14/07/2012

kodomo - children

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- kodomo 子供 child, children -

ko 子 child
sutego 捨子 abandoned child
warabe 童部 child

. WKD : kodomo 子供 child, children .


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猿を聞人捨子に秋の風いかに
saru o kiku hito sutego ni aki no kaze ika ni

those who have heard a monkey's cry:
how about this abandoned child
in the autumn wind?
(Tr. Makoto Ueda)


a monkey shriek—
for this abandoned child,
what is the autumn wind like?


or

You who hear the monkey’s cries:
what of an abandoned child
in the autumn wind?

Reference : translations of this haiku


those who listen for the monkeys:
what of this child
in the autumn wind?

Tr. Barnhill
with further discussion of "mono no aware" .


. Nozarashi Kiko  野ざらし紀行 . "Journal of Bleached Bones in a Field"



The story of a mother monkey ready to give her life for her baby is told in a Chinese classic, 世説新語. Shi-shuo Xin-yu.
The book tells the story of a mother monkey who runs along a riverbank following a boat carrying her captured baby. When she reaches the boat she is so exhausted that she dies with her strong emotions of love and longing.

The Japanese proverb danchoo no omoi 断腸の思い , a "bowls-rending thought", is based on this.


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霜を着て風を敷き寝の捨子哉 
shimo o kite kaze o shikine no sutego kana

it wears frost
and has the wind for a blanket,
this abandoned child . . .


Written in 延宝5年, Basho age 34.
Basho did not see an abandoned child.
But he presents the situation as if he was heartbroken (danchoo no omoi 断腸の思い )lit. "a bowles-rending thought".
The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.


This is a parody of a waka poem by Fujiwara Ryookei 良経 Ryokei (1169-1206) .

きりぎりす鳴くや霜夜のさむしろに - 衣かたしきひとりかもねむ

The crickets are singing and the mist is rising on this cool night.
Am I to sleep alone on the sleeve of my kimono on this rough straw mat?

source for waka : www.shigureden.or.jp


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いざ子供走りありかん玉霰
. iza kodomo hashiri arikan tamaarare (tama-arare) .
At a Haikai meeting in Iga Ueno, at the home of 良品 Ryobon.
Maybe Basho is seeing his haikai friends as the "children" and wants to go out with them playing.


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子ども等よ昼顔咲きぬ瓜むかん
. kodomora yo hiragao sakinu uri mukan .
come on, children, I'll peel a melon !

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子に飽くと申す人には花もなし
ko ni aku to moosu hito ni wa hana mo nashi

For one who says,
"I am tired of children,"
there are no blossoms.


When love is absent, cherry blossoms go unappreciated ...

Robert Aitken ... more
source : books.google.co.jp


MORE
. Matsuo Basho - Family Ties .
His Wife ? Jutei-Ni 寿貞尼
His Son ? Jirobei 二郎兵衛
His nephew Tooin 桃印 Toin

The above hokku is (most probably) for the three children of his wife.


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里の子よ梅折り残せ牛の鞭 
sato no ko yo ume orinokose ushi no muchi

hey village kids,
leave some plum branches:
ox whips

Tr. Barnhill

Written in 1687 貞亨4年春, while Basho was living in Edo.

The image might be of a boy leading an ox or a cow, using a branch as a whip.

There is also an earlier version

里の子よ鞭折り残せ梅の花
sato no ko yo muchi ori-nokose ume no hana


. WKD : ume 梅 (うめ) plum (blossom) .
kigo for spring


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賎の子や稲摺りかけて月を見る
. shizu no ko ya ine surikakete tsuki o miru .
children of low folks, farmer's children, peasant children . . .

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月十四日今宵三十九の童部 
tsuki juuyokka koyoi sanjuu ku no warabe

moon on day fourteen -
tonight I am still thirty-nine
and a child


Written in 天和2年, Basho age 39.
Written at a haikai meeting in the village Kuniyamura in Kaii 甲斐國谷村 at the home of Takayama Biji 高山麋塒.

The full moon was on day fifteen of each lunar month. So on day 14 it is still incomplete.
A man was considered a "full man" at age 40. Since Basho was just 39 years of age, he considers himself still a "child".

. 高山繁文 Takayama Shigefumi - Biji 麋塒 .


There is also a famous children's song about the moon:



お月さま幾つ、十三七つ、まだ年ア若い / お月さまなんぼ十三、七つ そりゃまんだ若いな . . .
O-tsuki sama ikutsu sanjuu nanatsu

Mister Moon, how old are you? Thirty-seven? That is still so young. . .

Listen to the song here:
source : www.youtube.com

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mago 孫 grandchildren

祖父親孫の栄えや柿蜜柑
. ooji oya mago no sakae ya kaki mikan .


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- Matsuo Basho - Blessings unto Kasane -


source : unizaru.blog.ocn.ne.jp - cat


. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .
Oku no Hosomichi - Station 6 - Nasu 那須 -

So I mounted the horse and started off, when two small children came running after me. One of them was a girl named kasane, which means manifold. I thought her name was somewhat strange but exceptionally beautiful.

If your name, Kasane,
Means manifold,
How befitting it is also
For a double-flowered pink.

Tr. Yuasa

Sora 曽良

かさねとは八重撫子の名成べし
kasane to wa yae nadeshiko no naru beshi



"Double"
must be another name
for "Eightfold Pink"


. WKD - Nadeshiko - Comment by Ad Blankenstijn .


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quote
- Matsuo Basho - Blessings unto Kasane -
Translations and Commentary by Jeff Robbins
With Assistance from Sakata Shoko

Introduction
In his world famous travel journal Oku no Hosomichi, Basho tells of being lost among the fields of Tochigi in the summer of 1689 and finding a kind, considerate farmer who loans them his horse as a guide – ―When the horse will go no further, just let it return‖. As Basho rides and his traveling companion Sora walks away, the farmer‘s two small children, fascinated to see the strange, funny man riding their daddy‘s workhorse:

(From A Narrow Path in the Heartlands)

Two small persons
come running after the horse,
one a little girl
who says her name is
“Kasane”.


Chisaki mono futari ちいさきものふたり
Uma no ato shitaite hashiru 馬の跡したひてはしる
Hitori wa ko-hime nite ひとりは小娘にて
Na o Kasane to iu 名を「かさね」と云


This is ordinarily not a name, but rather a word for - "to pile up in layers, one on top of another".
Furthermore, in the dimension of time, Kasane means - "to reoccur, again and again, in succession"

snip the drawing

The travelers went north, then west, then south; summer passed, then autumn and winter. Now with the cherry blossoms of 1690 in bloom, Basho is in Zeze (Otsu City) near the southern tip of Lake Biwa. (Here Basho requested he be buried, so in Gichuji Temple he remains.)

Someone has asked Basho to choose a name for a newborn baby girl. Basho remembers the Kasane in the Deep North, and passes her name on to the newborn. The following haibun (haiku-like essay) ending in a tanka (the classical form for Japanese poetry) is his prayer for the child‘s happiness and longevity.

(Basho‘s haibun Blessings Unto Kasane)

During my pilgrimage to the Deep North, in one of the villages was a little girl who looked no more than five years old.
She was so small and indescribably charming that I asked her name, and she said “Kasane”.
What an interesting name! In Kyoto rarely is it heard so I wonder how has it has passed down
and what is that “layers, again and again”?


The farmer and his wife wanted a special name for their daughter, not just a name fashionable in Kyoto. What were they thinking of when they linked her heritage and destiny to this lovely multi-faceted word?

“If I had a child this name she would receive,”
I remember saying in jest to my traveling companion and now, unexpectedly, through an acquaintance I have been called on to be Name-giving Parent.


Without being biological parent, Basho gets the magical opportunity to give life through a name and through a poem.

Blessings unto Kasane
Spring passes by
Again and again in layers
Of blossom-kimono
May you see wrinkles
Come with old age


Basho

The words of the tanka may seem simple, however the double and triple meanings:

・the springs shall pass by again and again…
・the layers of kimono, lining and under kimono…
・as the years of your life pile up, the succession of your blossom kimono from bright to sedate…
・each kimono passing onto your daughter,the next layer of yourself…
・wrinkles in the kimono and wrinkles on your face…

weave together to form a web of Blessing and Hope for Kasane and all female children.

- Kasane o gasu
Iku haru o kasane gasane no hana-goromo
shiwa yoru made no oi mo miru beku
Basho

- 賀重
いく春をかさねがさねの花ごろも
しはよるまでの老もみるべく

ばせを

A formal kimono is a two-layer silk robe worn over an under robe, meticulously folded and tucked around the body in flat, even layers. The colors and pattern are chosen in harmony with the woman‘s age. A "blossom-kimono" for a girl entering womanhood might be a soft pink with bold cherry blossom design on the lower portion. A thick brocade sash of a darker contrasting color encircles her waist. The red inner robe shows at the neckline, and where the left side of the skirt covers the right, margins of the kimono lining appear and disappear as she walks.

Kasane, now your time begins, stretching to infinity before unfocused eyes. Soon you‘ll be laughing and playing in the sunshine – that is if no wars come and natural disasters, fatal illness, and financial ruin stay away too. One spring in youth, you shall be given your first "blossom-kimono", an exquisite robe to be worn just once a year to view cherry blossoms, then folded up and stored away until the next time to celebrate Spring under cherry blossoms.

The springs shall come and go with clouds of pink blossoms filling the treetops to fall in a shower of petals as you blossom into a young lady elegant in your impeccably layered kimono. Each year you sit with legs folded under you on the straw mat at a blossom viewing party, creases shall form in the fabric. Carefully, as your mother shows you restore its silky smoothness for another year. I pray the day comes for you to pass this youthful kimono onto your daughter, while you wear one more moderate in color and pattern – and this too passes onto her, and you to the dark and sedate colors of an older woman.

So Kasane, may our nation remain at Peace and the happiness in your family pile up layer upon layer until wrinkles in the fabric no longer smooth out, and you see wrinkles of old age cross your face. Do not despair, my child, for you live again and again as spring passes by and your granddaughters laugh and chatter in their blossom kimono.


The haibun Blessings Unto Kasane and the tanka SPRING PASSES BY offer hope to the smallest females—hope for a childhood without misfortune, hope that she will grow into womanhood and see grandchildren—yet this Message of Hope has been swept under the rug.

A few comprehensive Basho anthologies do give the tanka (e.g. Nihon Koten Bungaku Zenshu volume 71, page 284-85) buried among six hundred pages where nobody notices it. Since I discovered Blessings Unto Kasane thirty years ago I have searched through hundreds of books on haiku, Basho,, or Japanese literature, both English and Japanese, and found no mention of this work. The few male scholars who know of it find it trivial, not worth discussing.

Women, when they know of this work, may see it differently. In the few simple light words of the Tanaka, Basho speaks of what concerns women the succession of life, the happiness of children—the conditions of Peace, both social and family peace, in which little girls can dress up and party with relatives and friends, and life goes on generation after generation. The poem encapsulates the entire life of one woman from newborn to wrinkles in five lines. Has any poet ever reached so deeply into the heart of life.

snip

If you wish to help spread the awareness of Basho‘s poem, - - feel free to download this essay from our home page.

Email: basho4women2youth@yahoo.com
URL: http://www.basho4women2youth.join-us.jp

Basho on women and children 芭蕉:女性と子ども
The warm affectionate Basho  暖かく、感情込った芭蕉 

- - - - - Manuscripts
①  Blessings Unto Kasane
②  かさねを賀す
③  Icons of the Feminine
④  芭蕉における女性像 

Women and Girls: The Feminine Works of Matsuo Basho

By Jeff Robbins – Basho Researcher
Assisted by Sakata Shoko – Certified Japanese Language Instructor
- - - - - source : www.basho4women2youth.



. yanagi gasane 柳重 Kasane willow robes for spring .

. Matsuo Basho Archives - His Life and Works .

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. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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12/07/2012

Meigetsu harvest moon

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- meigetsu 名月 harvest moon

The full moon of the eighth lunar month, now in September.

This refers to the Chinese custom of celebrating the full moon.
People celebrated the changes of all things, now from a full moon to the waning moon.
There are many different customs in various regions of Japan to celebrate this day with special offerings and rituals.
For example sweet potatoes, edamame beans, moon-viewing dumplings and susuki reed grass.
In some areas, the day 13 is also celebrated in this way, but more often in the ninth lunar month.

. WKD : meigetsu 名月 "famous moon" harvest moon .





under construction
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名月に麓の霧や田の曇り
meigetsu ni / fumoto no kiri ya / ta no kumori

The harvest moon
and the fog at the mountain foot—
mists over the field.


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名月の花かと見えて綿畠
meigetsu no / hana ka to miete / wata-batake

As if blossoms have fallen
from the harvest moon—
the cotton field


quote
While both poems depict the view under the harvest moon, the ¤rst one is a simple and straightforward portrait, which Dohô describes as “the style of the unchanging.”
The second uses explicit symbols. It gives the traditional poetic images, the moon and the flower, fresh significance.

Instead of using hana in its conventional way to mean cherry blossoms specifically as a seasonal word for spring, here it describes the beautiful whiteness of cotton bolls reflecting the bright light of the harvest moon, an image that traditionally signifies the autumn season.
The presentation of the moon in the second poem also departs from its conventional hon’i: while portraying the harvest moon, the poetic vision focuses, not on the moon, nor on its surroundings, but on the cotton field on the earth. It heightens the charm and miraculous power of the moonlight through its reflection on the cotton, which had not been considered a poetic image in classical tradition.

Despite these novel conceptions, the verse shows no trace of striving for ingenuity. The images naturally evoke an autumn moonlight view and the beholder’s feeling. This kind of novelty out of naturalness is the variety that Bashô wished to pursue: change that shares the same base with constancy.
source : Basho-and-the-Dao - Peipei-Qiu


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名月の出づるや五十一ヶ条
meigetsu no / izuru ya goyū / ichi kajō


名月の見所問はん旅寝せん
. meigetsu no midokoro towan tabine sen .
Oku no Hosomichi, in Fukui

名月はふたつ過ぎても瀬田の月
meigetsu wa / futatsu sugite mo / Seta no tsuki

. meigetsu ya chigotachi narabu doo no en .
(autumn) moon. temple acolytes

名月や北国日和定めなき
. meigetsu ya Hokkoku biyori sadame naki .
at Tsuruga

名月や池をめぐりて夜もすがら
. meigetsu ya ike o megurite yo mo sugara . yomosugara
(autumn) moon, pond, night

名月や門に指しくる潮頭
. meigetsu ya mon ni sashi kuru shiogashira .
(autumn) moon. my gate. rising tide

名月や鶴脛高き遠干潟
. meigetsu ya tsuru hagi takaki too higata .
(autumn) moon. lower legs of cranes. far tidal flats

名月や海に向かへば七小町
. meigetsu ya umi ni mukaeba nana Komachi .
(autumn) moon. the sea.
- remembering the Heian-beauty Ono no Komachi 小野 小町

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source : PW_paperback

夏かけて名月暑き涼み哉
natsu kakete meigetsu atsuki suzumi kana

past summer
the full moon night is still so hot
I feel "summer coolness" . . .


Written on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month of 1693 元禄6年8月15日.
The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.
The main kigo here is the "full moon of autumn". Basho uses three words to indicate the heat:
natsu - summer
atsuki - it is hot
suzumi - to feel cool in summer


In this hot summer of 1683, Basho had lost all of his energy and shut down his haikai "workshop".
閉関.


Matsuo Basho and
. - suzumi 涼み - すゞみ to enjoy a cool breeze in summer - .


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雪と雪今宵師走の名月か 
yuki to yuki / koyoi shiwasu no / meigetsu ka


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. WKD : meigetsu 名月 "famous moon" harvest moon .


. KIGO used by Basho .


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Momi suru oto

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- Momi suru Oto 籾する音 The Sound of Hulling Rice -



source : agri_school/a_kome

drying and hulling rice in the Edo period
乾燥・もみすり(江戸時代(元禄))



. WKD : momisuri 籾摺 hulling rice .
kigo for late autumn



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momi suru oto 籾する音

大和國長尾の里と云処ハ、さすがに都遠きにあらず、山里ながら山里に似ず。あるじ心有さまにて、老いたる母のおハしけるを、其家のかたへにしつらひ、庭前に木草のおかしげなるを植置て、岩尾めづらかにすゑなし、手づから枝をたハめ石を撫ては、「此山蓬莱の嶋ともなりね、生薬とりてんよ」と老母につかへ、慰めなんどせし実有けり。
「家貧して孝をあらハす」とこそ聞なれ、貧しからずして功を尽す。古人も難事になんいゝける。

冬しらぬ宿やもミする音あられ
fuyu shiranu yado ya momi suru oto arare

source : itoyo/basho



竹の内滞在中のことを綴った句文
source : bashouan.com/Database


The mountain village of Nagao in the province of Yamato is not so far from the capital and thus not quite a typical "mountain village" . . .
It has the atmosphere of the "Holy Horai Mountain" of ancient China.

. hoorai 蓬莱 Buddhist mountain Horai .
a mountain in China, where people would live forever.

The farmer had built a separate room (inkyobeya 隠居部屋) for his aging mother in the back yard.

The village is located close to
. Temple Taimadera 当麻寺 .

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no winter is known
in this home - hulling rice with the sound
of hail

Tr. Gabi Greve


Written in 1684, 貞亨元年、Basho age 41.

This hokku has the cut marker YA in the middle of line 2.

. のざらし紀行 Nozarashi Kiko .
夏炉一路


Basho visited the area around Takenouchi Village 竹之内村 and Nagao 長尾.
He observed a son hulling the rice carefully to give good food to his old mother.


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- by Chris Drake


fuyu shiranu yado ya momi-suru oto arare

hail hits a house
where there are no winters --
rice-hulling sounds


This is a late autumn hokku from the middle of the 9th month (October) in 1684, when Basho was visiting someone in the Nagao area south of Nara, not far from Taima Temple, where Chujo-hime was believed to have woven her large Pure Land Mandala.

The man, a wealthy farmer, was warm-hearted and took care of his aged mother very well. He built her a small house behind the main house where she could have some privacy, and he designed a garden around her house that looked like Mt. Horai (Penglai in Chinese) on the legendary Daoist Island of Immortality located somewhere out in the eastern sea. On this island there were said to be no winters or pain, fresh fruit was always available, and an elixir of immortality could be taken. Basho says the farmer designed the garden as the closest thing possible on this earth to the island's elixir of immortality, since he wanted his mother to live many more years.

Hearing and seeing this, Basho greeted the man with the above hokku. It has irony, hyperbole, and humor. The house (actually two houses, the main house and the mother's smaller house in the garden) is so warm with human feeling that winter never really comes to it, and yet the first hail of the winter seems to be falling on it now, making quite a racket. How could this possibly be? The answer of course is that the sound isn't made by hail but is the somewhat similar loud grinding sound made by people just outside hulling rice with a stone or earthen mortar. In this way Basho praises his host more strongly by denying the opposite, telling him his house is truly a Daoist paradise on earth filled with familial love and warmth in which the closest thing to winter isn't related to winter at all: the hail-like sounds turn out to be related to the source of warm food.

The farmers just outside or perhaps in a special workroom of the house aren't beating the rice but are operating one or more advanced mortars (invented in China) in which a revolving upper grindstone has replaced the less efficient pestle used in earlier centuries.

If you scroll down to the bottom of the first site below you can see a contemporary picture from the Edo period of five farmers operating a hulling mortar with a long wooden crankshaft.


福岡・浮羽町の諏訪神社

source : syokunou.ne




stone mortar 石臼(いしうす)

The second site has a photo from the early part of the 20th century.
The mortars must have made quite a noise!
source : kamiya-e/mukasinokurasi

Chris Drake


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. Basho visiting - Hoorai san 蓬莱山 Mount Horai-San - Mikawa .


. WKD : momisuri 籾摺 hulling rice, polishing rice .
kigo for late autumn


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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11/07/2012

nazuna - sheperds purse

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- nazuna 薺 sheperd's purse -

One of the seven herbs (nanakusa 七草) used for the seven herbs rice gruel (nanakusagayu 七草がゆ) on January 7.
These two words are also kigo for the New Year, which co-incided with spring in the lunar calendar.
Capsella bursa-pastoris. Hirtentäschel

. WKD : nazuna 薺 sheperd's purse .
kigo for spring / now New Year



source : www.kyoko-kirie.jp


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古畑やなづな摘みゆく男ども
furuhata ya nazuna tsumiyuku otokodomo

old fields -
off to pick shepherd’s purse blossoms
with male companions

Tr. Barnhill

Written in January of 1686 貞亨3年正月.

furuhata refers to a field that has been harvested last autumn and not jet been prepared for use this year.

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一とせに一度摘まるる薺かな
hitotose ni ichido tsumaruru nazuna kana

once a year
picked only once,
this Sheperd's purse . . .

Tr. Gabi Greve


the nazuna
picked only once
per year

Tr. Robin D. Gill

Read more :
- source : books.google.co.jp


Written in the 7th day of the first lunar month 1694, 元禄7年1月7日.
The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.


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. yoku mireba nazuna hana saku kakine kana .
looking closely

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Jinjitsu 人日

四方に打つ薺もしどろもどろ哉

yomo ni utsu nazuna mo shidoro modoro kana

from all sides
the crushing sound of pounding
sheperd's purse . . .


Written between 41 and 44 years of age. around 貞亨年間.
The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.

In Japan, Jinjitsu (人日, jinjitsu), literally "Human Day",
is one of the five seasonal festivals (五節句, gosekku).
It is celebrated on January 7 with a special porridge of seven herbs.

According to Chinese customs,
the days of January were dedicated to animals and the last day of the week to man.

1日を鶏の日 chicken day
2日を狗(犬)の日 dog day
3日を猪(豚)の日 wild boar day
4日を羊の日 sheep day
5日を牛の日 cow/bull day
6日を馬の日 horse day
7日を人の日 day of man (jinjitsu)
. WKD : five seasonal festivals 五節句 gosekku .


. WKD : shihoo, yomo 四方 the four directions .



shidoromodoro -
. Onomatopoetic Words used by Basho .


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雨に雪しどろもどろのひがん哉 
ame ni yuki shidoro-modoro no higan kana

a confusing mix
of rain and snow...
spring equinox 

Tr. David Lanoue

. Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶 Issa in Edo .


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. WKD : nazuna 薺 sheperd's purse .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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- Additions in 2012 -

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- Newsletter -

The latest additions to this BLOG.

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

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- - - - - Latest Additions in 2012 - - - - -


. tsumiken ya cha o kogarashi no aki to mo shirade .

(spring) picking tea leaves. winter storm. autumn. they do not know

. kogakurete chatsumi mo kiku ya hototogisu .
(spring) picking tea leaves. to hear. hototogisu

. inasuzume cha no kibatake ya nigedokoro .
(autumn) sparrows in the rice fields. field with tea trees. to flee

. yamabuki ya Uji no hoiro no niou toki .
(spring) yellow mountain rose. tea oven of Uji. fragrant

. furuki na no Tsunuga ya koishi aki no tsuki .
(autumn) moon. old name of Tsunuga. full of memories (Tsuruga)

. zoosui ni biwa kiku noki no arare kana .
(summer) hail. falling on the eaves. sounds like a biwa lute. rice porridge

. yuki o matsu joogo no kao ya inabikari .
(winter) snow. we are waiting. faces of sake drinkers. lightning

. tsutsuji ikete sono kage ni hidara saku onna .
(spring) dried cod fish. azaleas. in the shadow a woman

. ano naka ni maki-e kakitashi yado no tsuki .
(autumn) moon. at the inn. maki-e laquer. I want to draw

. sakazuki ya yamaji no kiku to kore o hosu .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. this sake cup. mountain road. I drink it all

. sakazuki no shita yuku kiku ya kutsuki bon .
(autumn) chrysanthemum. sake cup. tray from Kitsuki
remembering Yoro no Taki Waterfall 養老の滝

. yuki ya suna uma yori ochiyo sake no yoi .
(winter) snow. sand. you fall from your horse. drunk on sake
for Ochi Etsujin

. tsuki hana mo nakute sake nomu hitori kana .
(spring) cherry blossoms. no moon, no blossoms. he drinks sake alone

. ogi no ho ya kashira o tsukamu Rashoomon .
(autumn) ogi reed. it grabs my head. Rashomon gate (Kyoto)

. shoshun mazu sake ni ume uru nioi kana .
(spring) New Year (First Spring). first comes sake. fragrance of plum blossoms

. sake nomeba itodo nerarenu yoru no yuki .
(winter) snow at night. when I drink sake I can not sleep

. oogi nite sake kumu kage ya chiru sakura .
(spring) cherry blossoms. my fan. I pretend to drink sake

. kuwa no mi ya hana naki choo no yosute-zake .
(summer) mulberries. hermit sake for the butterflies

. asagao wa sakamori shiranu sakari kana .
(autumn) morning glories. we drink sake and make merry

. mukashi kike Chichibu dono sae sumootori .
(autumn) sumo wrestling. listen to old stories! Lord of Chichibu

. sekizoro o suzume no warau detachi kana .
(winter) Year-End Singers. sparrows laugh

. sekizoro no kureba fuuga mo shiwasu kana .
(winter) Year-End Singers. elegance. last month of the year

. inazuma ni satoranu hito no tattosa yo .
(autumn) lightning. no enlightenment. how admirable

. haru kaze ni fukidashi warau hana mogana .
(spring) spring wind. burst into laughter. cherry blossoms

. tsuka mo ugoke waga naku koe wa aki no kaze .
(autumn) autumn wind. grave mound. move. I am crying

. ame no hi ya seken no aki o Sakai choo .
(autumn). rainy day. the every-day world. Sakai quarters 堺町 (in Edo)

. hasu no ka o me ni kayowasu ya men no hana .
(summer)lotus. fragrance. reaches the eyes. nose of a Noh mask.

. warau beshi naku beshi waga asagao no shibomu toki .
(summer) morning glories. should I laugh? should I cry? whithering

. mi ni shimite daikon karashi aki no kaze .
(autumn) autumn wind. penetrates my body. pungent radish

. shi ni mo senu tabine no hate yo aki no kure .
(autumn) autumn dusk. end of my journey. I did not die yet
(shini mo senu)

. uzumi-bi mo kiyu ya namida no niyuru oto .
(winter) uzumibi, banked charcoal fire. dying. my tears. hissing sound

. Kiyotaki no mizu kumasete ya tokoroten .
(summer) Tokoroten jelly. draw water from river Kiyotaki 清滝川
for Sakai Yamei 坂井野明 in Sagano, Kyoto.

. karahafu no irihi ya usuki yuu suzumi .
(summer) evening coolness. Chinese gable. sunset.

. ume koite u no hana ogamu namida kana .
(summer) deutzia blossoms. I long for. I bow to plum blossoms. I shed tears.
On the death of high priest Daiten 大顛和尚

. nadeshiko ni kakaru namida ya kusu no tsuyu .
(summer) Nadeshiko pinks. tears are falling. dew on the camphor tree
for father and son Kusunoki.

. kogarashi no mi wa Chikusai ni nitaru kana .
(winter) winter drizzle. I resemble (doctor) Chikusai

. tachibana ya itsu no no naka no hototogisu .
(autumn) Tachibana citrus fruit. when, where. hototogisu

. Suruga ji ya hana tachibana mo cha no nioi .
(summer) Tachibana citrus blossoms. Suruga road. smell of tea


. iwa tsutsuji somuru namida ya hototogisu .
(spring) "rock azaleas". colored by tears. hototogisu

. yoku mireba nazuna hana saku kakine kana .
(New Year) sheperd's purse. looking closely. hedge

. yogi wa omoshi Goten ni yuki o miru aran .
(winter) snow. bedclothes. heavy. Kingdom of Wu 呉天

. - ume ga ka 梅が香 plum fragrance - .

. ume ga ka ni mukashi no ichiji aware nari .
(spring) fragrance of plum blossoms. the character for "past". pathos

. ume ga ka ya Shirara Ochikubo Kyootaroo .  (spring)
fragrance of plum blossoms. Shirara. Ochikubo. Kyotaro.

. kame waruru yoru no koori no mezame kana .
(winter) ice. water jar. breaking. I wake up

. tooki yori aware wa tsuka no sumiregusa / sumire-gusa .
(spring) violet. pitiful. Angelica-type parsley. his grave mound

. Kohoogen dedokoro aware toshi no kure .
about a painting by Kano Motonobu Kohōgen 1476―1559)

. hirugao ni kometsuki suzumu aware nari .
(summer bindweed. noonflower. rice pounder. to cool. pityful

. hana mina karete aware o kobosu kusa no tane .
(winter) withered flowers. pity. seeds of weeds

. yamazato wa manzai ososhi ume no hana .
(winter) manzai performance. mountain village. late. plum blossoms

. yo ga fuuga wa karo toosen no gotoshi .
(winter) handfan in winter. my elegance. fireplace in summer

. furusu tada aware naru beki tonari kana .
(spring) old nest. so lonely. my neighbour

. Mafukuda ga hakama yosou ka tsukuzukushi .
(spring) horsetail. Priest Mafukuda. to wear

. hokku nari Matsuo Toosei yado no haru .
(spring). This is a hokku. Matsuo Tosei (Green Peach), later Basho

. choo yo choo yo Morokoshi no haikai towan .
butterfly - Haikai in China

. toshi hete shinobu wa nani o shinobu-gusa .
(autumn) weeping fern. imperial mausoleum. to remember

. kiyoku kikan mimi ni koo taite hototogisu .
(summer) hototogisu. clear sound. burning incense near the ear

. hototogisu ootakeyabu o moru tsukiyo .
(summer) little cuckoo. bamboo, moon night

. hototogisu naku ne ya furuki suzuri-bako / suzuribako .
(summer) little cuckoo. old inkstone box

. hototogisu Urami no Taki no ura omote .
(summer) little cuckoo. Urami no Taki waterfall (Nikko). back and front

. ukifushi ya take no ko to naru hito no hate .
(spring) bamboo shoots. wretched. fate of a person

. mochi-bana ya kazashi ni saseru yome ga kimi /mochibana .
(New Year) "mochi flower" decorations. first mouse

. mochiyuki o shira-ito to nasu yanagi kana .
(winter) snow like mochi. white stripes. willow

. mochi o yume ni ori musubu shida no kusa makura .
(New Year) shida fern. dream. my pillow stuffed with grass

. - choo, 蝶 choochoo 蝶々 butterfly - .
and the Chinese sage Chuang-Tsu (Chuang Tzu), Sooji 荘子 Soji、Zhuangzi

. gu anzuru ni meido mo kaku ya aki no kure .
(autumn) end of autumn. in my humble view . the netherworld

. yanagigoori 柳行李 wicker trunk .
koori, katani 行李片荷 carrying boxes for travellers

. mizu mukete ato toi tamae doomyooji .
(summer) Temple Domyo-Ji cold rice 道明寺. offering water. console the spirit

. hatake utsu oto ya arashi no sakura asa .
(spring) to plough the fields. sound. storm. "cherry-blossom hemp"

. kure kurete mochi o kodama no wabine kana / kurekurete .
(winter) pounding mochi rice-cakes. end of the year. echo. I sleep alone

. ariake mo misoka ni chikashi mochi no oto .
(winter) sound of pounding mochi. dawn. last day of the year

. Visiting Daibutsu Temple in Nara .
hatsu yuki ya itsu Daibutsu no hashira date
yuki kanashi itsu Daibutsu no kawarabuki

. mazu iwae ume o kokoro no fuyu-gomori / fuyugomori .
(winter) winter seclusion. celebrating. plum blossoms

. byoobu ni wa yama o egaite fuyu-gomori .
(winter) winter seclusion. folding screen. a painted mountain

. utsukushiki sono hime uri ya kisaki zane .
(summer) melon. how beautiful! oval face

. omoshiro ya kotoshi no haru mo tabi no sora .
(spring) spring of this year. how exciting. sky of wayfaring

. mata koemu Sayo no Nakayama hatsugatsuo .
(summer) first skipjack katsuo bonito. Sayo no Nakayama pass. to cross again
and
katsuo uri ikanaru hito o yowasuran 

. Kamakura o ikite ideken hatsugatsuo .
(summer) first katsuo bonito. town of Kamakura. to be alive

. hatsu yuki ni usagi no kawa no hige tsukure .
(winter) first snow. rabbit, fur. beard

. niawashi ya mame no ko meshi ni sakura-gari .
two hokku about rice dishes

. aki no iro nukamiso tsubo mo nakari keri .
(autumn) . pot for fermented Miso paste. he does not have

. ne no hi shi ni miyako e ikan tomo mo gana .
(New Year) day of the rat. capital Kyoto. no friend

. tsuki sabiyo Akechi ga tsuma no hanashi sen .
(autumn) moon. be somber. wife of Akechi (Mitsuhide) 明智光秀. tell a story


. u no hana mo haha naki yado zo susamajiki .
(summer) dautzia blossoms. home without mother. dreadful


. asamutsu ya tsukimi no tabi no ake-banare .
(autumn) moon viewing. six in the morning. travelling. dawn



. - hatsumono 初物 first things - .

. - hototogisu 郭公 / ホトトギス - .

. - sake 酒 ricewine -
- sakazuki 杯 ricewine cup - .


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. Basho about Basho - about his own life .

. Basho shedding tears .
- tears 涙 namida - to cry 泣くnaku -

. One sentence hokku with three segments 5 7 5 .

- aware 哀れ touching, pityful, sorrow -

. Basho on Stamps 切手 kitte .

. - - - karumi かるみ【軽み】 lightness - - - .

. - kumo 雲 cloud, clouds - .

. mazu - first of all まづ mazu .

. Onomatopoetic expressions .

- tootoi とうとい尊い / 貴い holy, noble, pathos, respectful -

. - ukiyo 浮世 the floating world - .

. - yume 夢 dream - .


. Business in the name of Basho .


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neko no koi - cat in love

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- neko no koi 猫の恋 love-season for cats -

The cat, with no further explanation, is man's best friend during the whole year. There are however seasonal events in a cat's life that come as a kigo. Let us look at them.

- - - kigo for early spring - - -

love-season for cats, neko no koi 猫の恋、koi neko 恋猫
cat in heat, cats mate, neko sakaru 猫さかる
cat in spring, haru no neko 春の猫
philandering cat, ukare neko 浮かれ猫
"cats walking to their lovers", kayou neko 通う猫

cat going hunting for a girlfriend, imogari yuku neko
..... 妹がり行く猫
pledge of a cat, neko no chigiri 猫の契

pregnant cat, harami neko 孕み猫

a cat's mate : according to the Chinese character it is written in, it can be the male or female partner:
neko no tsuma 猫の夫 (male) - - - - - 猫の妻 (female)

. WKD : neko sakaru 猫さかる cat in heat, cats mate .




under construction
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張抜きの猫も知るなり今朝の秋
harinuki no / neko mo shiru nari / kesa no aki

Written around the Enpo period 延宝年間, Basho age 30 - 37

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またうどな犬ふみつけて猫の恋
matōdo na / inu fumitsukete / neko no koi

Written about 1684 貞亨元年 , Basho age 41

matoodo 全人 means "all people".

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麦飯にやつるる恋か猫の妻
mugimeshi ni yatsururu koi ka neko no tsuma

Has it been from love as well as barley rice
that it has grown so scrawny?
cat's mate.

Tr. Kawamoto


A cat's wife -
grown thin from love
and barley?

Tr. Shirane


from barley gruel
and from love it looses weight ?
the cat in love

Tr. Gabi Greve


Warum schreit die kleine Katze?
War der Brei ihr nicht sanft?
Oder ist sie verliebt?


Fur die Katzen-Zunft Messkirch
Am 21. Februar 1954 / Martin Heidegger
. Martin Heidegger .

This hokku has the question marker KA at the end of line 2.



source : itoyo/basho
Gunma, Temple 正幸寺 群馬県前橋市三河 正幸寺

麥めしにやつるゝ戀や里の猫
三日月や広いそらにも曲て置
source : satoneko.html


Written in 元禄4年, Basho age 48.

MORE - hokku about food by
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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猫の恋やむとき閨の朧月
neko no koi yamu toki neya no oborozuki

cats making love -
when it is over in my bedroom
the hazy moonlight


Written in 元禄5年春, Basho age 49.

After listening to the cats, Basho seems to feel the spring mood himself.


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猫の妻竈の崩れより通ひけり
neko no tsuma / hetui no kuzure yori / kayoi keri
neko no tsuma hetsui no kuzure yori kayoi-keri

Die läufige Katze
schlüpft durch den Riss an der Feuerstelle
hinein und hinaus

Tr. Udo Wenzel

kamado, hetsui 竈 stove for cooking

江戸広小路

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Nekoyama 猫山

山は猫ねぶりて行くや雪の隙
yama wa neko neburite iku ya yuki no hima
yama wa neko / neburi te iku ya / yuki no hima

Writtne around the winter of 1683 天和元年, Basho between 38 and 40.

陸奥名所句合

has the mountain cat
licked away all the snow
but in crevices

Tr. kesaran basaran


Nekoyama 猫山 is another name for the famous Bandaisan 磐梯山 in Aizu, its western peak.

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. WKD : neko sakaru 猫さかる cat in heat, cats mate .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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nagori - remains

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- nagori 余波 - 余韻- 余風 - 余情
remains, memories, lingering -


. WKD - nagori 名残 lingering, at the end of a season .




. Basho Kinen Kan 芭蕉記念館 - Basho Memorial Hall .
in Fukagawa, Tokyo
near shrine Basho Inari Jinja - 東京都江東区


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牡丹蘂深く分け出づる蜂の名残り哉
. botan shibe fukaku wake-izuru hachi no nagori kana .
(summer) peony. pistils the bee withdraws regretfully
for - Hayashi Tooyoo 桐葉 Hayashi Toyo -


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Hiroshige - Evening Glow In Seta


橋桁の忍は月の名残り哉 
hashigeta no shinobu wa tsuki no nagori kana

along the bridge beam
endures the fern of recollection:
farewell moon

Tr. Barnhill


along the bridge beam
the fern of longing survives
as the moon departs

Tr. Chilcott


Written on the 13th day of the 9th lunar month 1691. 元禄4年9月13日
Basho was at temple Ishiyamadera 石山寺 with 車要 Shayo and Shido 之道 and left for Edo about 10 days later. So this was a good-bye party of sorts for them.
Maybe he was thinking about the Seta no Karahashi 瀬田の唐橋 Great Bridge of Seta.

This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.


tsuki no nagori - the moon's farewell
. WKD : nagorizuki 名残月 .
kigo for autumn


. WKD : shinobugusa 忍草 weeping fern, hare's foot fern .
Lepisorus thunbergianus. - kigo for all autumn


. Basho visiting temple Ishiyamadera 石山寺 .


MORE - about the Seta no Oohashi 瀬田の大橋 Seto no Ohashi, Great Bridge of Seta
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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入りかかる日も糸遊の名残りかな
. irikakaru hi mo itoyuu no nagori kana .
(spring) heat shimmers. threads. smoke
At Muro no Yashima 室の八嶋



物の名をまづ問ふ芦の若葉哉
. mono kakite oogi hikisaku nagori kana .
(summer) handfan. I write a poem. to leave things behind
for Tachibana Hokushi 立花北枝


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- after a hot bath - at  Nakayama Onsen 山中温泉

湯の名残り幾度見るや霧のもと
yu no nagori iku tabi miru ya kiri no moto


湯の名残り今宵は肌の寒からん
yu no nagori koyoi wa hada no samukaran


Oku no Hosomichi - - - - Station 37 - Natadera 那谷寺 - - - and Yamanaka Hot Spring 山中温泉
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


. WKD - onsen 温泉 hot spring .


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. - wakare 別れ Basho parting with friends  - .   


. WKD - nagori 名残 lingering, at the end of a season .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .



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06/07/2012

suzumi - coolness in summer

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- suzumi 涼み to enjoy a cool breeze in summer -


This file has moved here :

. - suzushisa 涼しさ coolness - .













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- - - - -  Matsuo Basho enjoying
. - suzushisa 涼しさ coolness - .



. WKD : Coolness (suzushisa 涼しさ) .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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semi cicada

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- semi 蝉 cicada / semi no koe 蝉の声 -

. WKD : semi 蝉 cicada .
kigo for summer

How to translate the "voice of an animal" ?
. WKD : Voice of an Animal (xx no koe) .

the "voice" of an animal is nakigoe 鳴き声、鳴声.
the sound of an animal is expressed as naku 鳴く-
not naku 泣く crying with tears like a human.

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. cicada coming out of the shell - Gabi Greve 2005 .


声にみな泣きしまふてや蝉の穀
こえに皆鳴しまふみや蝉のから
声にみな泣きしまふてや蝉の穀
koe ni mina nakishimaute ya semi no kara

The shell of a cicada:
It sang itself
Utterly away.

Tr. Blyth


So! And did it yell
Till it became all voice?
Cidada-shell!

Tr. Henderson


山寺の所から更にかなしき声に
皆身を鳴きしまふてや蝉のから
source : members3.jcom.home.ne.jp

At temple 西蓮寺 Sairen-Ji, Iga Ueno

こゑに皆鳴しまふてや蝉のから   
Tohoo 土芳 Dohoo / Tohoo

This is said to be a poem by
. 伊賀土芳 Iga Tohoo, Iga Dohoo .

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梢よりあだに落ちけり蝉の殻  / 蝉のから  
kozue yori ada ni ochikeri semi no kara

From a twig
it falls, in vain
a husk of a cicada.


Cicadas lend themselves nicely to the Buddhist theme that earthly life is vanity and illusion.
The insect's shed husk, left clinging to a branch after the nymph's final molt, is a poignant reminder of the Zen formulation:
"Form is emptiness, Emptiness is form.".
In China, the cicada is an ancient symbol of rebirth.
- source : - East Wind Melts the Ice - books.google.co.jp

Tr. and comment - Liza Dalby



From the treetops
How briefly fall
The cicada shells.

Tr. McAuley


Written in 1677 延宝5年, Basho age 34. (六百番誹諧発句合)
This was the year when Basho decided to become a professional haikai master.


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閑かさや岩にしみ入る蝉の声



. shizukesa ya iwa ni shimi-iru semi no koe .

Discussion of this hokku.
. Ryushakuji, Risshakuji 立石寺 Risshaku-Ji, Yamadera 山寺 .

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撞鐘もひびくやうなり蝉の声
撞鐘も ひびくやうなり 蝉の聲
. tsukigane mo hibiku yoo nari semi no koe .
tsukigane mo / hibiku yōnari / semi no koe

He also wrote

城跡や古井の清水まづ訪はん
. shiro-ato ya furu-i no shimizu mazu towan .
at the ruins of Inabayama Castle 稲葉山城, now Gifu

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やがてしぬ けしきはみえず 蝉の声
. yagate shinu keshiki wa miezu semi no koe .


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. WKD : semi 蝉 cicada .


. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .


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