nagano 長野県
飯田市 Iida city

立石の七不思議 Seven wonders of Risshaku
立石という石は竜宮の頭に届くほど深い
立石寺の香煙は衆生を救う
御手洗いに祈ると小蛇が出て大雨を降らす
立石寺の池の田螺は巻き目がない
迦楼塔の鰐口は無くなってもすぐ戻ってくる
松が抱き合う姿の縁結びの松がある
meoto sugi 夫婦杉がある




....................................................................... Shiga 滋賀県　
甲賀郡 Koka district

三郎諏方 Saburo Sugawara (former 甲賀三郎 Koga Saburo) became the regent of Yamato.
There he married 春日姫 Kasuga Hime.
Once when he was away his wife was kidnaped by a Tengu.
So he gave up his position and went to search her.
. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .
立石寺観音堂の縁起

- quote -
Kōga Saburō (甲賀三郎)
is a character in Japanese folklore associated with the Suwa region.
Many variants on the basic story exist; the following summary is based on the earliest literary version of the tale found in the Shintōshū.
The third son of a local landlord of Kōka District in Ōmi Province, a distinguished warrior named Kōga Saburō Yorikata (甲賀三郎諏方) was searching for his lost wife, Princess Kasuga (春日姫 Kasuga-hime) in a cave in Mount Tateshina in Shinano, with his two elder brothers.
The second brother, who was jealous of Saburō's prowess and fame and who coveted Kasuga, traps the latter inside the cave after they had rescued the princess.
With no way out, Saburō has no other choice but to go deeper into the cave, which was actually an entrance to various underground realms filled with many wonders. After travelling through these subterranean lands for a long period of time, he finally finds his way back to the surface, only to find himself transformed into a giant snake or dragon.
With the help of Buddhist monks (who turn out to be gods in disguise), Saburō regains his human form and is finally reunited with his wife. Saburō eventually becomes Suwa Myōjin, the god of the Upper Shrine of Suwa, while his wife becomes the goddess of the Lower Shrine.
This version of the legend explains the origin of the name 'Suwa' (諏訪 or 諏方) via folk etymology as being derived from Saburō's personal name, Yorikata (諏方).
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. Suwa Jinja 諏訪神社 Suwa Shrines and their Legends .

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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Oku Station 27 - Oishida

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- Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - おくのほそ道
The Narrow Road to the Deep North -

. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .


Basho stayed here on day 28 and 29 of the 5th lunar month. - 5月28日・29日
Now from 15th of July.

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- - - Station 27 - Ooishida 大石田 Oishida - - -

I wanted to sail down the River Mogami, but while I was waiting for fair weather at Oishida, I was told that the old seed of linked verse once strewn here by the scattering wind had taken root, still bearing its own flowers each year and thus softening the minds of rough villagers like the clear note of a reed pipe, but that these rural poets were now merely struggling to find their way in a forest of error, unable to distinguish between the new and the old style, for there was no one to guide them.
At their request, therefore, I sat with them to compose a book of linked verse, and left it behind me as a gift. It was indeed a great pleasure for me to be of such help during my wandering journey.


Tr. by Nobuyuki Yuasa


River Mogami
The Mogami River is one of Japan's three fast flowing rivers. It has its source in Azumayama on the border of Fukushima Prefecture. It flows north through Yamagata, then turns west entering the Japan Sea near Sakata.
According to Sora's diary they left the Ryushakuji on the 28th Day of the Fifth Month and went to Oishida where they stayed the 29th and 30th and held a poetry meeting. On the First Day f the Sixth Month they left Oishida and went to Shono and on the 3rd they left there heading for Motoaikai where they boarded a boat and started down the Mogami River.

source : terebess.hu/english


最上川のらんと、大石田と云所に日和を待。爰に古き俳諧の種こぼれて、忘れぬ花のむかしをしたひ、芦角一声の心をやはらげ*、此道にさぐりあしゝて、新古ふた道にふみまよふといへども*、みちしるべする人しなければと*、わりなき一巻残しぬ。このたびの風流、爰に至れり。
最上川は、みちのくより出て、山形を水上とす。ごてん・はやぶさ*など云おそろしき難所有。板敷山の北を流て、果は酒田の海に入。左右山覆ひ、茂みの中に船を下す。是に稲つみたるをや、いな船といふならし。白糸の滝は青葉の隙々に落て、仙人堂、岸に臨て立。水みなぎつて舟あやうし。


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The following is not covered in Oku no Hosomichi.


source :　itoyo/basho
Memorial Stone at the Hachiman Shrine 新庄市鳥越鳥越八幡神社

水の奥氷室尋ねる柳哉
水の奥氷室尋る柳哉
mizu no oku himuro tazunuru yanagi kana

at this water’s source
I would seek for an ice house:
willow tree
Tr. Barnhill

Written on the first day of the 6th lunar month 1689 元禄2年6月1日.

Basho stayed at the home of Fuuryuu 風流 Furyu on his way from 大石田 - 新庄　Oishida to Shinjo.
Fuuryuu, a very rich merchant, his name was 澁谷甚兵衛 Shibuya Shinbei. Basho hat met Furyu first at Obanazawa a few days ago.
There was a small river with willow trees, providing the feeling of coolness as if it had come right our of an ice storage. The place was called "Yanagi no kiyomizu" 柳の清水 "Clear water from the willow tree".

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.

On the following day Basho visited the brother of Shinbei, Shibuya Seishin 澁谷盛信

. WKD : himuro 氷室 (ひむろ) icehouse, ice house, ice cellar, Eiskeller .
kigo for summer




新庄資料写真と解説(1) - 新庄資料写真と解説(2)
Photos from 鳥越 and 柳の清水. also 渋谷風流宅跡 - 芭蕉広場 - Motoaikai 本合海
source : www.bashouan.com

大石田・最上川の章段
source : www.bashouan.com

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Oku Station 28 - Mogamigawa

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- Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - おくのほそ道
The Narrow Road to the Deep North -

. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .


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- - - Station 28 - Mogamigawa 最上川 - - -

The River Mogami rises in the high mountains of the far north, and its upper course runs through the province of Yamagata. There are many dangerous spots along this river, such as Speckled Stones and Eagle Rapids, but it finally empties itself into the sea at Sakata, after washing the north edge of Mount Itajiki. As I descended this river in a boat, I felt as if the mountains on both sides were ready to fall down upon me, for the boat was tiny one - the kind that farmers used for carrying sheaves of rice in old times - and the trees were heavily laden with foliage. I saw the Cascade of Silver Threads sparkling through the green leaves and the Temple called Sennindo standing close to the shore. The river was swollen to the brim, and the boat was in constant peril.

Gathering all the rains
Of May,
The River Mogami rushes down
In one violent stream.


Tr. by Nobuyuki Yuasa
source : terebess.hu/english


最上川のらんと、大石田と云所に日和を待。爰に古き誹諧の種こぼれて、忘れぬ花のむかしをしたひ、芦角一声の心をやはらげ、此道にさぐりあしゝて、新古ふた道にふみまよふといへども、みちしるべする人しなければとわりなき一巻残しぬ。このたびの風流爰に至れり。

最上川はみちのくより出て、山形を水上とす。 こてんはやぶさなど云おそろしき難所有。板敷山の北を流て、果は酒田の海に入。左右山覆ひ、茂みの中に船を下す。是に稲つみたるをやいな船といふならし。白糸の瀧は青葉の隙／＼に落て仙人堂岸に臨て立。水みなぎつて舟あやうし。

五月雨をあつめて早し最上川


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五月雨を集めてはやし最上川
samidare o atsumete hayashi Mogamigawa

collecting the June-rain
running so fast -
the river Mogamigawa
Tr. Gabi Greve

Read the discussion of the hokku here
. WKD : Rain in various kigo .

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Sennindoo　仙人堂 Sennin Do (外川神社 Togawa Jinja）
This Hall is upstream from Shiraito Waterfall. It is a shrine in honor of Yoshitsune's retainer Hitachibo Kaison.



. Hitachibo Kaison Sennin 常陸坊海尊仙人 .


. 源の義経　Minamoto no Yoshitsune (1159 - 1189) .

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奥の細道図屏風　- Yamagata - Byobu images

山形美術館所蔵－長谷川コレクション Hasegawa Collection
source : www.bashouan.com


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Oku no Hosomichi
. - - - Station 31 - Sakata 酒田 - Tsurugaoka 鶴が岡 - - - .

暑き日を海にいれたり最上川
atsuku hi o umi ni iretari Mogamigawa

- - - - - The original version of the MOGAMIGAWA poem, praising the view from the house of his host, the rich merchant Terajima Hikosuke 寺島彦助:

涼しさや 海にいれたる 最上川
suzushisa ya umi ni iretaru Mogamigawa


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最上川河童舟下り A Kappa going down the river Mogamigawa


source :　kappauv.com/sub3/hakubutu/ - Kappa Museum

. Mahoroba Kappa Matsuri　まほろば河童まつり Festival .

this old river -
the sound of water
as the Kappa jumps

Gabi Greve, 2015


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. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .


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Oku Station 29 - Hagurosan

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- Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - おくのほそ道
The Narrow Road to the Deep North -

. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .


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- - - Station 29 - Hagurosan 羽黒山 - - -

I climbed Mount Haguro on the third of June. Through the effort of my friend, Zushi Sakichi, I was granted an audience with the high priest Egaku, then presiding over this whole mountain temple acting as bishop. He received me kindly and gave me a comfortable lodging in one of the annexes in the South Valley.

On the following day, I sat with the priest in the main hall to compose some linked verse. I wrote:

Blessed indeed
Is this South Valley,
Where the gentle wind breathes
The faint aroma of snow.

I visited the Gongen shrine on the fifth. The founder of this shrine is the priest called Nojo, but no one knows exactly when he lived. Court Ceremonies and rites during the Years of Engi, however, mentions that there is a sacred shrine on Mount Sato in the province of Dewa. The scribe must have written Sato where he should have written Kuro in the province of Dewa. According to a local history book, the name of the province itself is derived from the fact that quantities of feathers were sent to the Emperor each year as a tribute from this province. Be that as it may, this shrine on Mount Haguro is counted among the three most sacred shrines of the north, together with the shrines on Mount Gassan and Mount Yudono, and is a sister shrine of the temple on Mount Toei in Edo.

Here the doctrine of Absolute Meditation preached in the Tendai sect shines forth like the clear beams of the moon, and the Laws of Spiritual Freedom and Enlightenment illuminate as lamps in utter darkness. There are hundreds of houses where the priests practice religious rites with absolute severity. Indeed the whole mountain is filled with miraculous inspiration and sacred awe. Its glory will never perish as long as man continues to live on the earth.


Tr. by Nobuyuki Yuasa
source : terebess.hu/english


出羽三山
六月三日、羽黒山に登る。図司左吉と云者を尋て、別当代会覚阿闍利に謁す。南谷の別院に舎して憐愍の情こまやかにあるじせらる。

四日、本坊にをゐて誹諧興行。

有難や雪をかほらす南谷 - arigataya yuki o kaorasu Minamidani

五日、権現に詣。当山開闢能除大師はいづれの代の人と云事をしらず。延喜式に羽州里山の神社と有。書写、黒の字を里山となせるにや。羽州黒山を中略して羽黒山と云にや。 出羽といへるも鳥の毛羽を此国の貢に献ると風土記に侍とやらん。月山湯殿を合て三山とす。当寺武江東叡に属して天台止観の月明らかに、円頓融通の法の灯かゝげそひて、僧坊棟をならべ、修験行法を励し、霊山霊地の験効、人貴且恐る。繁栄長にしてめで度御山と謂つべし。


涼しさやほの三か月の羽黒山 - suzushisa ya hono mikazuki no Haguroyama


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arigataya yuki o kaorasu Minamidani

Thanks
for Minamidani
smell of snow
Tr. Etsuko Yanagibori


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suzushisa ya hono mikazuki no Haguroyama


coolness —
the crescent moon faint
over Black Feather Mountain
Tr. Barnhill



quote
coolness -
faintly a crescent moon over
Feather Black Mountain

In this hokku the prefix hono ("faintly" or "barely") and mikazuki (third-day moon" create an implicit visual contrast between the thin light of the crescent moon and the blackness of the night, implied in the name, Haguroyama, Feather Black Mountain. The silver look of the moon, which casts a thin ray of light through the darkness, brings, amid the summer heat, a sense of "coolness" (suzushisa), suggesting both the hospitality and the spiritual purity of the sacred mountain.
- Shirane, Traces of Dreams, page 179
source : http://books.google.co.jp




the coolness -
faintly the crescent moon
above Mount Haguro
Tr. Makoto Ueda


. WKD : Haguro San 羽黒山 - Yamagata .





. Gabi Greve - photo album from Haguro / Yudono .

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その玉や羽黒にかへす法の月
. sono tama ya Haguro ni kaesu nori no tsuki .

his soul (like a jewel)
has returned to Mount Haguro -
moon of the Buddhist Law

for priest Betto Tenyuu Hoo-in 別当　天佑法院 Tenyu Ho-In, the forefather of Mt. Haguro’s revival.


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Oku Station 30 - Gassan

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- Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - おくのほそ道
The Narrow Road to the Deep North -

. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .


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- - - Station 30 - Gassan and Yudonosan 月山　湯殿 - - -

I climbed Mount Gassan on the eighth. I tied around my neck a sacred rope made of white paper and covered my head with a hood made of bleached cotton, and set off with my guide on a long march of eight miles to the top of the mountain. I walked through mists and clouds, breathing the thin air of high altitudes and stepping on slippery ice and snow, till at last through a gateway of clouds, as it seemed, to the very paths of the sun and moon, I reached the summit, completely out of breath and nearly frozen to death. Presently the sun went down and the moon rose glistening in the sky. I spread some leaves on the ground and went to sleep, resting my head on pliant bamboo branches. When, on the following morning, the sun rose again and dispersed the clouds, I went down towards Mount Yudono.

As I was still descending, I saw an old smithy built right on a trickling stream. According to my guide, this was where Gassan, a local swordsmith, used to make his swords, tempering them in the crystal-clear water of the stream. He made his swords with such skill and devotion that they became famous throughout the world. He must have chosen this particular spot for his smithy probably because he knew of a certain mysterious power latent in the water, just as indeed a similar power is known to have existed in the water of Ryosen Spring in China. Nor is the story of Kansho and Bakuya out of place here,* for it also teaches us that no matter where your interest lies, you will not be able to accomplish anything unless you bring your deepest devotion to it.

As I sat reflecting thus upon a rock, I saw in front of me a cherry tree hardly three feet tall just beginning to blossom - far behind the season of course, but victorious against the heavy weight of snow which it had resisted for more than half a year. I immediatley thought of the famous Chinese poem about 'the plum tree fragrant in the blazing heat of summer' and of an equally pathetic poem by the priest Gyoson, and felt even more attached to the cherry tree in front of me. I saw many other things of interest in this mountain, the details of which, however, I refrain from betraying in accordance with the rules I must obey as a pilgrim. When I returned to my lodging, my host, Egaku, asked me to put down in verse some impressions of my pilgrimage to the three mountains, so I wrote as follows on the narrow strips of writing paper he had given me.

How cool it is,
A pale crescent shining
Above the dark hollow
Of Mount Haguro.

How many columns of clouds
Had risen and crumbled, I wonder
Before the silent moon rose
Over Mount Gassan.

Forbidden to betray
The holy secrets of Mount Yudono,
I drenched my sleeves
In a flood of reticent tears.

Tears rushed to my eyes
As I stepped knowingly
Upon the coins of the sacred road
Of Mount Yudono.
-- Written by Sora


Tr. by Nobuyuki Yuasa
source : terebess.hu/english


八日、月山にのぼる。木綿しめ身に引かけ、宝冠に頭を包、強力と云ものに 道ひかれて、雲霧山気の中に氷雪を踏てのぼる事八里、更に日月行道の雲関に入かとあやしまれ、息絶身こゞえて頂上にいたれば、日没て月顕る。笹を鋪篠を枕として、臥て明るを待。日出て雲消れば湯殿に下る。

谷の傍に 鍛治小屋と云有。此国の 鍛治、霊水を撰て爰に潔斉して劔を打、終月山と銘を切て世に賞せらる。彼龍泉に剣を淬とかや。干将莫耶のむかしをしたふ。道に堪能の執あさからぬ事しられたり。岩に腰かけてしばしやすらふほど、三尺ばかりなる桜のつぼみ半ばひらけるあり。ふり積雪の下に埋て、春を忘れぬ遅ざくらの花の心わりなし。炎天の梅花爰にかほるがごとし。行尊僧正の哥の哀も爰に思ひ出て、猶まさりて覚ゆ。惣而此山中の微細、行者の法式として他言する事を禁ず。仍て筆をとゞめて記さず。坊に帰れば、阿闍利の需に依て、三山順礼の句〃短冊に書。


語られぬ湯殿にぬらす袂かな

湯殿山銭ふむ道の泪かな 曾良 Sora


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雲の峰幾つ崩れて月の山
kumo no mine / ikutsu kuzurete / tsuki no yama

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語られぬ湯殿にぬらす袂かな
katararenu Yudono ni nurasu tamoto kana

- - - - - Peipei Qiu wrote:

Unable to speak
of Yudono’s wonders, my sleeves
are drenched with tears.

(this poem) has not received as much critical attention. This might have to do with the lack of depiction of scenic beauty in the third verse. Traditionally, in Japanese literary travel journals a poet offers a poem to praise the famous scenic site, making allusions or references to the classical poems composed at the same place. Bashô seems to have felt it necessary to make an excuse for his not devoting a verse to the famous scenery.
He writes:
“it was forbidden by the rules for mountain pilgrims to reveal what one saw on Mount Yudono, so I put my brush aside.”
source : Basho-and-the-Dao- Peipei-Qiu



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entrance to the Yudono complex


語られぬ湯殿にぬらす袂かな
katararenu Yudono ni nurasu tamoto kana


I cannot speak of
Yudono, but see how wet
My sleeve is with tears.
Tr. Donald Keene


no speaking
in the place of Yudono-den
I wet my cuff
Tr. Etsuko Yanagibori


. WKD : Basho at Mount Gassan .



. Gabi Greve - photo album from Haguro / Yudono .


. WKD : the ascetics of the Yudono mounts .


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. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .

. Rokujurigoe Kaido 六十里越街道 Rokujurigoe Highway Pilgrim Road .

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Oku Station 31 - Sakata

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- Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - おくのほそ道
The Narrow Road to the Deep North -

. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .

鶴岡 10日 - 15日 - 6月
酒田 18日 - 25日

6月10日 arrived at the home of Nagayama with his companion Romaru 呂丸, Basho ate some rice gruel and slept.

For Atsumi Onsen wooden dolls, see below.
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- - - Station 31 - Sakata 酒田 - Tsurugaoka 鶴が岡 - - -

Leaving Mount Haguro on the following day, I came to the castle town called Tsuru-ga-oka, where I was received warmly by Nagayama Shigeyuki, a warrior, and composed a book of linked verse with him and Zushi Sakichi who had accompanied me all the way from Mount Haguro. Bidding them farewell, I again descended the River Mogami in a boat and arrived at the port of Sakata, where I was entertained by the physician named En'an Fugyoku.

I enjoyed the evening cool
Along the windy beach of Fukuura,
Behind me, Mount Atsumi
Still in the hot sun.


The River Mogami has drowned
Far and deep
Beneath its surging waves
The flaming sun of summer.


Tr. by Nobuyuki Yuasa
source : terebess.hu/english


羽黒を立て、鶴が岡の城下、長山氏重行と云物のふの家にむかへられて、誹諧一巻有。左吉も共に送りぬ。川舟に乗て酒田の湊に下る。淵庵不玉と云医師の許を宿とす。

あつみ山や吹浦かけて夕すゞみ - Atsumiyama 温海山

暑き日を海にいれたり最上川 - atsuku hi o umi ni iretari Mogamigawa


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source :　itoyo/basho

温海山や吹浦かけて夕涼み
あつみ山や吹浦かけて夕すゞみ
Atsumiyama ya Fukuura kakete yuusuzumi
Atsumi-yama ya Fuku-Ura kakete yuu-suzumi


Mount Atsumi -
all the way to Fuku Bay,
the evening cool
Tr. Barnhill


From Hot Springs Mountain
to the Bay of Breezes,
the Evening cool!
Tr. Shirane


Atsumi Onsen 温海温泉 - あつみ温泉 Atsumi Hot Spring
quote
With its history of more than 1000 years, this old hot spring is located along Atsumi river.
Hotels are staning along the river at the foot of Mount Atsumi which is about 2km ascended from the mouth of Atsumi river. The origin of discovery has several theories. Some says a child appeared in Kobo Daishi's dream and gave him a wise remark.
The others say a woodman found a wounded crane bathing its leg into the spring water.
source : en.yamagata-info.com


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source :　guzurabo/basyo


暑き日を海にいれたり最上川
atsuku hi o umi ni iretari Mogamigawa


thrusting the hot sun
into the sea:
Mogami River
Tr. Barnhill



Pouring the hot day
into the sea -
Mogami River
Tr. Shirane
source : books.google.co.jp


- - - - - The original version of the MOGAMIGAWA poem, praising the view from the house of his host, the rich merchant Terajima Hikosuke 寺島彦助:

涼しさや 海にいれたる 最上川
suzushisa ya umi ni iretaru Mogamigawa

Coolness–
pouring into the sea–
Mogami River
Tr. Shirane

"Instead of the river pouring into the sea, the Mogami River pours the atsuki hi, which dan be read either as "hot sun" or "hot day", suggesting both a setting sun washed by the waves at sea and a hot summer's day coming to a dramatic close in the sea.
Basho drops the word "coolness" (suzushisa) and the constraints of the poetic greeting to a more dramatic image, one that suggests coolness without using the word."
source : http://books.google.co.jp


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めずらしや山を出羽の初なすび
mezurashi ya yama o Dewa no hatsu nasubi

how wonderful and extraordinary !
coming out of the sacred Dewa mountains
to these first eggplants

. WKD : Eggplant なすび nasu, nasubi .

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初真桑四つにや断たん輪に切らん
. hatsu makuwa yotsu no ya kiran wa ni kiran .
hatsu makuwa yotsu ni ya tatan wa ni kiran

His joy of slicing the first Makuwa melon of the season.

Written in 元禄2年6月23日, in Sakata, Oku no Hosomichi.
He stayed at the home of 近江屋三郎兵衛 / Abumiya Gyokushi 近江屋玉志, where they enjoyed the fruit in the cool evening.


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- - - - - LINKS with many photos of Sakata town

酒田　その１　　　山形県酒田市
source : basyo.okunohosomichi.net/06yamagata 1

酒田　その２（酒田港界隈）
source : basyo.okunohosomichi.net/06yamagata 2


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. Yamagata Folk Art - 山形県　 .

温海温泉 kiji gangu 木地玩具 Atsumi Hot Spring wooden toys

dadakko 駄々っ子 Dadako, a brat, an unmanageable child
Here is a baby doll (about 17 cm) with head, arms and legs moving, making a noise (batabata バタバタ)
doing its dada o koneru 駄々をこねる throwing a tantrum



A kind of kurumamono 車もの doll on wheels
other items on the car are Daruma san, famous persons and animals.

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wa nage 輪投げ doll throwing rings

To make these kinds of small rings is a special skill of the local woodworkers. Now there are very few makers of them.
The human doll is ready to throw a ring on the stand before it. He is figured after a well-loved manga figure before the war, called nonki na toosan のんきな父さん a carefree father. The figure is about 37 cm high.



- source : asahi-net.or.jp -


. Tsurugaoka 鶴が岡 Tsuruoka mingei 鶴岡民芸 folk art from Tsuruoka .

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Oku Station 32 - Kisagata

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- Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - おくのほそ道
The Narrow Road to the Deep North -

. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .

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The landscape Basho describes has changed very much since the huge earthquake of 1804.


- - - Station 32 - Kisagata / Kisakata 象潟 - - -

I had seen since my departure innumerable examples of natural beauty which land and water, mountains and rivers, had produced in one accord, and yet in no way could I suppress the great urge I had in my mind to see the miraculous beauty of Kisagata, a lagoon situated to the northeast of Sakata.* I followed a narrow trail for about ten miles, climbing steep hills, descending to rocky shores, or pushing through sandy beaches, but just about the time the dim sun was nearing the horizon, a strong wind arose from the sea, blowing up fine grains of sand, and rain, too, began to spread a grey film of cloud across the sky, so that even Mount Chokai was made invisible. I walked in this state of semi-blindness, picturing all sorts of views to myself, till at last I put up at a fisherman's hut, convinced that if there was so much beauty in the dark rain, much more was promised by fair weather.

A clear sky and brilliant sun greeted my eyes on the following morning, and I sailed across the lagoon in an open boat. I first stopped at a tiny island named after the Priest Noin to have a look at his retreat where he had stayed for three years, and then landed on the opposite shore where there was the aged cherry tree which Saigyo honored by writing 'sailing over the waves of blossoms. There was also a mausoleum of the Empress Jingu and the temple named Kanmanjuji.

I was a bit surprised to hear of her visit here and left in doubt as to its historical truth, but I sat in a spacious room of the temple to command the entire view of the lagoon. When he hanging screens were rolled up, an extraordinary view unfolded itself before my eyes - Mount Chokai supporting the sky like a pillar in the south with its shadowy reflection in the water, the barrier-gate of Muyamuya just visible in the west, an endless causeway leading as far as Akita in the east, and finally in the north, Shiogoshi, the mouth of the lagoon with waves of the outer ocean breaking against it. Although little more than a mile in width, this lagoon is not the least inferior to Matsushima in charm and grace. There is, however, a remarkable difference between the two. Matsushima is a cheerful, laughing beauty, while the charm of Kisagata is in the beauty of its weeping countenance. It is not only lonely but also penitent, as it were, for some unknown evil. Indeed, it has a striking resemblance to the expression of a troubled mind.

A flowering silk tree
In the sleepy rain of Kisagata
Reminds me of Lady Seishi
In sorrowful lament.

Cranes hop around
On the watery beach of Shiogoshi
Dabbling their long legs
In the cool tide of the sea.

What special delicacy
Is served here, I wonder,
Coming to Kisagata
On a festival day
- Written by Sora

Sitting at full ease
On the doors of their huts,
The fishermen enjoy
A cool evening
- Written by Teiji

A poem for a pair of faithful osprey nesting on a rock:

What divine instinct
Has taught these birds
No waves swell so high
As to swamp their home?
- Written by Sora


Tr. by Nobuyuki Yuasa
source : terebess.hu/english






象潟
江山水陸の風光数を尽して今象潟に方寸を責。酒田の湊より東北の方、山を越、礒を伝ひ、いさごをふみて、其際十里、日影やゝかたぶく比、汐風真砂を吹上、雨朦朧として鳥海の山かくる。闇中に莫作して、雨も又奇也とせば、雨後の晴色又頼母敷と、蜑の苫屋に膝をいれて雨の晴を待。

其朝、天能霽て、朝日花やかにさし出る程に、象潟に舟をうかぶ。先能因嶋に舟をよせて、三年幽居の跡をとぶらひ、むかふの岸に舟をあがれば、花の上こぐとよまれし桜の老木、西行法師の記念をのこす。江上に御陵あり。神功后宮の御墓と云。寺を干満珠寺と云。比處に行幸ありし事いまだ聞ず。いかなる事にや。此寺の方丈に座して簾を捲ば、風景一眼の中に尽て、南に鳥海天をさゝえ、其陰うつりて江にあり。西はむや／＼の関路をかぎり、東に堤を築て秋田にかよふ道遥に、海北にかまえて浪打入る所を汐こしと云。江の縦横一里ばかり、俤松嶋にかよひて又異なり。松嶋は笑ふが如く、象潟はうらむがごとし。寂しさに悲しみをくはえて、地勢魂をなやますに似たり。

象潟や雨に西施がねぶの花 - Kisakata Ya ame ni Seishi ga nebu no hana

汐越や鶴はぎぬれて海涼し - shiogoshi ya tsuru hagi nurete umi suzushi

祭礼

象潟や料理何くふ神祭 曾良 - Sora - Kisakata ya ryoori nani kuu kami matsuri

蜑の家や戸板を敷て夕涼 みのゝ国の商人低
岩上に雎鳩の巣をみる

波こえぬ契ありてやみさごの巣 曾良 - Sora


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Screen of Kisakata and Mount Chokaisan before the earthquake
鳥海山 - 象潟の古景図
source :　city.nikaho.akita.jp

Japan 1804:
Kisakata earthquake on July 10, magnitude of 7.3. and killed 450 people .


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Kisakata ya ryoori nani kuu kami matsuri

Oh now Kisakata !
What special food do they eat
at the shrine festival?

Kisakata an einem Festtag!
Was es hier wohl für
Spezialitäten gibt?


The "Special delicacy" mentioned by Sora,
in a hokku by Basho:

めずらしや山を出羽の初なすび
mezurashi ya yama o Dewa no hatsu nasubi

how wonderful and extraordinary !
coming out of the sacred Dewa mountains
to these first eggplants

Welche Überraschung!
aus den Heiligen Bergen von Dewa kommend
hier die ersten Augerginen


"After we confined ourself in Haguro-Sanzan Shrine to pray for seven days, we have come down to Tsuruoka Town. Then we are given a warm welcome at Nagayama Juko's residence. How delicious the new eggplants are at the dinner."
Matsuo Basho at Sakata

With a memorial marker :
. Food from Yamagata .

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. Nōin、Nooin Hoshi, No-In Hoshi 能因法師 Priest No-In .
(988-1051)

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Kisakata ya ame ni Seishi ga nebu no hana

Kisakata ―
Seishi sleeping in the rain,
Wet mimosa blossoms
Tr. Donald Keene

MORE
source : akitahaiku.com


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Shiogoshi - Shiokoshi 塩越 - 汐越 a station along the road between Sendai and Dewa
Sendai Kaidoo 出羽仙台街道
羽後街道 broke off from Yoshioka 吉岡 leading to Iwadeyama 岩出山.



汐越や鶴脛ぬれて海涼し
shiogoshi ya tsuru hagi nurete umi suzushi

the Shallows—
a crane with legs wet,
the sea cool
Tr. Barnhill


Tide-Crossing -
The crane’s long legs are wetted
How cool the sea is!
Tr. Donald Keene



. 汐越の松 Shiokoshi no Matsu .
at - - - Station 38 - Daishoji 大聖寺 (Daishooji) - - -




- - Reference - Kisakata Japan - -


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- - - - - The famous waka by Saigyo :

象潟の桜は波に埋れて花の上漕ぐ海士の釣り舟
Kisagata no sakura wa nami ni uzumorete hana no ue kogu ama no tsuribune

At Kisakata
a cherry tree is covered
at times by the waves;
fishermen must row their boats
above the cherry blossoms.
Tr. Keene


The cherry blossoms
of Kisagata are buried
in the waves -
a fisherman's boat
rowing over the flowers.
Tr. Shirane


. 　Basho and Saigyo 芭蕉と西行法師　.



Also in the following poem from Kisagata, Basho is reminded of Saigyo:

夕晴や桜に涼む波の花　
yuubare ya sakura ni suzumu nami no hana

clearing at evening -
cool now under the cherry trees
blossoms on the waves
Tr. Chilcott


元禄2年4月.

nami no hana 波の花 / 波の華 is also an expression for the foam that builds on the surf during strong winds in winter along the beaches of the Nihonkai.



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. WKD : Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 in Edo .

象がたを鳴なくしけりきりぎりす
kisagata o naku-nakushi keri kirigirisu

crickets crying
as they lose everything --
Kisakata Bay
Tr. Chris Drake

This hokku was written in the 8th month (September) of 1811, when Issa was in the area east of Edo and seven years after the great Kisakata earthquake of July 10, 1804. Before the earthquake, Kisakata Bay on the Japan Sea coast far to the northwest of Edo was regarded as one of the most beautiful shoreline areas in Japan, ranking with Matsushima on the Pacific coast (which was largely spared by the recent great earthquake). More than a hundred small islands in various unusual shapes left by earlier volcanic eruptions rose from the shallow water of the small bay, much of which was a lagoon sheltered from sea waves by a long, thin spit of land. Black pines grew on the islands, and several islands had small Buddhist temples or Shinto shrines on them, giving the bay an almost unworldly beauty.

Basho of course visited the area and wrote a poem there, as had many other poets over the centuries. Then, in 1804, a very large earthquake suddenly raised the bay more than two meters, leaving the bottom of the bay above sea level. The area became a freshwater marsh, and soon it was covered by fertile rice paddies dotted with small rocky hills that were once islands.

Issa no doubt read and heard about the shocking change in the landscape and, hearing crickets near Edo, he imagines the sorrow of all the creatures living in Kisakata, even the crickets. The verb 'cry' in Japanese has the same double meaning of to make a sound and to weep that the verb has in English, and there is surely sorrow in the sounds made by these crickets. Issa also overlaps the sound of the verb 'to cry' (naki) with the sound of a normally unrelated verb, 'to lose, be bereft of' (nakushi-) to make them reverberate together. He turns the strength of the crickets' cries into an indication of the depth of their feeling of loss: the crickets -- and human readers -- only realize how much they've lost as they cry out. The disappearance of the apparently eternal bay has made the former bay similar in one sense to the short-lived bodies of crickets (and humans), and it suggests that the crickets are crying for themselves as well.

* For Basho, Buson, Issa, and all "premodern" Japanese writers, kirigirisu meant crickets. However, in modern Japanese the meaning of this word has changed, and it now refers to katydids or grasshoppers, and another word, koorogi, now means crickets.


MORE
. Chris Drake commenting on Issa - Kisakata .


象潟や桜を浴てなく蛙
kisagata ya sakura o abite naku kawazu

Kisa Lagoon--
bathing in cherry blossoms
croaking frog
Tr. David Lanoue


Kisakata Today
source : ee4y-nsn/oku/ksgaa01
- the 99 islands 秋田象潟・九十九島
source : www.uchinome.jp






象潟と文学 (Kisakata in Japanese literature)
source : www10.plala.or.jp/tokuda_shusei

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I visited the region and temple Kanman-Ji　蚶満寺 many years back, it is very impressive indeed, with all the former islands now sticking out as small hills.

Kanmanji 虫甘満寺 / 蚶満寺 the Temple Kanman－Ji
The first Kanji character ‘虫甘’ means ‘赤貝(akagai), ark shells”. . . lit.虫甘 "insect that tasts sweet", an old Chinese character 蚶 for the ark shell.
Kanmanji is surrounded by a sacred grove of old-growth laurel trees (tabunoki たぶのき【椨】 Persea thunbergii or Machilus thunbergii).



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Oku Station 33 - Echigo

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- Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - おくのほそ道
The Narrow Road to the Deep North -

. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .

leaving Sakata on the 25th day of the 6th lunar month 6月25日

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- - - Station 33 - Echigo 越後路 - - -

After lingering in Sakata for several days, I left on a long walk of a hundred and thirty miles to the capital of the province of Kaga. As I looked up at the clouds gathering around the mountains of the Hokuriku road, the thought of the great distance awaiting me almost overwhelmed my heart. Driving myself all the time, however, I entered the province of Echigo through the barrier-gate of Nezu, and arrived at the barrier-gate of Ichiburi in the province of Ecchu. During the nine days I needed for this trip, I could not write very much, what with the heat and moisture, and my old complaint that pestered me immeasurably.

The night looks different
Already on July the sixth,
For tomorrow, once a year
The weaver meets her lover.

The great Milky Way
Spans in a single arch
The billow-crested sea,
Falling on Sado beyond.


Tr. by Nobuyuki Yuasa

days
According to Sora they arrived in Sakata on 6.13. On the 15th, 16th, and 17th they went to Kisagata, returning to Sakata on the 18th. From then until they departed on the 25th they had poetry gatherings with Terajima Takejo　寺島彦助 （Hikosuke) and Ito Genju (Fukyoku).

Nezu
The barrier gate at Nezu is also spelled with the characters for 'Nenju' meaning 'rosary.' This barrier is located on the border between Dewa and Echigo. It is one of the three major barrier gates of the north.

source : terebess.hu/english


酒田の余波日を重て、北陸道の雲に望、遥々のおもひ胸をいたましめて加賀の府まで百卅里と聞。鼠の関をこゆれば、越後の地に歩行を改て、越中の国一ぶりの関に到る。此間九日、暑湿の労に神をなやまし、病おこりて事をしるさず。

文月や六日も常の夜には似ず - fumizuki ya muika mo tsune no yo ni wa nizu

荒海や佐渡によこたふ天河 - araumi ya Sado ni yokotau amanogawa


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In his separate diary Basho wrote :
7月8日 - 8th day of the 7th lunar month

"The rain had stopped. I wanted to leave but Saritsu 左栗 invited me eagerly so I stayed for lunch. Around 3 in the afternoon, we reached Echigo Takada. I wanted to visit Ikeda Saemon 池田六左衛門, but he was not available, so we rested at a temple. Since we had an invitation from Hosokwaa Shun-An, we went there and had a haiku meeting.


薬欄にいづれの花を草枕
. yakuran ni izure no hana o kusamakura .
Written on the 8th day of the 7th lunar month.

for Hosokawa Shunan 細川春庵, Shun-An, haiku name Toosetsu 棟雪 Tosetsu
a doctor in Echigo Takada 越後高田.
Shun-An is also known as Hosokawa Shooan 細川昌庵 Shoan, Sho-An.
Basho seems to have stayed with Shun-An for three nights.



7月11日: Leaving Takada 高田を出立.

7月12日: Leaving Noomachi 能生町出発 Nomachi.

- Reference : itoyo/basho

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quote
araumi ya Sado ni yokotau amanogawa

This must be the masterpiece of three-dimensional haiku with bipolar structure. That is, Sado connects the wild sea (Earth) and the Milky Way (outer space) to demonstrate an extensive perspective, or three-dimensional field.

The Milky Way (according to an ancient legend associated with Star Festival) excites pity for the Altair-Vega couple. They can meet only once a year at the time of the Star Festival called Tanabata in East Asia. Sado recalls the sadness of noble people who were exiled there, such as the famous Noh-dancer Zeami or Saint Nichiren (Buddhist). The violent sound of wind-whipped sea arouses great fear in readers. 　

The images of the Milky Way, Sado and wild sea work in synergy to induce readers to feel hopeless sorrow. Those who are familiar with European history may recall Saint Helena, and the exiled Napoléon Bonaparte, to strengthen their interpretation. The haiku can be interpreted adequately without knowledge of the Star Festival of Tanabata.

Araumi ya: ... wild sea
Sado ni yokotau: ... stretching to Sado Isle
Amanogawa: ... the River in the Sky (Milky Way (literally)

Susumu Takiguchi





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quote
Bashō left a prose piece about Sado island,
twenty or so miles off the Japan Sea Coast in Niigata:

From the place called Izumozaki　出雲崎 in Echigo, Sado Island is eighteen li away on the sea. With cragginess of its valleys and peaks clearly visible, it lies on the side in the sea, thirty-odd li from east to west. Light mists of early fall not rising yet, and the waves not high, I feel as if I could touch it with my hand. ... from past to present, a place of exile for felons and traitors, [Sado Island] has become a distressing name.
As the evening moon sets, the surface of the sea becomes quite dark. The shapes of the mountains are still visible through the clouds, and the sound of waves is saddening.
source : Utamakura: Storied Places - Dennis Kawaharada

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The translation of Amanogawa, ama no kawa, (river of heaven) might lead to the notion that Basho used a self-made metaphor to discribe this heavenly phenomenon, but he did in fact not, he just used the common and normal Japanese word for "Milky Way".

With the introduction of the milky way in a haiku about this day of this festival, Basho also might have built a bridge to the next festival of the souls, O-Bon.
Kigo can thus work like the pearls of a rosary to bind together the associations of a Japanese reader.

Calendar Systems, Asian Lunar Calendar


荒海や佐渡によこたふ天の川
araumi ya Sado ni yokotau amanogawa

O'er wild ocean spray,
All the way to Sado Isle
Spreads the Milky Way
Tr. Dorothy Britton


How rough the sea!
And, stretching off to Sado Isle,
The Galaxy . . .
Tr. Henderson


rough sea/ over Sado Island/ milky way
http://www.worldhaikureview.org/3-1/vintage_tsubaki.shtml


a wild sea -
stretching to Sado Isle
the Milky Way
Tr. Haruo Shirane
By drawing on Sado's historical associations, Basho was able to infuse the landscape (kei) with a particular emotion or sentiment (joo), to view the landscape through the eyes of the past, as he did at utamakura. Sado, an island across the water from Izumosaki (Izumo Point) was known for its long history of political exiles: Emperor Juntoku, Nichiren, Mongaku, Zeami and others.
source :　books.google.co.jp


Turbulent the sea—
across to Sado stretches
the Milky Way
http://carlsensei.com/classical/index.php/author/view/1


More translations :
- Reference - amanogawa -


araumi ya Sado ni yokotau amanogawa

This haiku has the cut marker YA at the end of line 1.
With the reverse structure of Japanese language, lines 2 and 3 can be translated as

the Milky Way
stretches to Sado

The scene seems to be pure shasei, Basho just telling us what he has seen from the beach. And yet . .


quote 　　
"Basho was standing on the western shores of Japan looking out upon the night sea . . . Miles away, lay Sado Island . . . a place where numerous people endured the enforced solitude of exile. Stretching out across the sky was the Milky Way (Heaven's River).
"As a metaphorical river, it flows in internal tranquility above the storms of the sea and of human life, sparkling with a scattered brightness, more pure than gold.
Basho, the island, and everything on earth seem to be alone yet together under the stream of stars. Over the storm is silence; above the movement is a stillness that somehow suggests the flow of the river and of time; and piercing the darkness is the shimmering but faint light of stars."

Basho's Haiku: Selected Poems of Matsuo Basho,
source : David Landis Barnhill

. WKD : Tanabata 七夕 the Star Festival .


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- - - - - From the diary of Sora, written by Basho

小鯛挿す柳涼しや海士が家　
. http://matsuobasho-wkd.blogspot.jp/2012/06/ama-divers.html .
ama no tsuma 海士が妻 a fisherman’s wife


熊坂がゆかりやいつの玉祭
. Kumasaka ga yukari ya itsu no tama matsuri .
remembering the famous robber 熊坂長範 Kumasaka Chohan


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