WKD - Matsuo Basho Archives

11/07/2012

nagori - remains

. Basho Kinen Kan 芭蕉記念館　- Basho Memorial Hall .
in Fukagawa, Tokyo
near shrine Basho Inari Jinja - 東京都江東区

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牡丹蘂深く分け出づる蜂の名残り哉
. botan shibe fukaku wake-izuru hachi no nagori kana .
(summer) peony. pistils the bee withdraws regretfully
for - Hayashi Tooyoo 桐葉 Hayashi Toyo -

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Hiroshige - Evening Glow In Seta

橋桁の忍は月の名残り哉　
hashigeta no shinobu wa tsuki no nagori kana

along the bridge beam
endures the fern of recollection:
farewell moon
Tr. Barnhill

along the bridge beam
the fern of longing survives
as the moon departs
Tr. Chilcott

Written on the 13th day of the 9th lunar month 1691. 元禄4年9月13日
Basho was at temple Ishiyamadera 石山寺 with 車要 Shayo and Shido 之道 and left for Edo about 10 days later. So this was a good-bye party of sorts for them.
Maybe he was thinking about the Seta no Karahashi 瀬田の唐橋 Great Bridge of Seta.

This hokku has the cut marker KANA at the end of line 3.

tsuki no nagori - the moon's farewell
. WKD : nagorizuki 名残月 .
kigo for autumn

. WKD : shinobugusa 忍草 weeping fern, hare's foot fern .
Lepisorus thunbergianus. - kigo for all autumn

. Basho visiting temple Ishiyamadera 石山寺 .

MORE - about the Seta no Oohashi 瀬田の大橋 Seto no Ohashi, Great Bridge of Seta
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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入りかかる日も糸遊の名残りかな
. irikakaru hi mo itoyuu no nagori kana .
(spring) heat shimmers. threads. smoke
At Muro no Yashima 室の八嶋

物の名をまづ問ふ芦の若葉哉
. mono kakite oogi hikisaku nagori kana .
(summer) handfan. I write a poem. to leave things behind
for Tachibana Hokushi 立花北枝

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- after a hot bath - at Nakayama Onsen 山中温泉

湯の名残り幾度見るや霧のもと
yu no nagori iku tabi miru ya kiri no moto

湯の名残り今宵は肌の寒からん
yu no nagori koyoi wa hada no samukaran

Oku no Hosomichi - - - - Station 37 - Natadera 那谷寺 - - - and Yamanaka Hot Spring 山中温泉
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

. WKD - onsen 温泉 hot spring .

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. - wakare 別れ　Basho parting with friends　 - . 　　

. WKD - nagori 名残 lingering, at the end of a season .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

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06/07/2012

suzumi - coolness in summer

semi cicada

. cicada coming out of the shell - Gabi Greve 2005 .

声にみな泣きしまふてや蝉の穀
こえに皆鳴しまふみや蝉のから
声にみな泣きしまふてや蝉の穀
koe ni mina nakishimaute ya semi no kara

The shell of a cicada:
It sang itself
Utterly away.
Tr. Blyth

So! And did it yell
Till it became all voice?
Cidada-shell!
Tr. Henderson

山寺の所から更にかなしき声に
皆身を鳴きしまふてや蝉のから
source :　members3.jcom.home.ne.jp

At temple 西蓮寺 Sairen-Ji, Iga Ueno

こゑに皆鳴しまふてや蝉のから　　　
Tohoo 土芳 Dohoo / Tohoo

This is said to be a poem by
. 伊賀土芳 Iga Tohoo, Iga Dohoo .

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梢よりあだに落ちけり蝉の殻　 / 蝉のから　　
kozue yori ada ni ochikeri semi no kara

From a twig
it falls, in vain
a husk of a cicada.

Cicadas lend themselves nicely to the Buddhist theme that earthly life is vanity and illusion.
The insect's shed husk, left clinging to a branch after the nymph's final molt, is a poignant reminder of the Zen formulation:
"Form is emptiness, Emptiness is form.".
In China, the cicada is an ancient symbol of rebirth.
- source : - East Wind Melts the Ice - books.google.co.jp

Tr. and comment - Liza Dalby

From the treetops
How briefly fall
The cicada shells.
Tr. McAuley

Written in 1677 延宝5年, Basho age 34. （六百番誹諧発句合）
This was the year when Basho decided to become a professional haikai master.

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閑かさや岩にしみ入る蝉の声

. shizukesa ya iwa ni shimi-iru semi no koe .

Discussion of this hokku.
. Ryushakuji, Risshakuji 立石寺 Risshaku-Ji, Yamadera　山寺 .

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撞鐘もひびくやうなり蝉の声
撞鐘もひびくやうなり蝉の聲
. tsukigane mo hibiku yoo nari semi no koe .
tsukigane mo / hibiku yōnari / semi no koe

He also wrote

城跡や古井の清水まづ訪はん
. shiro-ato ya furu-i no shimizu mazu towan .
at the ruins of Inabayama Castle 稲葉山城, now Gifu

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やがてしぬけしきはみえず蝉の声
. yagate shinu keshiki wa miezu semi no koe .

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. WKD : semi 蝉 cicada .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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samidare - rainy season

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- samidare　五月雨 -

lit. "rain in the fifth lunar month" 　五月雨 samidare
according to the old lunar calendar. Now it refers mostly to the rain during the Rainy Season (from mid-june to mid-july).

rain in the month of satsuki, satsuki ame 五月雨（さつきあめ）

also translated as

persistent summer rain,

summer rain / June rain / early summer rain (Haldane)

. rain in the fifth lunar month 　五月雨 samidare .

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. samidare - Basho Archives SSS .

samidare ni tsuru no ashi mijikaku nareri
五月雨に鶴の足短くなれり

五月雨の降りのこしてや光堂
. samidare no furi nokoshite Hikari Doo .
(summer) rain during the rainy season. at the Golden Hall 光堂 in Hiraizumi

. samidare o atsumete hayashi Mogamigawa .
(summer) rain during the rainy season, river Mogamigawa　最上川, Hiraizumi

. samidare ya ryuutoo aguru Bantaroo .
(summer) "Dragon Lantern". flood warden
- depicting the flood prevention custom of the Edo period

. samidare ya shikishi hegitaru kabe no ato .
(summer) decoration card with poem. hole in the wall

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五月雨も瀬踏み尋ねぬ見馴河　
samidare mo / sebumi tazune nu / Minare-gawa
river without a name

五月雨に隠れぬものや瀬田の橋　
samidare ni kakurenu mono ya Seta no hashi .
(summer) rain during the rainy season. bridge at Seta, lake Biwa

五月雨に鳰の浮巣を見にゆかん
samidare ni / nio no uki su o / mi ni yukan
grebe bird

五月雨に御物遠や月の顏
samidare ni / on mono dō ya / tsuki no kao
face of the moon

五月雨の空吹き落せ大井川　
samidare no / sora fukio otose / Ōi-gawa
River Oigawa

五月雨は滝降り埋むみかさ哉　
samidare wa / taki furi uzumu / mikasa kana
waterfall

五月雨や蚕煩ふ桑の畑　
. samidare ya kaiko wazurau kuwa no hata .
Basho compares himself to an ill silk worm

五月雨や桶の輪切るる夜の声　
samidare ya / oke no wa kiruru / yoru no koe
barrel

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. rain in the fifth lunar month 　五月雨 samidare .

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shigure winter drizzle

source :　hatake.blog16.jp
Painting by Hasegawa Shun 長谷川俊

. hatsu shigure saru mo komino o hoshige nari .
(winter) winter drizzle, monkey, straw coat. -
first hokku from Sarumino 猿蓑

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初時雨初の字を我が時雨哉
hatsu shigure hatsu no ji o waga shigure kana

first winter shower
and the character "first"
for my winter shower . . .

Written in 貞亨元年 or later, Basho age 41 - 51.
This seems to be a greeting hokku to a person he visited for the first time. The meaning is not quite clear.
The cut marker KANA is the end of line 3.

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一尾根はしぐるる雲か富士の雪
. hito one wa shigururu kumo ka Fuji no yuki .
winter drizzle and snow on Mount Fuji

一時雨礫や降つて小石川　
. hito shigure tsubute ya futte Koishikawa .
hailstones falling. Koishikawa (in Edo)

いづく時雨傘を手に提げて帰る僧
. izuku shigure kasa o te ni sagete kaeru soo .
where has been this winter drizzle? umbrella in hand. a monk returns

笠もなきわれを時雨るるかこは何と　
. kasa mo naki ware o shigururu ka ko wa nanto .
no rain hat in the winter showers?

霧時雨　富士を見ぬ日ぞおもしろき
. kiri shigure Fuji o minu hi zo omoshiroki .
(winter) Mount Fuji 富士山

この海に草鞋捨てん笠時雨　
. kono umi ni waranji suten kasa shigure .
Cold shower on my hat!
Basho had finally arrived at the home of 林桐葉

草枕犬も時雨るるか夜の声 / 草枕犬も時雨ゝかよるのこゑ
. kusamakura inu mo shigururu ka yoru no koe .
(winter) sleet. "grass pillow" . a dog in the rain. voices of the night

今日ばかり人も年寄れ初時雨
. kyoo bakari hito mo toshiyore hatsushigure .
(winter) first winter drizzle. just today. growing older.

松杉をほめてや風のかをる音
. matsu sugi o homete ya kaze no kaoru oto .
- (matsusugi)
(summer) fragrant breeze, sound, pines. Shigure no Matsu 時雨の松
planted by Fujiwara no Sadaie

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stone memorial at Iga Ueno, 辺公園

時雨をやもどかしがりて松の雪　
時雨をばもどきて雪や松の色
shigure o ya modokashigarite matsu no yuki

winter drizzle -
it is quite impatient
this snow on the pines

Written in 1666, 寛文6年, Basho age 23. He still used the haiku name of 宗房.
One of his very early hokku.

This might be a pun with MATSU, to wait.
The green pine is waiting for the snow to paint it white.

Maybe Basho was thinking of a waka by
monk Jien 慈円 (1155 - 1225) - 吉水僧正

わが恋は松を時雨の染めかねて
真葛が原に風さわぐなり

my love can not be expressed in words,
just as a winter drizzle can not paint the green pines white.

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しぐるるや田の新株の黒むほど
shigururu ya ta no arakabu no kuromu hodo

First winter rain,--
Enough to turn
The stubble black.
Tr. Blyth

Written in 元禄3年, Basho age 47, in Iga Ueno

With every winter sleet, the fields become more black and winter comes to his homeland.

. Blyth about the style of Basho .

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新藁の出初めて早き時雨哉
. shinwara no desomete hayaki shigure kana .
(autumn) new straw. coming out early. winter drizzle

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白芥子や時雨の花の咲きつらん
shira-geshi ya shigure no hana no saki tsuran
shirageshi ya shigure no hana no sakitsuran
shira geshi ya shigure no hana no saki tsu ran

these white poppies -
the blossoms of winter drizzle
begin to flower

Written around 天和元年, Basho 38 or older.

Basho is reminded of the white sleet from last winter, which seems to have transformed to the white flowers in the field.

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旅人と我が名呼ばれん初時雨
. tabibito to waga na yobaren hatsu shigure .
more haiku from Basho, the Eternal Traveller

茸狩やあぶなきことに夕時雨
. takegari ya abunaki koto ni yuu shigure .
(autumn) collecting mushrooms. danger of getting drenched. cold evening shower

作り木の庭をいさめるしぐれ哉
. tsukurigi no niwa o isameru shigure kana .
(winter) drizzle. trees in the garden
. . .
作りなす庭をいさむる時雨かな
tsukurinasu / niwa o isamuru / shigure kana

馬方は知らじ時雨の大井川
. umakata wa shiraji shigure no Ooigawa .
(winter) sleet. horse leader does not know. River Oigawa 大井川

宿かりて名を名乗らするしぐれ哉
. yado karite na no nanorasuru shigure kana .
(winter) sleet. getting a lodging. to state my name (at Shimada-juku)

山城へ井出の駕籠借る時雨哉
. Yamashiro e Ide no kago karu shigure kana .
(winter) sleet. to Yamashiro. from Ide I had to use a palanquin.

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行く雲や犬の駈け尿村時雨
yuku kumo ya inu no kakebari mura shigure

Having become a city man with ambition to become a professional poet, Bashō progressed rapidly in style. Two stylistic developments were prerequisites for the religious life of haiku he was later to adopt, although at this time they were strictly literary changes. The first was an expansion of his subject matter to include the commonplace and even lower sides of life. The stimulus for this development came from the Danrin school, which often applied classical allusions to mundane or even wild contexts.
A rather extreme extension of subject matter can be found in the following:

Passing clouds —
Like a stray dog relieving himself,
Scattered showers.
Tr. and comment by Blyth

Written in 延宝5年, Basho age 34.

. shoben, shooben, shomben 小便 pissing .
bari suru 尿する

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source :　www.rakanneko.jp

冬ちかし時雨の雲もこゝよりぞ
fuyu chikashi shigure no kumo mo koko yori zo

winter is close
and the clouds of a winter sleet
start right from here . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

Buson visited the Hut of Basho.

. WKD : Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .

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source :　www.asanoya.co.jp/kaori

. WKD : shigure 時雨 winter drizzle .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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suzushisa - coolness

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- suzushisa 涼しさ coolness -

During the old times without air conditioning, people had to live with the seasons as they where and try to enjoy them as best as they could.
There are many kigo evoking the coolness during the hot summer of Japan.

. WKD : suzushisa　涼しさ coolness .
..... ryooki 涼気、すずしい、涼しい
"taste of coolness" ryoomi　涼味
kigo for all summer

for suzumi 涼み　see below
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quote
In an age without air conditioners, the word "cool" (suzushisa), a seasonal word for summer, was the ultimate compliment that could be paid to the host of a summer's lodging.
Basho composed as many as 25 hokku with the word "coolness" (suzushisa or suzushimi), many of them in 1689 and 1694, when he traveled during the summer.
- - - Haruo Shirane - Traces of Dreams
source : books.google.co.jp - page 166

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秋涼し手毎にむけや瓜茄子
. aki suzushi te goto ni muke ya uri nasubi .
coolness in autumn

朝露によごれて涼し瓜の泥
. asa-tsuyu ni yogorete suzushi uri no doro .
- - - - - 朝露によごれて涼し瓜の土 - asatsuyu ni yogorete suzushi uri no tsuchi
cool melons

昼顔に米搗き涼むあはれなり
. hirugao ni kometsuki suzumu aware nari .
pounding rice, feeling cool

小鯛挿す柳涼しや海士が家
. kodai sasu yanagi suzushi ya ama ga tsuma .
cool willow twigs

このあたり目に見ゆるものは皆涼し
. kono atari me ni miyuru mono wa mina suzushi .
everything around here is cool
Juhachiro no Ki 十八楼ノ記 Tower of Eighteen - Gifu

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source :　osakagas.co.jp/company
. . . . . the cool sound of a wind chime . . .

松風の落葉か水の音涼し
. matsukaze no ochiba ka mizu no oto suzushi .
the cool sound of water

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南無ほとけ草の台も涼しけれ
. namu hotoke kusa no utena mo suzushikare .
the pedestal of a Buddha statue must be cool too

しばらくは罪も忘れて月涼し
. shibaraku wa tsumi o wasurete tsuki suzushi .
the moon feels cool

汐越や鶴脛ぬれて海涼し
. shiogoshi ya tsuru hagi nurete umi suzushi .
the sea feels cool

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涼しさを絵にうつしけり嵯峨の竹
. suzushisa o e ni utsushi keri Saga no take .
cool bamboo from Saga

涼しさを飛騨の工が指図かな
. suzushisa o Hida no takumi ga sashizu kana .
the carpenter from Hida builds a cool home
- - - 涼しさの指図に見ゆる住まゐかな - suzushisa no sashizu ni miyuru sumai kana

涼しさを我宿にしてねまる也
. suzushisa o waga yado ni shite nemaru nari .
I take a rest in a cool lodging

涼しさやほの三日月の羽黒山
. suzushisa ya hono mikazuki no Haguroyama .
this coolness at mount Haguro

涼しさや海にいれたる最上川
. suzushisa ya umi ni iretaru Mogamigawa.
cool sunset at river Mogamigawa, Sakata town

source :　itoyo/basho

涼しさや直に野松の枝の形
. suzushisa ya sugu ni nomatsu no eda no nari .
the coolness and wild pine branches

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柳行李片荷は涼し初真桑
. yanagigoori katani wa suzushi hatsu makuwa .
the coolness of the first makuwa melon

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- suzumi 涼み - すゞみ to enjoy a cool breeze in summer -
nooryoo 納涼 to enjoy the cool

あつみ山や吹浦かけて夕すゞみ
. Atsumiyama ya Fukuura kakete yuusuzumi / Atsumi-yama ya Fuku-Ura kakete yuu-suzumi .
evening cooness at mount Atsumiyama

命なりわづかの笠の下涼み
. inochi nari wazuka no kasa no shita suzumi .
coolness under a traveler's hat

川かぜや薄がききたる夕すゞみ
. kawakaze ya usugaki kitaru yuusuzumi .
evening coolness by the river

皿鉢もほのかに闇の宵涼み
. sarabachi mo honoka ni yami no yo suzumi . - sarabachi mo honoka no yami no yoi suzumi
evening coolness in the dark

たのしさや青田に涼む水の音
. tanoshisa ya aota ni suzumu mizu no oto .
coolness of the sound of water

夏かけて名月あつきすゞみ哉 - 夏かけて名月暑き涼み哉
. natsu kakete meigetsu atsuki suzumi kana .
moon of autumn cool as in a "summer night"

破風口の日影やよはる夕涼み / 破風口の日影や弱る夕涼み hafu-guchi ni hikage ya yowaru yusuzumi
唐破風の入日や薄き夕涼み . kara hafu no irihi ya usuki yuu suzumi .
coolness of the temple gables at sunset

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百里来たりほどは雲井の下涼み
hyaku ri kitari hodo wa kumoi no shita suzumi

I walked one hundred RI -
now I enjoy the cool
under the ceiling of clouds
Tr. Gabi Greve

one RI is about 3.9 km.

hodo wa kumoi 程は雲居 - a phrase from a waka from the Ise Monogatari

忘るなよ　程は雲居に　なりぬとも
空行く月の　めぐりあふまで

wasuru na yo hodo wa kumoi ni narinu to mo
sora yuku tsuki no meguri-au made

Though I am as far away
As the realm of clouds,
Remember me until I come again,
Even as the moon returns
From ist celestial journeying.
Tr. McCullough

Ungo 雲居 a Zen priest from China (835 - 902)

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飯あふぐかゝが馳走や夕涼 - 飯あふぐ　嬶が馳走や　夕涼み
. meshi augu kaka ga chisoo ya yuu suzumi .

忘れずば佐夜の中山にて涼め
- - - wasurezuba Sayo no Nakayama nite suzume
. Nakayama 佐夜の中山 Sayo no Nakayama - .

夕晴や桜に涼む波の花　
. yuubare ya sakura ni suzumu nami no hana .
coolness and cherry blossoms on the waves

瓜作る君があれなと夕すゞみ
. uri tsukuru kimi ga are na to yuusuzumi .
coolness in the evening

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In contrast to Basho, Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村　wrote only a few haiku with coolness:

. WKD : suzushisa　涼しさ coolness .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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sumi - charcoal

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Onozumi 小野炭（おのずみ）charcoal from the Ono area in Kyoto
This region was famous for its white coal for the tea ceremony.

and

keshizumi, keshi-zumi 消炭 (けしずみ) extinguishing the fire with some coal
..... kiezumi 消え炭（きえずみ), ukizumi 浮炭（うきずみ)

消炭に薪割る音かをのの奥　　
keshi-zumi ni maki waru oto ka Ono no oku

is this the sound of splitting wood
for the fire-extinguishing coal?
way back in Ono

This is a pun with maki 真木 "real tree" and ono 斧, the ax.
Written in 延宝8年, Basho age 37.

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小野炭や手習ふ人の灰ぜせり　
Ono-zumi ya tenarau hito no hai zeseri

this charcoal from Ono -
a student of calligraphy
scribbles in the ashes

Written in 延宝8年, Basho age 37.
The famous calligrapher Ono no Toofuu 小野東風 / 小野道風 (894 - 967) Ono no Tofu
is said to have practiced writing characters in the ashes of a brazier.

. Ono no Michikaze or Ono no Tōfū 小野道風 Ono no Dofu .

.........................................................................................................................................................

白炭やかの浦島が老の箱　
shirozumi ya ka no Urashima ga oi no hako

white ashes -
the "Chest of Old Age"
of the famous Urashima

Basho refers to the white hair of the suddenly ageing Urashima Taro and the white ashes.
Written in 延宝5年, Basho age 34.

Read here :
. The Legend of Urashima Taro 浦島太郎 . - - - and his tamatebako　玉手箱 "treasure box".

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

. Ono no Komachi 小野小町 .
The famous beauty.

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uzumibi 埋火 (うずみび) "hidden fire"
..... ikebi いけ火（いけび）, ikezumiいけ炭（いけずみ）
Some charcoal is left under the ashes to smolder and provide a bit of warmth.

source :　syo-gu-an/akari - uzumibi poems

埋火も消ゆや涙の烹ゆる音
uzumi-bi mo kiyu ya namida no niyuru oto

even the banked fire
is dying - my tears
make a hissing sound
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written most probably in the first year of Genroku 元禄元年 in Gifu.
This hokku has the cut marker YA in the middle of line 2.

While he sits near the smoldering coals, he remembers a good friend who has died recently and his tears do not stop.
The sound of his burning tears is a very strong expression of his sorrow and pain he feels.

MORE - poems about tears
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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source :　chiyopro/okuno-in

埋火や壁には客の影法師　
uzumi-bi ya kabe ni wa kyaku no kagebooshi

banked charcoal -
on the wall the shadow
of a visitor
Tr. Gabi Greve

Written in the winter of 1692 元禄5年.
Basho is sitting at his fireplace. His own shadow appears on the wall like a visitor, who is keeping him company.
This is Basho's way to express his loneliness (sabishisa).

This is a reference to a waka by Saigyo:

さみしさにたえたる人のまたもあれな庵並べむ冬の山里
さびしさにたへたる人のまたもあれな庵ならべむ冬の山里

sabishisa ni taetaru hito no mata mo are na
iori narabemu fuyu no yamazato

I wish there were another here
who could bear
this loneliness;
we'd build our huts side by side
in this wintry moundain village.
Tr. Shirane

. 　Basho and Saigyo 芭蕉と西行法師　.

source :　yahoo.co.jp/t3814102

Another explanation is a visit by his friend Kyokusui 曲水 and both of them sit around the fireplace.
In this case the kage shadow is Kyokusui's.

banked charcoal—
against the wall,
the guest’s shadow
Tr. Barnhill

. Suganuma Kyokusui 菅沼曲水 / 曲翠 .
Owner of 幻住庵 Genju-An, Hut of the Phantom Dwelling.

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. sumi 炭 charcoal in the Edo period .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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05/07/2012

tsukimi - moon viewing in autumn

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- tsukimi 月見 viewing the full moon of autumn -

. WKD : all the moon kigo for autumn .

. Basho SAIJIKI - humanity .

under construction
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升買うて分別かはる月見かな
. masu katte funbetsu kawaru tsukimi kana .

(masu koote, masu kōte)

あさむつや月見の旅の明ばなれ
. asamutsu ya tsukimi no tabi no ake-banare .

けふの今宵寝る時もなき月見哉
kyoo no koyoi neru toki mo naki tsukimi kana

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雲折々人をやすむる月見哉
kumo oriori hito o yasumuru tsukimi kana

source : translating haiku forum

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座頭かと人に見られて月見哉
zatoo ka to hito ni mirarete tsukimi kana / zatō ka

賤の子や稲すりかけて月を見る
. shizu no ko ya ine surikakete tsuki o miru .

月見せよ玉江の蘆を刈らぬ先
. tsukimi seyo Tamae no ashi o karanu saki .
Basho in Tsuruga

寺にねてまことがほなる月見哉
. tera ni nete makoto gao naru tsukimi kana .

米（よね）くるる友を今宵の月の客
yone kururu / tomo o koyoi no / tsuki no kyaku

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. WKD : all the moon kigo for autumn .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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toogarashi - red pepper

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- toogarashi 唐辛子 red pepper -

. WKD : toogarashi 唐辛子 red pepper, hot pepper .
Capsicum annuum

kigo for autumn

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青くても有るべきものを唐辛子
. aokute mo aru beki mono o toogarashi .

.............................................................................

source :　itoyo/basho

隠さぬぞ宿は菜汁に唐辛子　
kakusanu zo yado wa najiru ni toogarashi
kakusa nu zo

not hidden
at this house: vegetable soup
with red pepper
Tr. Barnhill

Openly served by my host,
A simple meal of vegetable soup
And red pepper.
Tr. Oseko

not hiding
at the lodge green vegetable soup
with red peppers
Tr. Reichhold

Written in autumm of 1688 貞亨5年秋
Oi no kobumi
at the home of doctor Kato Usoo 加藤鳥巣 Uso
in Yoshida, Toyohashi 吉田（豊橋)

Uso lived a frugal life and did not hide his simple soup, made only from the leafs of vegetables, but shared it with his visitor.
The pepper is a special mild kind eaten like a vegetable.

Fushimigara, Fushimi-gara 伏見辛
grown in Fushimi, Kyoto

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この種と思ひこなさじ唐辛子　
kono tane to / omoi konasaji / tōgarashi

草の戸を知れや穂蓼に唐辛子　
kusa no to o / shire ya hotade ni / tōgarashi

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. WKD : toogarashi 唐辛子 red pepper, hot pepper .

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Tanabata Star Festival

荒海や佐渡によこたふ天河　
. araumi ya Sado ni yokotau amanogawa .

the wild sea of Sado and the "river of heaven", Milky Way

Oku no Hosomichi - - - - Station 33 - Echigo 越後路 - - -
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

. WKD : Tanabata 七夕 Star Festival .

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七夕の逢はぬ心や雨中天
七夕のあはぬこゝろや雨中天
. Tanabata no awanu kokoro ya uchuuten .
(autumn) Tanabata star festival. the hearts can't meet. rain in heaven.

七夕や秋を定むる夜のはじめ　
七夕や秋を定むる初めの夜
. Tanabata ya aki o sadamuru yo no hajime .
(autumn) Tanabata star festival. now autumn has really come
at the home of Yadoo 野童 Yado in Kyoto

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hoshi-ai, hoshi ai 星合 "the stars are meeting"

合歓の木の葉越しもいとへ星の影
nemu no ki no hagoshi mo itoe hoshi no kage - （ねむのきのはごしもいとえほしのかげ）
nebu no ki no hagoshi mo itoe hoshi no kage

do not peek
even through silk tree leaves:
the stars’ light
Tr. Barnhill

do not even peek
through the leaves of the silk tree:
light falls from the stars
Tr. Chilcott

Written in autumn of 1690. 元禄3年7月7日

. WKD : nemu no ki 合歓木 silk tree . - Albizia julibrissin, Acacia nemu. Albizzie

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元禄六、文月七日の夜、
風雲天に満ち、白浪銀河の岸をひたして、烏鵲も橋杭を流し、一葉梶を吹き
折る気色、二星も屋形を失ふべし。今宵なほ、ただに過さんも残り多しと、一燈かかげ添ふる折節、遍照・小町が歌を吟ずる人あり。これによってこの二首を探りて雨星の心をなぐさめんとす

高水に星も旅寝や岩の上
takamizu ni hoshi mo tabine ya iwa no ue

with flooding waters
the stars too sleep on their journey —
upon a rock
Tr. Barnhill

Written in 1692 - 元禄6年7月7日.
On that night there was a great rain in Edo. His disciple Sanpu had come over to the home of Basho in Fukagawa and the two of them enjoyed the evening anyway.

They were thinking of Ono no Komachi, who might have been forced to sleep on a rock near the river crossing during a stormy rainy night.

Here is one of her poems on Tanabata:

Wretch that I am - a floating waterweed, broken from its roots.
If a stream should beckon, I would follow it, I think
Tr. Keene

source :　andante.blog92.fc2
Komachi Tanabata Festival at Yuzawa Town

. WKD : Ono no Komachi 小野小町 .

c. 825 — c. 900. Waka Poetess and Famous Beauty

MORE - hokku about tabine - sleeping on the road
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .

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水学も乗物貸さん天の川　
suigaku mo norimono kasan Ama-no-gawa

maybe Suigaku
can lend them a ship -
Heavenly River

Written in 延宝6年, Basho age 35 at the Tanabata Star Festival night.
On that night there was a lot of rain and the two lovers might have difficulty to meet . . .

Suigaku Sooho 水学宗甫 Soho had come from Nagasaki and studied the ways of water very intensively. He was famous for water mechanisms. He had been invited from a stay in Osaka to help out with the construction of the mines in Sado Island. He invented a very effective hand pump to drain the mines.

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. WKD : Tanabata 七夕 Star Festival .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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tenmon - heaven

This is a list of the seasonal expressions about "heaven" used by Matsuo Basho in his various poems.

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- - - - - haru 春 SPRING - - - - -

haru no ame 春の雨 rain in spring
haru no kaze 春の風 wind in spring
haru no yuki 春の雪 snow in spring

kageroo 陽炎 heat shimmers

kaiyose 貝寄風 "shell-drawing wind"

kasumi 霞 spring haze, spring haziness

kochi 東風 "east wind", strong easterly wind

oboro 朧 haze, hazy
oborozuki 朧月 moon in the spring haze, hazy moon

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- - - - - natsu 夏 SUMMER - - - - -

hae, nanpuu 南風 southern wind

kaze kaoru 風薫る fragrant wind

kumo no mine 雲の峰 "peak of clouds", billowing clouds

natsu no tsuki 夏の月 moon in summer

samidare 五月雨 "rain in the fifth lunar month" (now rain in the rainy season)
(quite a lot of hokku)

suzukaze, ryoofuu, ryōfū 涼風 cool breeze, refreshing breeze

tsuyu 梅雨 rainy season

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- - - - - aki 秋 AUTUMN - - - - -

aki no kaze 秋の風 wind in autumn
(quite a lot of hokku)

aki no shimo 秋の霜 frost in autumn

ama no kawa 天の川 the Milky Way (Heavenly River)

inzuma 稲妻 lightning

izayoi 十六夜 autumn moon on day 16

kiri 霧 fog

matsuyoi 待宵 "waiting in the evening" for the moon

meigetsu 名月 full autumn moon
(quite a lot of hokku)

mikazuki 三日月 crescent moon

nochi no tsuki 後の月 "next full moon". One month after the meigetsu, now october,

nowaki, nowake 野分 typhoon "parting the fields"

tsuki 月 moon
(quite a large lot of hokku)

tsukishiro, tsuki shiro 月代 "white autumn moon" when the sky in the east is still white

tsuyu 露 dew

yuuzukiyo 夕月夜 evening moon

. WKD : kigo about the Moon in Autumn .

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- - - - - fuyu 冬 WINTER - - - - -

arare 霰 hail
(quite a lot of hokku)

fuyu no ame 冬の雨 rain in winter

hatsushimo, hatsu shimo 初霜 first frost

hatsu yuki 初雪 first snow

kan no ame 寒の雨 rain in the cold

kogarashi 凩 withering wind

shigure 時雨 and hatsu shigure 初時雨

shimo 霜 frost
(quite a lot of hokku)

tsuyu kooru 露凝る dew is freezing

yuki 雪 snow
(quite a large lot of hokku)

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. WKD : tenmon 天文 HEAVEN - - - the Complete SAIJIKI.

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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toshi no kure - end of the year

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- toshi no kure 年の暮　 end of the year -

toshi no hate 年の果、toshi no owari 年の終
. WKD : Ending of a season, ending of the year .

. Basho SAIJIKI - category humanity, daily life 生活 seikatsu - .

under construction
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. - - - WKD : mochitsuki 餅搗 pounding mochi rice-cakes .

有明も三十日に近し餅の音
. ariake mo misoka ni chikashi mochi no oto .

暮れ暮れて餅を木魂の侘び寝かな
. kure kurete mochi o kodama no wabine kana / kurekurete .

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. - - - WKD - sekizoro 節季候 Year-End singers .

節季候の来れば風雅も師走かな
. sekizoro no kureba fuuga mo shiwasu kana .

節気候を雀の笑ふ出立かな
. sekizoro o suzume no warau detachi kana .

....................................................................................................................................................

. - - - WKD : susuharai 煤払 cleaning off the soot (of the ending year) .

煤はきは己が棚つる大工かな
. susuhaki wa ono ga tana tsuru daiku kana .

煤掃は杉の木の間の嵐哉
susuhaki wa sugi no ko no ma no arashi kana

旅寝してみしやうき世の煤はらひ
. tabine shite mishi ya ukiyo no susu harai (susuharai) .

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. - - - WKD : toshi no ichi 年の市 market at the end of the year, Year-End Fair .
..... kure no ichi 暮の市（くれのいち） Year-end market
..... kure ichi 暮市（くれいち）
shiwasu no ichi 師走の市（しわすのいち） December market
sekki ichi 節季市（せっきいち）seasonal market

These markets were famous for selling goods cheaply for the New Year Celebrations.

一休が土器買む年の市
Ikkyuu ga kawarake kawan toshi no ichi

priest Ikkyu buys
a clay dish -
Year-End Market

or

I am going to buy
a clay dish used by priest Ikkyu -
Year-End Market

. Ikkyu Sojun 一休宗純 (1394-1481) Zen priest .
He was quite an eccentric, frequenting brothels and sometimes using a skull as a begging bowl.

. WKD : kawarake かはらけ clay dishes .
they were used to drink New Year Sake (o-toso　お屠蘇) and then usually thrown away.

- - - - - Interpreting the ga as NO
Ikkyuu NO kawarake kawan toshi no ichi
would lead to the idea that Basho himself went to the market to try and buy a dish, or maybe a skull bowl that Ikkyu had used in his time.
a paraverse thanks to - Naotaka Uematsu -

"Hey, let's buy that china bowl（skull) which Ikkyuu loved to use for begging, coz it's auspicious("irony") year-end sale."

From the collection
. - Moto no Mizu もとの水 - 句集 -　A Hokku Collection attributed to Basho in 1787 - .

- - - - -

年の市線香買ひに出でばやな
toshi no ichi senkoo kai ni idebayana

Year-End market -
I go out to buy
some incence

Written in the last month of 1686 貞亨３年師走.

Basho, who lived like a recluse, was not accustomed to the lively atmosphere of so many people coming together for their year-end preparations and last buys.
Let us hope they sold some incense at the market too.

. WKD : koo, senkoo 線香 incense, incense stick .

- - - - -

何にこの師走の市にゆく烏　
nani ni kono shiwasu no ichi ni yuku karasu

why does it head
to the market at year's-end?
a flying crow
Tr. Barnhill

O crow,
why are you flying from here
to the noisy town?
Tr. DS

Written in 1689 元禄2年, Basho age 46, at Zeze 膳所.

Basho sees himself as a crow, heading for the busy Year-End Market. But he wonders what he, feeling like an outsider, is really doing there . . .
Or maybe he really observed a crow heading to the center of Zeze town, when he watched the winter sky?

. WKD : shiwasu no ichi 師走の市 December market .

....................................................................................................................................................

. - - - WKD : toshi wasure 年忘 "forget the old year" - .

半日は神を友にや年忘レ
. hanjitsu wa kami o tomo ni ya toshi wasure .

人に家をかははせて我は年忘
. hito ni ie o kawasete ware wa toshi wasure .

魚鳥の心は知らず年忘れ
. uo tori no kokoro wa shirazu toshi wasure .

....................................................................................................................................................

せつかれて年忘するきげんかな
setsukarete toshi wasure suru kigen kana

being invited so urgently
I take part in the year-end party
and now I feel great . . .

Written after 貞亨元年, Basho between 41 and 51 years.
This hokku has the cut marker at the end of line 3.

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. - - - WKD : toshi yooi 年用意 "preparations for the New Year" .

須磨の浦の年取ものや柴一把
. Suma no Ura no toshitori mono ya sai ichiha / ichipa .

passing into the New Year
at Suma no Ura -
a bundle of brushwood
Tr. Gabi Greve

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. WKD : Ending of a season, ending of the year .

. Cultural Keywords used by Basho .

. - KIGO used by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

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