Nara and Basho

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- Nara 奈良 ancient capital of Japan -

The town is famous for its many temples and shrines and the sacred deer, which roam the city freely.




いにしへの奈良の都の八重桜
今日九重に匂ひぬるかな

Inishie no Nara no miyako no Yae-zakura
Kyo kokonoe ni Nioi nuru kana

Eight-fold cherry flowers
That at Nara--ancient seat
Of our state--have bloomed,
In our nine-fold palace court
Shed their sweet perfume today.

61 - Lady Ise no Osuke 伊勢大輔

. WKD : Nara 奈良 the ancient capital .


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source :　itoyo/basho



菊の香や奈良には古き仏たち
kiku no ka ya Nara ni wa furuki hotoketachi

fragrance of chrysanthemums -
in Nara there are so many
old Buddha statues

This was written on the ninth day of the nineth lunar month, the festival of the chrysanthemums.
It shows a peaceful scene of the gentle faces of the Buddhas and the lovely fragrance of the chrysanthemums.



菊の香や奈良は幾代の男ぶり
kiku no ka ya Nara wa ikuyo no otokoburi

fragrance of chrysanthemums -
the manly attitude of so many
men in Nara


. Chrysanthemum Festival (chooyoo 重陽) double nine .



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奈良七重七堂伽藍八重ざくら
Nara nanae shichi doo garan yae-zakura

the seven buildings
of the temples in Nara -
double cherry blossoms

Written in spring of 1684 貞亨元年, Basho age 41 or later.

Here Basho contrasts the number seven for the temple buildings with the number eight (八 meaning many) for the cherry blossoms.


The "Seven halls of a temple compound" 七堂 were different in Nara

Kondoo 金堂 Golden Hall
Koodoo 講堂 Lecture Hall
Too 塔 Pagoda
Shooroo 鐘楼 Bell tower
Kyoozoo 経蔵 Sutra Hall
Shokudoo 食堂 /中門）Hall for Eating
Sooboo 僧坊 living quarters for the monks

There is also a waka by Ise no Oosuke - Taifu 伊勢大輔
a poet of the Heian period

いにしへの奈良の都の八重桜けふ
九重ににほいぬるかな

Inishie no Nara no miyako no yae-zakura
kyo kokonoe ni nioi nuru kana

The double cherry blossoms are smelling sweet in bloom today in the imperial Court in Kyoto (Heian) as well as long ago in the ancient capital in Nara.


. Matsuo Basho visiting Temples .


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source :　itoyo/basho

- - - Departing from old friends at Nara

鹿の角まづ一節の別れかな
shika no tsuno mazu hito fushi no wakare kana

deer horns
developing their first branch:
our separation
Tr. Barnhill

This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.

Basho had met with some disciples from Iga Uneo: Ensui 猿雖, Kasaya Ichibei 卓袋, Baiken 梅軒, 梨雪 and 示蜂.

. Oi no Kobumi 笈の小文 .

MORE - about wakare, parting with friends -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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菊に出て奈良と難波は宵月夜　
菊に出でて奈良と難波は宵月夜
kiku ni dete Nara to Naniwa wa yoizukiyo

with chrysanthemums
I left Nara and in Naniwa too
a crescent moon at night
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in 元禄七年, Basho age 51

"When I left Nara it was time for the Chrysanthemums, but now as I reach Naniwa, it is time for the beginning of the autum moon season."

MORE - hokku about Naniwa - now Osaka
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .



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侘びてすめ月侘斎が奈良茶歌　
侘びて澄め月侘斎が奈良茶歌
. wabite sume tsuki wabisai ga naracha uta .

Live poor! be bright!
Moongazer sings
a song of Nara gruel
Tr. Haruo Shirane

Written in 延宝9年, Basho age 38


. Narachagayu 奈良茶粥 Basho and Haikai .


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. WKD : Nara, 奈良 the ancient capital .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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RRR

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- R R R -

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. rakugaki no koishiki kimi ga na mo arite .
among the graffiti . . . 落書


- - - - - . ran, ran no ka 蘭の香 Japanese orchids and their fragrance . * - - - - -

. ran no ka ya choo no tsubasa ni takimono su .
(autumn) fragrance of orchids. butterfly's wings. incense

- - - - -


- - - - - . Rashoomon 羅生門 Rashomon Gate, Kyoto . * - - - - -



- - . Renku 連句 renga 連歌 Linked Verse . - -



. robiraki ya sakan oi yuku bin no shimo . 炉開き *
(winter) "opening the hearth". plasterer getting old. white hair at the temples



. rokugatsu ya mine ni kumo oku Arashiyama .
(summer) sixth lunar month, at Arashiyama 嵐山, Kyoto


. ro no koe nami o utte harawata kooru yo ya namida .
艪の声波を打って腸凍る夜や涙
(winter) freezing. oar hitting waves. my tears at night


- - - - - . roosaibushi, rōsaibushi 弄斎節 rosai-bushi, Rosai song . * - - - - -



- - - - - . - rusu 留守 nobody at home - . - - - - -

. rusu ni kite ume sae yoso no kakiho kana .
(spring) plum blossoms. you were out. beyond the hedge

. rusu no ma ni aretaru kami no ochiba kana .
(winter) gods are absent. desolate among the fallen leaves

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. ryoo no te ni momo to sakura ya kusa no mochi .
(spring) kusamochi rice cakes. both hands. peach. cherry blossoms




- - - - - . ryuu, ryoo, tatsu　竜　/ 龍 dragon, dragons ###. - - - - -

. ryuuguu mo kyoo no shioji ya doyoo boshi .
(summer) airing during the dog days. dragon palace. tide way
- the legend of Urashima Taro and the Dragon Palace


. ryuumon no hana ya joogo no tsuto ni sen .
(summer) Dragon Gate waterfall. drinking companion. souvenir.
- in memory of the Chinese poet Li Po, Li Bo, Li Bai 李白


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Oku Station 18 - Sendai

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- Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - おくのほそ道
The Narrow Road to the Deep North -

. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .

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- - - Station 18 - Sendai 仙台 - - -

Crossing the River Natori, I entered the city of Sendai on May the fourth, the day we customarily throw fresh leaves of iris on the roof and pray for good health. I found an inn, and decided to stay there for several days. There was in this city a painter named Kaemon. I made special efforts to meet him, for he was reputed to be a man with a truly artistic mind. One day he took me to various places of interest which I might have missed but for his assistance. We first went to the plain of Miyagino, where fields of bush-clover were waiting to blossom in autumn. The hills of Tamada, Yokono, and Tsutsuji-ga-oka were covered with white rhododendrons in bloom. Then we went into the dark pine woods called Konoshita where even the beams of the sun could not penetrate. This darkest spot on the earth had often been the subject of poetry because of its dewiness - for example, one poet says that his lord needs an umbrella to protect him from the drops of dew when he enters it.

We also stopped at the shrines of Yakushido and Tenjin on our way home.

When the time came for us to say good-bye, this painter gave me his own drawings of Matsushima and Shiogama and two pairs of straw sandals with laces dyed in the deep blue of the iris. In this last appears most clearly perhaps the true artistic nature of this man.

It looks as if
Iris flowers had bloomed
On my feet --
Sandals laced in blue.


Tr. by Nobuyuki Yuasa
source : terebess.hu/english


名取川を渡て仙台に入。あやめふく日也。旅宿をもとめて四五日逗留す。爰に 画工加衛門と云ものあり。聊心ある者と聞て知る人になる。この者年比さだかならぬ名 ところを考置侍ればとて、一日案内す。宮城野の萩茂りあひて、秋の景色思ひやらるゝ。玉田よこ野つゝじが岡はあせび咲ころ也。日影ももらぬ松の林に入て爰を木の下と云とぞ。昔もかく露ふかければこそ、みさぶらひみかさとはよみたれ。薬師堂天神の御社など拝て、其日はくれぬ。猶、松嶋塩がまの所〃画に書て送る。且、紺の染緒つけたる草鞋二足餞す。さればこそ風流のしれもの、爰に至りて其実を顕す。

あやめ艸足に結ん草鞋の緒 ayamegusa ashi ni musuban waraji no o


gakoo Kae'mon 画工加衛門 the painter Kaemon / 画工加右衛門 (がこうかえもん) painter Kaemon


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In 1689 Matsuo Basho (松尾芭蕉) crossed the Natori River and entered Sendai, Miyagi on ‘ The Narrow Road to Oku.’ It was the day they celebrate by converting their roofs with ‘Sweet flags’, or Calami’ (あやめ). He visited there around the time of the Sweet Flags Festival (あやめの節句)(5th day of Fifth Month, also called the Boy’s Festival), when sweet flags were displayed on the eaves of houses to drive away evil spirits, or they took “Shobuyu, or 菖蒲湯 (bath with floating sweet flag leaves)” baths. The leaves keep mosquitoes and snakes away with strong fragrance. As the strong fragrance was believed to drive away bad air, people began to take baths with sweet flag leaves.
Furthermore, the plant ‘Sweet Flag’ was believed to be a symbol of the samurai’s bravery because of its sharp sword-like leaves. Even now many families with young boys enjoy “Sweet Flag Bath(shobu yu)” in the Boy’s Festival on May 5.
source : Akita Haiku



ayamegusa ashi ni musuban waraji no o

irises in bloom
let me tie around my feet
the cords of the sandals
Tr. cirje/research


I will bind iris
Blossoms round my feet―
Cords for my sandals!
Tr. Keene


I shall tie
irises to my feet -
sandal thongs

Grass of the sweet flag -
I shall use them to tie
my straw sandals
Tr. Shirane


. WKD : iris, Ayame .


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quote
In Sendai ... he hoped to meet Michikaze (1649 - 1707), a prominent haikai master who had developed a considerable following in the area, but Michikaze was absent, leaving only Kae'mon (d. 1765), one of Michikaze's disciples, who appears .. as the eccentric painter.
- Shirane, Traces of Dreams, p. 250
source : books.google.co.jp



「おくのほそ道」と仙台
source : www.bashouan.com - Sendai

- - - - -


On the 8th day of the 5th lunar month 5月8日 Basho left Sendai and arrived in Shiogama around 3 in the afternoon.　After eating some rice 茶漬け he visited some of the famous places of the town, like Sue no Matsuyama.
Next morining he was back in Sendai at the home of Kaemon 加右衛門.

. Basho at Tsubo no Ishibumi 壺の碑 .


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quote
Like fûga, fûryû is one of many Chinese-origin words Bashô uses frequently in his work. In “Sansei zu san” (Eulogy on the painting of the Three Sages), a short haibun piece written in his later years, he writes:
“A person who puts his whole heart into fûryû and harmonizes himself with the four seasons would find the things worthy of verse as inexhaustible as the grains of sand on the beach.”

In this passage, fûryû seems to refer to poetry in general and is almost interchangeable with fûga. More often, however, Bashô uses fûryû to describe a quality or taste that is closely associated with the life and spirit of a recluse/wayfarer.
In Oku no hosomichi, for example, Bashô writes about his visit to a painter at Sendai. He tells us that when the time came for him to leave, the painter gave him some drawings and two pairs of straw sandals with their laces dyed deep blue. Bashô comments on the sandals:
“It was with the last gifts that he demonstrated most clearly his character as a connoisseur of fûryû.”

It is noteworthy here that the poet does not pay much attention to the beautiful drawings of famous landscapes, but rather stresses the artist’s taste of fûryû as demonstrated in the sandals he gave to the traveler, objects that are often associated with rusticity and a wayfarer’s life. The interesting example above reveals that the taste and lifestyle of a recluse/traveler was a basic element of Bashô’s fûryû.

source : Basho-and-the-Dao - Peipei-Qiu

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BACK TO
. Oku no Hosomichi - 奥の細道 - Introduction .


. Matsukawa Daruma from Sendai 仙台の松川だるま .


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Ise Shrine

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- Ise Jinguu　伊勢神宮 Grand Shrine at Ise -

a Shinto shrine dedicated to goddess Amaterasu-ōmikami, located in the city of Ise in Mie prefecture, Japan. Officially known simply as Jingū (神宮), Ise Jingū is in fact a shrine complex composed of a large number of Shinto shrines centered on two main shrines, the Gekū (外宮) "Outer Shrine, Geku" and about 6 kilometers further, after crossing the sacred bridge, the Naikū (内宮) "Inner Shrine, Naiku".

The Grand Shrine at Ise is closely related to the rice culture of Japan, with its own rice fields for ritual purposes and a "sacred dining hall" for the deities.


There are many kigo related to this shrine complex.
. WKD : Ise Grand Shrine 伊勢神宮 Ise Jingū .




source :　turugamine.com
the sacred sunrise over the bridge


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kigo for mid-autumn

Ise gosenguu 伊勢御遷宮 (いせごせんぐう)
transposition of the shrine's sanctuary
. . . . . gosenguu 御遷宮（ごせんぐう）Gosengu Ceremony

This takes plase every 20 years, started more than 1300 years ago.
The shrine buildings at the Naiku and Geku, as well as the Uji Bridge, are rebuilt every 20 years. This is part of the Shinto belief of the death and renewal of nature and the impermanence of all things (wabi-sabi). It is also an opportunity to pass on building techniques from one generation to the next.
The next rebuilding of Ise Shrine is due in 2013.



玉蘭斎貞秀 (Utagawa Sadahide) (1807 - 1879)


尊さに皆おしあひぬ御遷宮
tootosa ni mina oshi-ainu gosenguu

For holiness,
Everyone has pushed others in the crowd.
The Shrine Removal !
Tr. Oseko

Written on the 13th day of the 9th lunar month in 1689
元禄2年9月13日

After finishing his travels in Oku, he went to see this ceremony at the Grand Shrine at Ise.
One ceremony of the Inner Shrine had already ended on the 10th day of the 9th lunar month, but he was able to see the one of the Outer Shrine on the 13th day.



- tootoi とうとい尊い / 貴い holy, noble respectful -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .



The 62nd Jingu Shikinen Sengu in 2013 伊勢式年遷宮
- - - Details
. WKD : Jingu Shikinen Sengu in 2013 .


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- - - - - Shinto and Buddhism - - - - -


. kamigaki 神垣 fence of a Shinto shrine .
"Fence of the Gods", sacred fence - igaki 斎垣 / tamagaki 玉垣 / mizugaki 瑞垣



Priests passing the "Fence of the Gods" to the inner shrine.


神垣やおもひもかけず涅槃像
kamigaki ya omoi mo kakezu Nehanzoo

the fence of this shrine -
what a surprise to find
Buddha lying down to die
Tr. Gabi Greve






涅槃会や皺手合する数珠の音
Nehan-e ya shiwade awasuru juzu no oto

Nehan Ceremony -
wrinkled hands in prayer and
the sound of rosary beads
Tr. Gabi Greve

This hokku was probably written on the 15th day of the second lunar month, the ceremony for the Nehan Buddha. 元禄7年2月15日
in 1694, shortly before Basho's death in October of this year.

There is another ceremony for Buddha
kanbutsu-e 灌仏会 Buddha's Birthday Celebration
on the 8th day of the 4th lunar month.


Written at Shrine Ise Jingu 伊勢神宮 　
During the Edo period, the distinction between Buddhist temple and Shinto shrine was not so distinct and many religious places housed both.



. WKD : Nehan-E 涅槃会 Nirvana Ceremony .

. WKD : Kanbutsu-e 潅仏会 Buddha's Birthday .


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門に入れば蘇鉄に蘭のにほひ哉
mon ni ireba sotetsu ni ran no nioi kana

when I enter the gate
there are sago palms and
the fragrance of orchids . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in autumn of 1689 元禄2年秋, visiting Ise shrine after the trip to Hosomichi.
This hokku had the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.
From Oi Nikki 笈日記

At the temple 守栄院 Shuei-In in Ise. This temple does not exist any more, it has become part of Hoojuu In 法住院 Hoju-In.
The Sotetsu does not have any fragrance.


. sotetsu no hana 蘇鉄の花 cycad blossoms .
..... goshamenbana ご赦免花（ごしゃめんばな）
Cycas revoluta, Japanese sago palm
kigo for late summer




. Oi no Kobumi 笈の小文 1688 .



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Nozarashi Kiko 　野ざらし紀行　 / 外宮

- - - - - Basho wrote, 1684 :

I visited Mutsubaya Fuubaku in Ise, resting my feet for about ten days.
As night came on, I worshipped at the Outer Shrine. With shadows draped across the First Torii and sacred lanterns lit here and there, the "pine wind from the high peak" pierced my flesh and struck deep into my heart


三十日月なし千年の杉を抱く嵐
misokatsuki nashi sennen no sugi o idaku arashi

month's end, no moon:
a thousand year old cedar
embraced by a windstorm
Tr. Barnhill


Basho draws on a poem by monk Saigyo:

深く入りて神路の奥を尋ぬれば
又うへもなき峰の松風

fukaku irite kamiji no oko o tazunureba
mata ue mo naki mine no matsukaze

Entering deeply,
searching out the depth
of the pathway of the gods:
high above, over all
a mountain peak with pine wind
Tr. Barnhill



moonless night . . .
a powerful wind embraces
the ancient cedars
Tr. ? on tumblr




The cedars are used for the rebuilding of the shrine every 20 years.
Old pillars are re-used for the torii gate (see image above).
The stems used for the torii are then re-used for small amulets for the visitors.
This is a complete recycling attitude since olden times.


. Basho and Saigyo 芭蕉　-　西行 .


Matsubaya Fuubaku 松葉屋風瀑 Fubaku is his haiku name.
Matsuba Shichiroo Tayuu 松葉七郎大夫
Basho knew Fubaku from his time in Edo at the store Iseya 伊勢屋, where he had also met the father of Fubaku, 正親.





伊勢神宮参詣、西行谷、茶店にて
Matsubaya Fuubaku まつばやふうばく。
蕉門。伊勢国、宇治山田大世古町の人で、伊勢神宮の年寄師職家。江戸の出店で諸俳人と交流。
「一楼賦」(貞享二年刊)、「丙寅紀行」(貞享三年刊)を編著。

芭蕉は「野ざらし紀行」に旅立つ二ヶ月ほど前の貞享元年六月中旬、江戸から伊勢に帰る風瀑に「風瀑を餞別す　忘れずば佐夜の中山にて涼め(歌枕の佐夜の中山の峠を越える時、当地を詠んだ古歌を思い出しましたら、一涼みしながら一句捻ってみなさい)」の餞別句を送っている。
source : bashouan.com


忘れずば佐夜の中山にて涼め
. wasurezuba Sayo no Nakayama nite suzume .
Basho wrote this, when Fubaku left Edo and went back to Ise in 1684.


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Other hokku Basho wrote during that trip to Ise


芋洗ふ女西行ならば歌よまむ
. imo arau onna Saigyoo naraba uta yoman .

At Saigyoo tani 西行谷 Saigyō Valley
remembering Priest Saigyo 西行


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蘭の香や蝶の翅に薫物す
蘭の香やてふの翅にたき物す
. ran no ka ya choo no tsubasa ni takimono su .

A lady at the tea shop had asked him to write a hokku including her name,
Cho 蝶 Lady Butterfly. 茶店の女主人「てふ」


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蔦植て竹四五本のあらし哉
. tsuta uete take shi go hon no arashi kana .

for poet Roboku 廬牧 (1628–1706)


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. Oi no Kobumi 笈の小文 1688 .



何の木の花とはしらず匂かな
. nani no ki no hana to wa shirazu nioi kana .

At Ise Yamada 伊勢山田
Written on the 4th day of the second lunar month, 貞亨5年2月4日
After visiting the outer shrine at Ise.



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source :　www.isekitamikado.com
MIKO 中世の巫女(みこ)



御子良子の一本ゆかし梅の花　
okorago no hitomoto yukashi ume no hana

the shrine maidens
with just one lone tree
of plum blossoms
Tr. Gabi Greve



In 蕉翁全伝附録 Basho wrote:

梅稀に一もとゆかし子良の舘
ume mare ni hito moto yukashi kora no tachi

plums are scarce
but just one to enjoy -
hall of the shrine maidens
Tr. Gabi Greve


okoraago 御子良子 Okorago shrine maiden

These Shrine maidens (kora 良子) bring the food offerings (shinsen 神饌) to the Gods.
They were 30 virgins, usually members of the nobility, which served the gods and performed ritual kagura dances.
They live in special quarters (tachi 舘).


. shinsen 神饌 Shinto- Food offerings .



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Grave of Arakida Moritake 荒木田守武


秋の風伊勢の墓原なほ凄し
aki no kaze Ise no hakahara nao sugoshi

wind of autumn
the graveyard at Ise
now even more dreadful
Tr. Gabi Greve


Written in 1689 元禄2年9月 Basho age 46
Basho at the graveyard of priest Arakida 荒木田神主墓所.
sugoshi, sugoi, is a very strong emotional expression.

Arakida 荒木田 is the name of the priest family caring for Ise shrine.
This is the Arakida family graveyard.
Arakida Moritake 荒木田守武 (1473 - 1549) was a famous waka and haikai poet.

. WKD : Arakida Moritake 荒木田守武 .



There is a waka by Saigyo 西行, using SUGOKI

吹きわたす風にあはれをひとしめて
いづくもすごき秋の夕暮

fukiwatasu kaze ni aware o hitoshimete
izuku mo sugoki aki no yuugure


. Basho and Saigyo 芭蕉　-　西行 .


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Just one plum tree



source : teacup.com/yotchan


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Basho and the Power Spots at Ise



松尾芭蕉と伊勢参宮
source : www.isekitamikado.com


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Horai sweet for the New Year

蓬莱に聞かばや伊勢の初便り　
. hoorai ni kikaba ya Ise no hatsudayori .


Written on the first day of 1694 元禄7年元旦
This was most probably the New Year greeting poem to be published soon.
1694 is the last year in the life of Basho, he died in winter of this year.
In his wandering mind, he envisaged an auspicious trip to Ise.


. Basho visiting temple and Mount Horaijisan in 1691 鳳来寺山 .


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. WKD : Ise Grand Shrine 伊勢神宮 Ise Jingū .

. miko 巫女 shrine maiden, female shrine attendant .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .



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MMM

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- M M M -

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. - Medicine, Illness, Doctors - and Basho - .


. Monk, monks and priests 僧 sō, soo .


. - Moto no Mizu もとの水 - 句集 -　A Hokku Collection attributed to Basho in 1787 - .


. - mu 無 emptiness - nothingness - .


. Museums 記念館 Kinenkan in honor of Basho .



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. machi ishi ya yashikigata yori koma mukae . machi-ishi 町医師 *
(autumn) picking up the horses. from a samurai mansion. doctor of the town.



. madonari ni hirune no dai ya takamushiro .
(summer) mat from woven bamboo. sleeping platform by the window


. Mafukuda ga hakama yosou ka tsukuzukushi .
(spring) horsetail. Priest Mafukuda. hakama trousers to wear


- - - - - . maki-e　蒔絵 laquer paintings ### . - - - - -


- - - - - . - makura 草枕 pillow - kusamakura 草枕 pillow stuffed with grass ### . - - - - -
pillow of a traveller



- - - - - . makuwa uri 真桑瓜 Makuwa melon . * - - - - -


- - - - - . manzai 万歳 Manzai performance . * - - - - -


- - - - - . masu 枡　 measuring box . * - - - - -
- - - . masu 升　container for ritual sake . - - - - -

. masu katte funbetsu kawaru tsukimi kana .
(autumn) moon viewing. I bought a measuring box / (masu koote, masu kōte)





. mata koemu Sayo no Nakayama hatsugatsuo .
(summer) first skipjack katsuo bonito. Sayo no Nakayama pass. to cross again

. mata ya tagui Nagara no kawa no ayu namasu .
(summer) Ayu sweetfish. river Nagaragawa, vinegar-pickled fish. once again


. matsu hana ya Toozaburoo ga Yoshinoyama .
(spring) cherry blossoms. shakuhachi player Gichiku 宜竹 Tozaburo. Mount Yoshino


. Matsushima ya aa Matsushima ya Matushima ya .
- famous poem by 狂歌師田原坊 Tawara Bo, often attributed to Basho




- - - - - . - matsu 松 the pine tree - . - - - - -

. matsukaze no ochiba ka mizu no oto suzushi .
(summer) coolness. wind in the pines. sound of water

. matsukaze ya noki o megutte aki kurenu .
(autumn) autumn ends. wind in the pines. swirling around the eaves

. matsu sugi o homete ya kaze no kaoru oto .
- (matsusugi)
(summer) fragrant breeze, sound, pines. Shigure no Matsu 時雨の松
planted by Fujiwara no Sadaie


- - - - - . matsukazari 松飾り "pine decroation" * . - - - - -


. matsutake ya kabureta hodo wa matsu no nari .
(autumn), Matsutake mushroom. ragged. like a pine

. matsutake ya shiranu ko-no-ha no nebaritsuku .
(autumn), Matsutake mushroom. unknown leaf. sticking to it

- - - - -




. mayuhaki o omokage ni shite beni no hana .
(summer) safflower. reminiscent of eyebrow brushes 眉刷毛　



. - - - - - mazu まづ first of all - - - - - .

. mazu iwae ume o kokoro no fuyu-gomori / fuyugomori .
(winter) winter seclusion. celebrating. plum blossoms

. mazu shiru ya Gichiku ga take ni hana no yuki .
(spring) cherry blossoms. shakuhachi player Gichiku 宜竹 Tozaburo.

. mazu tanomu shii no ki mo ari natsu kodachi .
(summer) summer grove. to count on. pasania oak tree

- - - - -


. medetaki hito no kazu ni mo iran oi no kure .
(winter) end of the year. old age. I belong to the lucky one's


- - - - - . meido めいど / 冥土 / 冥途 nether world, world of the dead . * - - - - -


- - - - - . - meigetsu 名月 harvest moon - . - - - - -

. meigetsu ni fumoto no kiri ya ta no kumori .
- fog at the mountain foot

. meigetsu no hana ka to miete wata-batake .
- cotton fields

. meigetsu no midokoro towan tabine sen .
(autumn) moon. let us travel together to see the autumn moon - at Fukui

. meigetsu wa futatsu sugite mo Seta no tsuki .
(autumn) moon. for a second time. moon of Seta

. meigetsu ya chigotachi narabu doo no en .
(autumn) moon. temple acolytes

. meigetsu ya Hokkoku biyori sadame naki .
(autumn) moon. weather in the Northern Region (Tsuruga). uncertain

. meigetsu ya ike o megurite yo mo sugara . yomosugara
(autumn) moon. pond, night

. meigetsu ya mon ni sashi kuru shiogashira .
(autumn) moon. my gate. rising tide

. meigetsu ya tsuru hagi takaki too higata .
(autumn) moon. lower legs of cranes. far tidal flats

. meigetsu ya umi ni mukaeba nana Komachi .
(autumn) moon. the sea.
- remembering the Heian-beauty Ono no Komachi 小野 小町

- - - - -



. - - - - - MELON 瓜 uri - - - - - .



- - - - - . men 面　- 能面 Noh mask . * - - - - -



. me ni kakaru toki ya kotosara satsuki Fuji . .
(spring) azalea. Mount Fuji to be seen



. me ni nokoru Yoshino o Seta no hotaru kana .
(summer) fireflies from Seta, Lake Biwa. Yoshino


. meoto jika ya ke ni ke ga soroute ke muzukashi .
(autumn) deer. being difficult. same fur.


. meshi augu kaka ga chisoo ya yuu suzumi .
(summer) evening cool. boiled rice as a treat. old lady or wife


. mezurashi ya yama o Dewa no hatsu nasubi .
(summer) Minden eggplants from Dewa, How special!




- - - - - michi　道 road - - - - -

. michi hososhi sumotorigusa no hana no tsuyu .
(autumn) wire grass. road. dew

. michinobe no mukuge wa uma ni kuwarekeri .
(autumn) rose of sharon. roadside. eaten by a horse

- - - - -



. Mii-dera no mon tatakaba ya kyoo no tsuki .
(autumn) moon, temple Mii-dera　三井寺.to knock




. mikazuki ni chi wa oboro ya soba no hana .
(autumn) buckwheat blossoms. moon
. . . almost the same as
. mikazuki no chi wa oboro nari soba no hana .
(autumn) buckwheat blossoms. moon
三日月に地は朧なり蕎麦の花 mikazuki ni
三日月の地はおぼろ也蕎麦の花 mikazuki no
三日月や地はおぼろなる蕎麦畠 mikazuki ya chi wa oboro naru soba batake



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. mina idete hashi o itadaku shimoji kana .
(winter) frosty road. all come out to enjoy the new bridge

. mina ogame Futami no shime o toshi no kure .
(winter) end of the year. please all, worship this ! the sacred rope of Futamigaura Beach


- - - - -


. minazuki wa fukubyoo yami no atsusa kana .
(summer) Minazuki sixth lunar month (July). great heat, time for stomach illness

. minazuki ya tai wa aredomo shiokujira .
(summer) Minazuki sixth lunar month (July). sea bream. salted whale meat

- - - - -


. mi ni shimite daikon karashi aki no kaze .
(autumn) autumn wind. penetrates my body. pungent radish



- - - - - . mino 蓑 straw raincoat . * - - - - -


. minomushi no ne o kiki ni koyo kusa no io .
(autumn) voice of the bagworm. grass hut /　蓑虫 *



. miokuri no ushiro ya sabishi aki no kaze .
(autumn) autumn wind. I see you off. lonely. (for Okada Yasui 岡田野水)



. miru ni ga mo oreru bakari zo ominaeshi .
(autumn) maiden flower (Patrinia scabiosaefolia). I will also break my vows.
(remembering Soojoo Henjoo 僧正遍照 Sojo Henjo)



- - - - - . misogi 御祓 summer purification . * - - - - -



. misokazuki nashi chitose no sugi o daku arashi .
(autumn) no moon. ancient cedar. storm (at Ise shrine)


. miyamori yo waga na o chirase konohagawa . - miyamori 宮守 * / miyamori yo waga na o chirase ochibagawa
(winter) fallen leaves. shrine warden. scatter my name in the river



. mizu no oku himuro tazunuru yanagi kana .
(summer) ice cellar. source of the water. willow trees. (at Ooishida 大石田 Oishida)




- - - - - . mizu no oto - 水の音　the famous OLD POND . - - - - -

. mizu mukete ato toi tamae doomyooji .
(summer) Temple Domyo-Ji cold rice 道明寺. offering water. console the spirit

. mizu samuku ne-iri kanetaru kagome kana .
(winter) cold water and sea gull. it can not go to sleep

. mizutori ya koori no soo no kutsu no oto .
mizutori ya / kōri no sō no / kutsu no oto
(spring) O-Mizutori ceremony, Nara. monks in retreat. sound of wooden clogs

. mizu-umi ya atsusa o oshimu kumo no mine .
(summer) heat. lake (Biwako). billowing clouds



. - Miyako 都 / みやこ / Kyooto 京都 Kyoto, Kyo -　 .



- - - - - . mochi 餅 rice cakes ### . - - - - -

. mochi-bana ya kazashi ni saseru yome ga kimi /mochibana 餅花 . *
(New Year) "mochi flower" decorations. first mouse

. mochi o yume ni ori musubu shida no kusa makura .
(New Year) fern. rice cakes in a dream. grass pillow



. mochiyuki o shira-ito to nasu yanagi kana .
(winter) snow like mochi. white stripes. willow
- - - - -


- - - - - . momi suru 籾する hulling rice, polishing rice . * - - - - -
- - - - - Momi suru Oto 籾する音 The Sound of Hulling Rice



. momo tose no keshiki o niwa no ochiba kana / momotose .
(autumn) fallen leaves. hundred years. landscape. garden



. mon ni ireba sotetsu ni ran no nioi kana .
(autumn) orchid. when I enter the gate. Sotetsu palm. fragrance. (at Ise Shrine)



- - - - - mono 物 something - - - - -

. mono hitotsu waga yo wa karoki hisago kana .
(summer) gourd flowers, just one possession

. monohoshi ya fukuro no uchi no tsuki to hana .
I desire the large sack of Hotei

. mono ieba kuchibiru samushi aki no kaze .
(autumn) autumn wind. my lips are cold. when I speak.

. mono kakite oogi hikisaku nagori kana .
(summer) handfan. I write a poem. to leave things behind
for Tachibana Hokushi 立花北枝


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. mononofu no daikon nigaki hanashi kana .
(winter) radish. samurai gathering. bitter



. moroki hito ni tatoen hana mo natsu no kana .
(summer) summer. wild fields. a delicate child. (For Yasukawa Rakugo 安川落梧 - )



- - - - - . mugi 麦 barley and wheat . - - - - -

. mugimeshi ni yatsururu koi ka neko no tsuma .
(spring) cats in love. wheat gruel. loosing weight

. mugi no ho o tayori ni tsukamu wakare kana .
mugi no ho o chikara ni tsukamu wakare kana
(summer) barley. I clutch to support myself. parting with friends

. mugi no ho ya namida ni somete naku hibari .
(spring) voice of the skylark. ears of barley tinted in tears

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. mugura sae wakaba wa yasashi yabure ie .
(spring) new leaves. Mugura cleavers. a dilapidated house



. mukashi kike Chichibu dono sae sumootori .
(autumn) sumo wrestling. listen to old stories! Lord of Chichibu


- - - - -


. Musashino ya issun hodo na shika no koe .
(autumn) voice of the deer. Musashino plain. reaches about one sun


. Musashino ya sawaru mono naki kimi ga kasa .
(no kigo) Musashino plain. to interfere with your traveler's hat

- - - - -


- - - - - . mushiro 筵 takamushiro 簟　bamboo floor mat to sleep on . - - - - -



. muzan ya na kabuto no shita no kirigirisu .
(autumn) grasshopper. How pityful! helmet. grashopper
in memory of the helmet of Saito Sanemori 斉藤実盛, Tada Shrine


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- - Topics used by Basho

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- Topics and Keywords used by Basho - Thema, Themen -

This is a still growing list. Please come back again.

The main list is here :
. - Cultural Keywords used by Basho - .



From this BLOG, with the lable Z-TOPIC
. Basho Archives - TOPIC entries .


. Basho about Basho - about himself, his own life .


. Business in the name of Basho .


This part is under construction.
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. asagi あさぎ - 浅黄 / 浅葱 hues of light yellow, green and blue .

- aware 哀れ - あわれ　touching, pityful, to feel commpassion -
mono no aware ものの哀れ　the pity / pathos of things


. Child, Children 子供 - abandoned child - sutego 捨子 .

. cloud, clouds 雲 kumo . - hana no kumo 花の雲 - kumo no mine 雲の峰

. cow 牛 ushi .


. dream 　夢　yume .


. Emotions expressed directly .


. first of all まづ mazu .

. Food - regional dishes .

. - Fuji 富士山　Mount Fujisan - .

. fragrance, smell 香 ka . - . koo　香 incense .


. hat, pine-bark hat 笠 kasa .

. horse, horses - uma　馬 -　koma　駒　Pferd - .


. - iza いざ / 感 　Let's Go! Farewell, Good-bye! - .


. 　jiamari　字余り / jitarazu　字足らず .
too much, too little - outside of 5 7 5 - individual meter



. - kami 神 Shinto deities - .


. - kire and kireji 切れ　－　切字　cut and cut markers - .

. - kokoro こころ　－　心　 "heart", mind, soul- .


. let us do this ! xyz せよ　seyo . - giving direct orders -


. life, to be alive 命 inochi .


. - matsu 松 pine tree - .

. Medicine, illness and doctors 薬　- 町医者 .

. - Monk, Priest - 僧 soo, sō - .

. - mu 無 emptiness - nothingness - kyo 虚 emptiness .


. - nagori 余波 - 余韻-　余風　- 余情 - remains, memories, lingering - .


. Names of Persons . - and - gijinka 擬人化 personification


. no gotoku, no gotoshi 　のごとく　 the same as .
(comparing things directly )


. Numbers - one two three - and more .


. One sentence hokku with three segments 5 7 5 .

. Onomatopoetic expressions .



. pillow　- 枕　makura, 草枕 kusamakura .

. Pissing (shooben 小便, bari 尿) pissing - done by humans and animals .


. Places visited, Basho Travelling .


. - rusu 留守 nobody at home - .


. . . . seken 世間 the every-day-world - the floating world .

. shibaraku wa しばらくは for a while - . ###

. Shinto Shrines visited .

. - shirazu, shiranu 知らず/　知らぬ　- I do not know - .

. SLEEPING in various situations .

. sleeve 袖 sode - and kosode 小袖 short-sleeved kimono * .

. sumi 炭 charcoal - Ono-zumi小野 charcoal from Ono and more .


. - TEA, drinking tea, 茶　cha - Tee - .

. tears 涙 namida - to cry 泣くnaku .

. - - - Temples, Buddhist Temples visited .

- tootoi とうとい尊い / 貴い holy, noble respectful -

. Travelling, sleeping on the road 旅 tabi, tabine . ###

. tsue 杖 walking stick, cane. Wanderstock .


. - ukiyo 浮世 floating world - .


. Voice of animals .


. - wakare 別れ　Basho parting with friends　 - . ### - departure, saying "good bye"

. - wasure わすれ the concept of forgetting - .

. Wind - kaze no oto 風の音 the sound of wind - .


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shokumoku gin 嘱目吟 haiku trip whilst paying special attention to things

Basho wrote many in the time from about age 41 to 51.
Basho later formulated this

. Learn from the pine ! . - - - 松の事は松に習え、竹の事は竹に習え


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Horai-San temple

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- Hoorai san 蓬莱山 Mount Horai-San -

One of the three great sacred mountains of Japan. It is 1,174 meters high.

Located in Shiga prefecture, Otsu town. 滋賀県大津市



It is the second-highest mountain of the Hira sanchi 比良山地 Hira Mountain range.
source :　wikipedia


hoorai 蓬莱 Buddhist mountain Horai in China, where people would live forever.
Horaisan 蓬莱山, Horaijima 蓬莱島, a mythical mountain or island of eternal youth.
'Treasure Mountain' or 'Treasure Island'



蓬莱に聞かばや伊勢の初便り　
hoorai ni kikaba ya Ise no hatsudayori
. hoorai kazari 蓬莢飾 Horai-decoration for the New Year .



冬しらぬ宿やもミする音あられ
. fuyu shiranu yado ya momi suru oto arare .
A place with has the atmosphere of the "Holy Horai Mountain" of ancient China.


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Basho at temple Horai-Ji 雲厳山蓬莱寺 in Aichi, Mikawa no Kuni, 新城　Shinshiro town
三河の国蓬莱寺
This temple was under the protection of the Tokugawa Bakufu government.
Basho visited on his trip from Otsu to Edo (Azuma kudari 東下).



source : itoyo/basho
Hooraiji 鳳来寺 Horai-Ji


夜着ひとつ祈り出して旅寝かな
yogi hitotsu inoridashite tabine kana

on Mt. Horai
Due to the blasts of the north wind, it was a cold day. Basho was troubled by his usual illness, stomach ache, and was not able to climb all the way to the top. He may already have turned back after composing his haiku at the Niomon Gate. On top of that, it happened to be the day of the temple’s festival and Basho found that all inns at the foot of the mountain were occupied.

With difficulty, he managed to secure a small room in a dingy place. There was no proper bedding, and Basho felt cold and miserable. Hakusetsu 白雪 ran up the mountain again to one of the sub-temples to borrow a padded kimono for the haiku master to keep warm during the night.
This inspired Basho to the second haiku of that day:

a padded kimono
received by prayer
sleeping on my journey
Tr. and Comment Ad Blankestijn

Written in 1691, 元禄4年10月末

. yogi 夜着 bedtime quilt .



quote
Temple Horai-ji located in Horai-cho, Aichi Prefecture.
The temple was built in 703 by the hermit Rishu. It is sacred to Yakushi-Nyorai and is venerated as a place for curing diseases by many powerful men including Takeda Shingen, a daimyo of the 16th century, and Tokugawa Ieyasu, ruler of Japan early in the 17th century.

The influence of the temple has declined since the mid-19th century, however, when the samurai rule of Japan came to an end, with the result that only the sanctuary, Nio-mon ("Deva King Gate"), bell tower, Okuno-in (inner shrine), Ko-do (small hall), and two small annexes remain today. The approach to the temple features 1,452 stone steps lined with gigantic cedar trees. The remains of the buildings and other structures here remind visitors of the prosperity of bygone days.
source : www.jnto.go.jp/eng



Mount Hooraiji san 鳳来寺山 - 684 m high



LOOK at more photos here :

芭蕉は元禄４年（１６９１年）閏１０月２３日新城在住の太田白雪に案内され、鳳来寺山に登山した。
天野桃隣・各務支考、白雪の子桃先・桃後らがこれに従った。
木枯らしの句は芭蕉がセバイシという所を通った時、即座に詠ぜられたという。
仁王門にさしかかった頃、芭蕉の持病が激しく痛み出した。一行は止むなく下山、麓の家根屋という宿屋に無理に頼んで泊めてもらった。この日は鳳来寺の秋祭りで、どの家も満員だった。あたえられたその部屋は風が吹き抜け布団もお粗末だった。弟子供は夜道を奔走し、やっと山中の一□から、夜着（掛け布団の一種）を１枚借りることが出来た。その時に作られたのが。夜着塚の句であつ□

source : hitotudakenoyama

When Basho visited with his disciples, it was just the time of the Autumn festival and every lodging and home was full with visitors. So they had a hard time to find a lodging for the ill master Basho and getting him some warm bedding for the cold night.

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sugima 杉間 through the pine trees


Basho also wrote the following hokku at this temple

木枯に岩吹きとがる杉間かな
kogarashi ni iwa fukitogaru sugima kana

by this cold gale
the rocks are sharpened
among the cedar trees . . .

元禄4年10月
This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.


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Oota Hakusetsu 太田白雪 Ota Hakusetsu from Mikawa.
太田金左衛門 Ota Kinzaemon was his real name.
(1661 - 1735) - 享保20年(1735)年6月7日
He was born the fourth son of a merchant family, dealing in rice, miso, salt, tea and other things in Shinshiro town 新城. His grandfather and father had already been haikai poets and so he was well instructed already as a boy. He left more than 200 hokku.
He lost all of his family members later in life and died alone at age 75.


source :　www.city.shinshiro.lg.jp

Basho visited the Hakusetsu family in the 10th lunar month of 1691, giving his two boys a special haikai name

the elder brother 重英, age 14, was named Toosen 桃先 Tosen, "Peach the elder"
the younger brother 孝知, age 11, was named Toogoo 桃後 Togo "Peach the younger"


その匂ひ桃より白し水仙花
sono nioi momo yori shiroshi suisenka

this fragrance -
whiter than my peach
are the daffodils
Tr. Gabi Greve

In this poem, momo refers to Basho's own name, Toosei 桃青 Tosei (Green peach), and suisen refers to the two boys, 桃先、桃後 "Peach the elder, Peach the younger".
This poem is a celebration of the naming of the boys and his joy about it, which was shared with the parents of the boys.
peach (singular) for Basho
daffodils (plural) for the two boys



. momoiro suisen 桃色水仙 "peach-colored daffodil" .
kigo for spring

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source :　facebook

Fudo Myo-O near the Mountain Gate of the temple

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. hoorai kazari 蓬莢飾 Horai-decoration .


. - Places visited by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .


............................................................................... Hiroshima 広島県
廿日市市 Hatsukaichi city

蓬莱山 Mount Horaisan
Around 1730, off the island 厳島 Itsukushima, there appeared 蓬莱山 Mound Horaisan in the sea.
It looked like many golden folding screens and shimmered in five colors.
Even a government official came to have a look.




................................................................................. Kyoto 京都府

. Urashima Taro 浦島太郎 .
During the time of the 21st emperor of Japan, Yūryaku 雄略天皇 Yuryaku Tenno (418 - 479) . Urashima Taro went fishing and came to 蓬莱 Horai Island, where he stayed with a princess. More than 347 years had passed before he came back.




................................................................................. Nagano 長野県

. Kyogen performance for 節分 Setsubun rituals .




................................................................................. Niigata 新潟県
佐渡市 Sado city

Sado Island has a strange form and was often called Hyotanjima 瓢箪島 "Island like a gourd".
The local people call it 蓬莱 Horai Island.

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -


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